Objective To understand the respiratory protection competency of staff in hospitals.Methods Staff from six hospitals of different levels and characteristics in Beijing were selected,including doctors,nurses,medical technicians,and servicers,to conduct knowledge assessment on respiratory protection competency.According to exposure risks of respiratory infectious diseases,based on actual cases and daily work scenarios,content of respira-tory protection competency assessment was designed from three aspects:identification of respiratory infectious di-seases,transmission routes and corresponding protection requirements,as well as correct selection and use of masks.The assessment included 6,6,and 8 knowledge points respectively,with 20 knowledge points in total,all of which were choice questions.For multiple-choice questions,full marks,partial marks,and no mark were given respective-ly if all options were correct,partial options were correct and without incorrect options,and partial options were correct but with incorrect options.Difficulty and discrimination analyses on question of each knowledge point was conducted based on classical test theory.Results The respiratory protection competency knowledge assessment for 326 staff members at different risk levels in 6 hospitals showed that concerning the 20 knowledge points,more than 60％participants got full marks for 6 points,while the proportion of full marks for other questions was relatively low.Less than 10％participants got full marks for the following 5 knowledge points:types of airborne diseases,types of droplet-borne diseases,conventional measures for the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infec-tion with respiratory infectious diseases,indications for wearing respirators,and indications for wearing medical protective masks.Among the 20 knowledge questions,5,1,and 14 questions were relatively easy,medium,and difficult,respectively;6,1,4,and 9 questions were with discrimination levels of ≥0.4,0.30-0.39,0.20-0.29,and ≤0.19,respectively.Conclusion There is still much room for hospital staff to improve their respiratory protection competency,especially in the recognition of diseases with different transmission routes and the indications for wearing different types of masks.

Objective To explore the feasibility and accuracy of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)in the prediction of testicular torsion(TT)in children with acute scrotal pain.Methods A retrospective case-control study was performed on 158 pediatric patients with ultrasound suspicion of TT who underwent surgical testicular examination during Jan.2017 and Jan.2024.The patients were divided into TT group and non-TT group.Clinical data and laboratory data at admission were analyzed.Sensitivity and specificity of NLR to TT were determined with the area under the curve(AUC)represented on the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results There were with no statistically significant differences in clinical data between the two groups(P＞0.05).The NLR was significantly higher in the TT group than in the non-TT group[(4.82±2.37)vs.(2.85±0.75),P＜0.05].The optimal cut-off value of TT predicted by NLR was 2.07,the AUC was 0.809(95％CI:0.709-0.909),and the sensitivity and specificity were 97.9％and 93.3％,respectively,which were significantly higher than other factors.Conclusion For suspicious ultrasound diagnosis of pediatric acute scrotal pain cases,NLR can be used to predict the possibility of TT and may help to evaluate the urgent surgical treatment in these patients.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic inguinal lymph node dissection(L-ILND)and open inguinal lymph node dissection(O-lLND)in the treatment of penile cancer after radical penile cancer surgery. Methods:The clinical outcomes of 63 patients who were diagnosed with penile cancer(TNM staging:T1_3,N0-3,M0)and received L-ILND(41 cases)or O-ILND(22 cases)after radical penile cancer surgery in Department of Urology,Hubei Cancer Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology from 2008 to 2020 were retrospectively studied.The primary endpoint of this study was overall survival,and the secondary endpoints were 5-year overall survival and 5-year cancer-specific survival.The different clinical characteristics were compared between the L-ILND group and O-ILND group.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study the risk facotrs for postoperative wound complications.Kaplan-Meier method was used for prognosis analysis.COX regression analysis was used to investigate the factors for overall survival prediction. Results:Among the 63 penile cancer patients studied,41 patients received L-ILND and the remaining 22 received O-ILND.There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the two groups of patients.The median overall survival(78 months vs 72 months,P=0.844),5-year overall survival rate(74.5％vs 78.3％,P=0.144),5-year cancer-specific survival rate(77.2％vs 71.4％,P=0.228)showed no obvious difference between L-ILND and O-ILND group.The rate of postoperative wound complications in the O-ILND group was significantly higher than that in the L-ILND group(74％vs 15％,P=0.01 2).The result of multivariate COX regression analysis showed that tumor grade[hazard ratio(H-R)=2.774,P=0.021]and lymph node pathological stage(HR=1.482,P=0.024)were significantly correlated with patients'prognosis. Conclusion:The clinical efficacy of L-ILND and O-ILND is similar,but L-ILND has a higher safety profile and lower incidence of postoperative wound complications.Therefore,L-ILND is a more ideal surgical approach for inguinal lymph node dissection after radical penile cancer surgery.

