Objective: To analyze the change trends in the body shape indicators and proportions of students in Harbin from 2010 to 2024, and to investigate ergonomic compatibility of functional dimensions of school desks and chairs with current student shape indicators, so as to provide a reference for revising furniture standards of desks and chairs. Methods: Between September and November of both 2010 and 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was conducted across three districts in Harbin, yielding samples of 6 590 and 6 252 students, respectively. Anthropometric shape indicators cluding height, sitting height, crus length, and thigh length-and their proportional changes were compared over the 15-year period. The 2024 data were compared with current standard functional dimensions of school furniture. The statistical analysis incorporated t-test and Mann-Whitney U- test. Results: From 2010 to 2024, average height increased by 1.8 cm for boys and 1.5 cm for girls; sitting height increased by 1.5 cm for both genders; crus length increased by 0.3 cm for boys and 0.4 cm for girls; and thigh length increased by 0.5 cm for both genders. The ratios of sitting height to height, and sitting height to leg length increased by less than 0.1 . The difference between desk chair height and 1/3 sitting height ranged from 0.4-0.8 cm. Among students matched with size 0 desks and chairs, 22.0% had a desk to chair height difference less than 0, indicating that the desk to chair height difference might be insufficient for taller students. The differences between seat height and fibular height ranged from -1.4 to 1.1 cm; and the differences between seat depth and buttock popliteal length ranged from -9.8 to 3.4 cm. Among obese students, the differences between seat width and 1/2 hip circumference ranged from -20.5 to -8.7 cm, while it ranged from -12.2 to -3.8 cm among non obese students. Conclusion Current furniture standards basically satisfy hygienic requirements; however, in the case of exceptionally tall and obese students, ergonomic accommodations such as adaptive seating allocation or personalized adjustments are recommended to meet hygienic requirements.

ObjectiveThe proteome of biological evidence contains rich genetic information, namely single amino acid polymorphisms (SAPs) in protein sequences. However, due to the lack of efficient and convenient analysis tools, the application of SAP in public security still faces many challenges. This paper aims to meet the application requirements of SAP analysis for forensic biological evidence’s proteome data. MethodsThe software is divided into three modules. First, based on a built-in database of common non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) and SAPs in East Asian populations, the software integrates and annotates newly identified exonic nsSNPs as SAPs, thereby constructing a customized SAP protein sequence database. It then utilizes a pre-installed search engine—either pFind or MaxQuant—to perform analysis and output SAP typing results, identifying both reference and variant types, along with their corresponding imputed nsSNPs. Finally, SAPTyper compares the proteome-based typing results with the individual’s exome-derived nsSNP profile and outputs the comparison report. ResultsSAPTyper accepts proteomic DDA mass spectrometry raw data (DDA acquisition mode) and exome sequencing results of nsSNPs as input and outputs the report of SAPs result. The pFind and Maxquant search engines were used to test the proteome data of 2 hair shafts of2 individuals, and both obtained SAP results. It was found that the results of the Maxquant search engine were slightly less than those of pFind. This result shows that SAPTyper can achieve SAP fingding function. Moreover, the pFind search engine was used to test the proteome data of 3 hair shafts from 1 European person and 1 African person in the literature. Among the sites fully matched by the literature method, sites detected by SAPTyper are also included; for semi-matching sites, that is, nsSNPs are heterozygous, both literature method and SAPTyper method had the risk of missing detection for one type of the allele. Comparing the analysis results of SAPTyper with the SAP test results reported in the literature, it was found that some imputed nsSNP sites identified by the literature method but not detected by SAPTyper had a MAF of less than 0.1% in East Asian populations, and therefore they were not included in the common nsSNP database of East Asian populations constructed by this software. Since the database construction of this software is based on the genetic variation information of East Asian populations, it is currently unable to effectively identify representative unique common variation sites in European or African populations, but it can still identify SAP sites shared by these populations and East Asian populations. ConclusionAn automated SAP analysis algorithm was developed for East Asian populations, and the software named SAPTyper was developed. This software provides a convenient and efficient analysis tool for the research and application of forensic proteomic SAP and has important application prospects in individual identification and phenotypic inference based on SAP.