This study aims to explore the key factors influencing the processing of braised Rehmanniae Radix, optimize the processing, and determine the correlation between the components in different processed products and chroma values, which is expected to add quantitative indexes for the processing of braised Rehmanniae Radix and better control the processing. The weights of the indexes catalpol, rehmannioside D, verbascoside, isoacteoside, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, reducing sugar, and appearance were calculated based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP) in combination with coefficient of variation, and the overall desirability(OD) was obtained. Box-Behnken design was used to explore the optimal amount of water added, time for soaking with rice wine, and steaming time in the processing of braised Rehmanniae Radix. Colorimeter was employed to determine the chroma of 17 samples and raw samples, and SPSS, Prism, and other software to investigate the correlation between the components in braised Rehmanniae Radix and the chroma values. The results showed that each factor influenced the processing, and the influence followed the order of steaming time>amount of water added>time for soaking with rice wine. The optimal processing process is as below: A total of 100 g medicinal material was added with 7 times of water, followed by soaking with rice wine for 5 h and steaming in a pot for 6 h. The correlation analysis suggested the extremely significantly positive correlation between L~* and content of catalpol, between a~* and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content, and between b~* and catalpol content, and the extremely significantly negative correlation between L~* and the content of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and reducing sugar, and between b~* and the content of 5-hydroxymethylfural and reducing sugar. In this experiment, response surface methodology was used to optimize the processing technology of braised Rehmanniae Radix and the optimized process was rational and feasible. The content of chemical components in braised Rehmanniae Radix was significantly correlated with the chroma. This study provided a new method for the quality evaluation of braised Rehmanniae Radix.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Excipients ; Furaldehyde/analogs & derivatives* ; Iridoid Glucosides ; Plant Extracts ; Rehmannia/chemistry* ; Sugars ; Technology ; Water

As a convenient and effective surface modification approach, non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP)can be used to improve dentin bonding, and has recently become a research focus. Studies have shown that NTAPP can alter dentin surface properties, improve the penetration and polymerization of adhesives, stimulate the cross-linking of collagen, and change the micro-morphology and element content of dentin surface, thus improve the dentin bonding quality. This article introduces the current research progress in the application of NTAPP in the field of dentin bonding, in order to provide innovative information for future research in optimization of the quality of dentin bonding.
Dental Bonding ; Dental Cements ; Dentin ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Materials Testing ; Plasma Gases ; Resin Cements ; Surface Properties

Rehmanniae Radix is a common medicine of traditional Chinese medicine， which has the function of nourishing Yin and tonifying the kidney， and has a long application history of processing. This medicine was first recorded in Synopsis of Golden Chamber （《金匮要略》）， which was mainly produced by steaming and boiling. Its processing materials were diverse. In addition to rice wine， honey， Amomi Fructus， milk， Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum， and Carthami Flos were also recorded in ancient books， but with the evolution of time， the characteristic excipients gradually disappeared. Based on this， starting with different excipients， the author consulted the classics of materia medica and processing specifications in various regions， sorted out the historical evolution of Rehmanniae Radix processing， and explored new methods and new ideas to exert the maximum efficacy on this basis. At the same time， the effects of different processing excipients on the chemical components and pharmacodynamic effects of Rehmanniae Radix were analyzed. After literature review， it was found that Rehmanniae Radix mainly had the effects of clearing heat and cooling blood， nourishing Yin and generating fluid. Its traditional processing excipients generally used rice wine， Carthami Flos and others. After processing with different excipients， there was different effects on the chemical components and pharmacological effects of Rehmanniae Radix. In summary， this paper can provide useful reference for standardized research on different processed products of Rehmanniae Radix.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Kindlin-2 on uterus development and reproductive capacity in female mice. METHODS: Cdh16-Cre tool mice and Kindlin-2^flox/flox mice were used to construct the mouse model of uterus specific knockout of Kindlin-2, and the effects of Kindlin-2 deletion on uterine development and reproduction capacity of female mice were observed. High expression and knockdown of Kindlin-2 in endometrial cancer cell lines HEC-1 and Ish were used to detect the regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. In addition, uterine proteins of the female mice with specific knockout of Kindlin-2 and female mice in the control group were extracted to detect the protein levels of key molecules of mTOR signaling pathway and Hippo signaling pathway. RESULTS: The mouse model of uterine specific knockout of Kindlin-2 was successfully constructed. The knockout efficiency of Kindlin-2 in mouse uterus was identified and verified by mouse tail polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot protein identification, immunohistochemical staining (IHC) and other methods. Compared with the control group, the female mice with uterus specific deletion of Kindlin-2 lost weight, seriously impaired reproductive ability, and the number of newborn mice decreased, but the proportion of the female mice and male mice in the newborn mice did not change. Hematoxylin eosin staining (HE) experiment showed that the endometrium of Kindlin-2 knockout group was incomplete and the thickness of uterine wall became thinner. In terms of mechanism, the deletion of Kindlin-2 in endo-metrial cancer cell lines HEC-1 and Ish could downregulate the protein levels of mTOR, phosphorylated mTOR, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated AMPK and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (S6), and the mTOR signal pathway was inhibited. It was found that the specific deletion of Kindlin-2 could upregulate the protein levels of Mps one binding 1 (MOB1) and phosphorylated Yes-associated protein (YAP) in the uterus of the female mice, and the Hippo signal pathway was activated. CONCLUSION Kindlin-2 inhibits the development of uterus by inhibiting mTOR signal pathway and activating Hippo signal pathway, thereby inhibiting the fertility of female mice.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism* ; Animals ; Cadherins/metabolism* ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism* ; Endometrium/metabolism* ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS)/metabolism* ; Female ; Hematoxylin/metabolism* ; Hippo Signaling Pathway ; Male ; Mammals/metabolism* ; Mice ; Muscle Proteins ; Ribosomal Protein S6/metabolism* ; Sirolimus/metabolism* ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism* ; YAP-Signaling Proteins