OBJECTIVE: To detect the alleles of 12 blood group systems (Rh, MNS, Duffy, Kidd, Kell, Diego, Dombrock, Yt, Colton, Scianna, Lutheran and Lw) of Dongxiang ethnic group in Gansu province, and understand the characteristics of rare blood group alleles common in Dongxiang ethnic group, in order to provide a basis for safe blood transfusion and the establishment of blood group gene bank. METHODS: The alleles of 12 blood group systems were classified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 100 people from Dongxiang ethnic group in Gansu province, and the differences of gene frequency compared to other areas in China were analyzed. RESULTS: The allele frequencies of Rh, MNS, and Dombrock blood group systems of Dongxiang ethnic group in Gansu province were similar to northern regions. The Duffy blood group system exhibited specificity, with frequencies lower than most southern regions as well as northern regions. There were no significant differences in Kidd, Kell and Diego blood group systems compared to other regions in China. The Lu^a gene frequency of Lutheran blood group system was higher than all regions in China, which might be associated with genetic variation or sample selection and size. Yt, Colton, Scianna and Lw blood group genes showed monomorphic distribution, and the genotypes were Yt^aYt^a, Co^aCo^a, Sc1Sc1 and Lw^aLw^a, respectively. CONCLUSION Rh, MNS, Duffy, Kidd, Kell, Diego, Dombrock and Lutheran blood group systems show polymorphic distribution, while Yt, Colton, Scianna and Lw blood group systems show monomorphic distribution. The distribution of blood group genes among Dongxiang ethnic group in Gansu province has its own specificity.
Humans ; China/ethnology* ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Blood Group Antigens/genetics* ; Gene Frequency ; Alleles ; Asian People/genetics* ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Genotype ; Female

Purpose::This study evaluated the methods and clinical effects of multidisciplinary collaborative treatment for occlusal reconstruction in patients with old jaw fractures and dentition defects.Methods::Patients with old jaw fractures and dentition defects who underwent occlusal reconstruction at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022 were enrolled. Clinical treatment was classified into 3 phases. In phase I, techniques such as orthognathic surgery, microsurgery, and distraction osteogenesis were employed to reconstruct the correct 3-dimensional (3D) jaw position relationship. In phase II, bone augmentation and soft tissue management techniques were utilized to address insufficient alveolar bone mass and poor gingival soft tissue conditions. In phase III, implant-supported overdentures or fixed dentures were used for occlusal reconstruction. A summary of treatment methods, clinical efficacy evaluation, comparative analysis of imageological examinations, and satisfaction questionnaire survey were utilized to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy in patients with traumatic old jaw fractures and dentition defects. All data are summarized using the arithmetic mean ± standard deviation and compared using independent sample t-tests. Results::In 15 patients with old jaw fractures and dentition defects (an average age of 32 years, ranging from 18 to 53 years), there were 7 cases of malocclusion of single maxillary fracture, 6 of malocclusion of single mandible fracture, and 2 of malocclusion of both maxillary and mandible fractures. There were 5 patients with single maxillary dentition defects, 2 with single mandibular dentition defects, and 8 with both maxillary and mandibular dentition defects. To reconstruct the correct 3D jaw positional relationship, 5 patients underwent Le Fort I osteotomy of the maxilla, 3 underwent bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible, 4 underwent open reduction and internal fixation for old jaw fractures, 3 underwent temporomandibular joint surgery, and 4 underwent distraction osteogenesis. All patients underwent jawbone augmentation, of whom 4 patients underwent a free composite vascularized bone flap (26.66%) and the remaining patients underwent local alveolar bone augmentation. Free gingival graft and connective tissue graft were the main methods for soft tissue augmentation (73.33%). The 15 patients received 81 implants, of whom 11 patients received implant-supported fixed dentures and 4 received implant-supported removable dentures. The survival rate of all implants was 93.82%. The final imageological examination of 15 patients confirmed that the malocclusion was corrected, and the clinical treatment ultimately achieved occlusal function reconstruction. The patient satisfaction questionnaire survey showed that they were satisfied with the efficacy, phonetics, aesthetics, and comfort after treatment.Conclusion::Occlusal reconstruction of old jaw fractures and dentition defects requires a phased sequential comprehensive treatment, consisting of 3D spatial jaw correction, alveolar bone augmentation and soft tissue augmentation, and implant-supported occlusal reconstruction, achieving satisfactory clinical therapeutic efficacy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Aconiti Coreani Radix and Typhonii Rhizoma on the urinary metabolites of gerbils with stroke by non-targeted metabolomics technique， and then to clarify the mechanism of the two， as well as their similarities and differences. MethodTwenty-four gerbils were randomly divided into control group（CG）， model group（MG）， Aconiti Coreani Radix group（RA） and Typhonii Rhizoma group（RT）. Except for the CG， ischemic stroke model was constructed using right unilateral ligation of gerbil carotid artery in the remaining groups. Except for the CG and MG， rats in the other groups received whole powder suspension（0.586 mg·g^-1） was administered for 14 days. The neurological deficit in each group was scored by Longa scoring on days 0， 3， 7 and 14. After the end of administration， the serum， brain tissue and urine of gerbils in each group were collected， and the rate of cerebral infarction was detected by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride（TTC）， and the levels of interleukin（IL）-6， tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α， malondialdehyde（MDA）， superoxide dismutase（SOD）， glutathione（GSH）， and nitric oxide（NO） in serum and brain tissue were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The urine metabolomics of gerbils in each group was studied by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS）， and the data were processed by multivariate statistical analysis， and differential metabolites were screened based on value of variable importance in the projection（VIP） of the first principal component>1 and t-test P<0.05. Metabolic pathway analysis of the screened differential metabolites was performed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） database and Metaboanalyst 5.0. ResultCompared with the CG， the neurological deficit score was significantly increased in the MG（P<0.05）， compared with the MG， the neurological deficit scores in the RA and RT were significantly reduced after 7 d and 14 d（P<0.05）. Compared with the CG， the rate of cerebral infarction was significantly increased in the MG（P<0.05）， compared with the MG， the rates of cerebral infarction in the RA and RT were significantly reduced（P<0.05）. Compared with the CG， the levels of IL-6， TNF-α， and MDA in the serum and brain tissue of gerbils from the MG were significantly increased（P<0.05）， and the levels of SOD， GSH and NO were significantly reduced（P<0.05）. Compared with the MG， Aconiti Coreani Radix and Typhonii Rhizoma could down-regulate the levels of IL-6， TNF-α and MDA， and up-regulated the levels of SOD， GSH and NO. A total of 112 endogenous differential metabolites were screened by urine metabolomics， of which 16 and 26 metabolites were called back by Aconiti Coreani Radix and Typhonii Rhizoma， and could be used as potential biomarkers for both treatments in stroke gerbils， respectively. The results of the pathway analysis showed that both Aconiti Coreani Radix and Typhonii Rhizoma had regulatory effects on arginine and proline metabolism， pyrimidine metabolism， and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. In addition， Aconiti Coreani Radix could also regulate riboflavin metabolism， Typhonii Rhizoma could also regulate purine metabolism， glycine， serine and threonine metabolism， arachidonic acid metabolism， biosynthesis of pantothenate and coenzyme A， and β-alanine metabolism. ConclusionBoth Aconiti Coreani Radix and Typhonii Rhizoma have better therapeutic effects on stroke， with Aconiti Coreani Radix having stronger effects. From the metabolomics results， the main metabolic pathways regulated by Aconiti Coreani Radix involve amino acid metabolism， oxidative stress and so on， while Typhonii Rhizoma mainly involve amino acid metabolism， lipid metabolism， energy metabolism， etc.

Objective To investigate the effect of body mass index(BMI)on the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN).Methods A total of 261 patients with IMN were divided into the normal group(66 cases),the overweight group(105 cases)and the obese group(90 cases)according to BMI.Clinical and renal pathological data of patients were compared between the three groups.The correlation between BMI and clinicopathological indexes was analyzed by Pearson or Spearman's correlation.The influencing factors of estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)were analyzed by multiple linear regression,and the influencing factors of interstitial fibrosis(IF),tubular atrophy(TA),glomerulosclerosis(GS)and mesangial cell proliferation(MCP)were analyzed by binary Logistic regression.Results Compared with the normal group,the prevalence of diabetes mellitus,triglycerides(TG)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were elevated in the overweight group.The prevalence of hypertension,hemoglobin(HGB),uric acid(UA),LDL-C,TG,24-h urinary protein(UTP)and serum complement 3(C3)were elevated,and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)was decreased in the obese group(P＜0.05).The prevalence of hypertension,UA,TG and serum C3 were elevated in the obese group compared to the overweight group(P＜0.05).The glomerular basement membrane(GBM)thickness was higher in the obese group and the overweight group than that in the normal group,and the proportion of GS and IF was higher in the obese group than that in the normal group(P＜0.05).BMI was positively correlated with hypertension,TG,LDL-C,serum C3,UTP,GS,IF,MCP and deposition in the mesangial region of C3,and negatively correlated with HDL-C(P＜0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age,blood urea nitrogen(BUN),anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody(anti-PLA2R),UTP and TA were independent risk factors of eGFR.Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated BMI,age,UTP and serum creatinine(Scr)were independent risk factors for IF.Age,Scr and elevated UA were independent risk factors for TA.Elevated BMI and decreased eGFR were independent risk factors for GS.Elevated BMI was an independent risk factor for MCP.There was no significant difference in the treatment protocol of IMN patients between the three groups.Conclusion Obesity can exacerbate multiple clinical and pathological outcomes in IMN patients.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation and encompasses ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). IBD has emerged as a global healthcare problem. Clinically efficacious therapeutic agents are deficient. This study concentrates on models of ulcerative colitis with the objective of discovering novel therapeutic strategies. Previous investigations have established that schisandrin A demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, concurrently enhancing the transcriptional activity of farnesoid X receptor (FXR). FXR inversely modulates the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, which has an important role in regulating inflammatory responses. Consequently, the current study was to explore the safeguarding influence of schisandrin A on ulcerative colitis and delineate the mechanism by which it regulates this effect through the FXR signaling pathway. The effect of schisandrin A on the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors was evaluated in RAW264.7 cells. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify the relationship between schisandrin A and FXR targeting. The animal experiments were performed in accordance with the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval No. PZSHUTCM2304250005). Acute ulcerative colitis was induced in wild-type or FXR knockout C57BL/6 mice by drinking 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 days, and schisandrin A was administered via gavage for a continuous treatment period of 7 days. The body weight and faecal were monitored daily. The mRNA levels of inflammatory factors in colon tissue and FXR target genes were measured by RT-qPCR. The findings revealed that schisandrin A, in vitro, impeded the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced elevation in mRNA levels of inflammatory factors and schisandrin A could augment transcriptional activity of FXR. In wild-type mice, schisandrin A significantly improved weight loss, colon shortening, loose stools and blood in stools in mice with acute ulcerative colitis, and schisandrin A significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors genes and significantly increased the expression of FXR target genes in colon tissues. In FXR knockout mice, the administration of schisandrin A failed to yield ameliorative effect on acute ulcerative colitis in mice. In conclusion, schisandrin A can reduce intestinal inflammation through the FXR signaling pathway to alleviate acute ulcerative colitis in mice. Implications arise that Schisandra lignans could serve as lead compounds for drug development aimed at inflammatory bowel disease.

Misuse of pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA)-containing herbs is the major cause of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) in China. And diuretics are among the most commonly used medications for the treatment of PA-induced HSOS in clinical practice. As a traditional diuretic in traditional Chinese medicine, the diuretic mechanism of Alismatis Rhizoma (AR) has not been fully clarified, and there is no report on AR ameliorating PA-induced HSOS from a diuretic point of view. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of alisol B 23-acetate (AB23A) against acute liver injury induced by senecionine (a representative toxic PA) in mice, and to further elucidate its effect on impaired water-liquid balance in mice exposed to PA. All experiments were approved by the Animal Research Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Registration number: PZSHUTCM220808017). Animal welfare and the animal experimental protocols were strictly consistent with related ethics regulations of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Model of mice was induced by a single oral exposure of senecioine (50 mg·kg^-1) (SEN group), and AB23A (40 mg·kg^-1) intervention group (AB23A+SEN group), solvent control group (Ctrl group) and AB23A control group (AB23A group) were set up. The results showed that AB23A could significantly attenuate the levels of serum biochemical indices of liver functions in senecioine-induced acute liver injury mice, as evident by alleviated hepatocyte necrosis and hepatic sinusoidal stasis. AB23A also improved kidney function of mice exposed to senecionine, fascinated urinary excretion and repaired electrolyte disorders, as well as decreased content of senecioine metabolites. Further, the protein and mRNA expression of genes related to the water balance pathway were measured. AB23A could significantly down-regulate the elevated protein and mRNA expression levels of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor, and inhibit the transport of AQP2 to the apical plasma membrane induced by senecionine exposure. AB23A also significantly decreased serum levels of angiotensin II. In vitro studies further confirmed that AB23A regulates AQP2 expression in renal inner medullary collecting duct cells 3 (IMCD3). These data indicate that AB23A regulates the expression of AQP2 in renal medulla, thereby affecting its water reabsorption in mice with senecionine-induced acute liver injury. This work achieves a better understanding of the diuretic effect of AR, and provides experimental foundation and theoretical basis for the treatment of PA-induced acute liver injury by AR in clinics.

AIM To investigate the purification process for esculin,fraxin,esculetin and fraxetin in Fraxini Cortex by macroporous resin.METHODS Static adsorption experiment was applied to screening resin model,single factor test was adopted in the optimization of purification process,UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS was used for identifying main components,after which heatmap was drawn.RESULTS The optimal resin model was ADS-5.The optimal purification process was determined to be 1.1 BV for loading amount,0.75 g/mL for loading concentration,2 BV pure water for washing impurity,and 4 BV 25%ethanol for eluting effective constituents,coumarins demonstrated the total transfer rate,purity and yield of 84.42%,53.28%and 4.79%,respectively.Total 37 constituents were identified,among which coumarins and phenylethanol glycosides were mainly concentrated in 25%ethanol eluent,organic acids,iridoids and flavonoids were mainly concentrated in 95%ethanol eluent.CONCLUSION This stable,feasible and accurate method can characterize the distribution patterns of coumarins in Fraxini Cortex in different eluents of macroporous resin,which provides guidance for further related pharmaceutical research.