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in function of CD8 METHODS: Flow cytometry was used to detect the expressions of PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3, which were the markers of exhausted CD8 RESULTS: The expressions of inhibitory receptors (PD-1, TIM3 and LAG-3) on CD8 CONCLUSION The exhausted CD8
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2 ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) in 3 central cities (Chifeng, Hohhot, Ordos) and the surrounding rural areas of Inner Mongolia region, and to look for possible risk factors related to the disease. Methods: From March to October of 2019, a multi-stage stratified random sampling epidemiological survey was conducted in Chifeng, Hohhot, Ordos and rural areas. The AR-related factors of the population were obtained in the form of face-to-face questionnaire survey, and the skin prick test (SPT) was taken for the participants. AR disease was diagnosed according to the "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis (2015, Tianjin)". The daily airborne pollen situation in the three regions was monitored during the same period. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze all survey results. Results: A total of 6 818 questionnaires were recovered, with 6 393 valid questionnaires. The self-reported prevalence of AR was 27.72% (1 772/6 393) and the confirmed prevalence of AR was 17.10% (1 093/6 393). The prevalence of perennial AR was 1.83% (117/6 393) while the prevalence of seasonal AR was 15.27% (976/6 393). The prevalence of AR diagnosed in females was higher than that in males (19.19% vs 15.34%, χ²=16.594, P<0.001) and the prevalence of females in the two age groups of 36-45 years and 46-55 years was significantly higher than that of males (18.17% vs 9.73%, 14.13% vs 7.25%, χ² value was 23.848, 18.772, respectively, all P<0.001). The prevalence of confirmed diagnoses in ethnic minorities was higher than that of Han nationality, and the prevalence of confirmed diagnoses in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas (23.13% vs 16.20%, 27.27% vs 9.71%, χ² value was 24.516, 336.024, respectively, all P<0.001). The main nasal symptoms of AR patients were sneezing (91.31%), nasal congestion (85.91%) and nasal itching (85.00%). The most common concomitant disease of AR was allergic conjunctivitis (73.99%). Asthma (OR=6.629), food allergy (OR=3.236), drug allergy (OR=1.786), application of antibiotics (OR=1.553), recent home decoration (OR=2.307), and smoking (OR=1.322) were the AR related risk factors. The highest proportion of SPT positive reactions was Artemisia annua (80.15%). The peak period of clinical symptoms of AR patients in Inner Mongolia region was July to September, which was consistent with the second peak period of airborne pollen monitoring. Conclusions: The prevalence of AR in central cities and the surrounding rural areas of Inner Mongolia region is 17.10%, and Artemisia species is the most important pollen allergen in this area. History of asthma, food allergy, drug allergy, antibiotic use, home decoration and smoking history are the related risk factors for AR.
Adult ; Allergens ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pollen ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic/epidemiology* ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; Urbanization

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between serum folate and the prognosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I (CIN1) and the interaction between folate and high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection.Methods:From a community-based married women cohort established in Jiexiu and Yangqu County of Shanxi Province from June to December 2014, a total of 564 eligible women with CIN1 by pathologically diagnosed were recruited. The pathological examination was performed again 12 months later. According to the prognosis of CIN1, participants were divided into CIN1 regression group, persistence and progression group, respectively. Nested case-control study was used to explore the relationship between serum folate and CIN1 prognosis, and additive model was used to analyze the interaction between serum folate and HR-HPV infection.Results:Among 564 CIN1 patients, 479 cases underwent pathological examination again, 331 were divided in CIN1 regression group and other 148 in persistence and progression group. The levels of serum folate in CIN1 regression group and persistence and progression group were (18.890±8.360) and (15.640±5.550) nmol/L, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-6.937, P<0.001). HPV infection was detected in 154 patients, including 148 cases of HR-HPV infection and 6 cases of low risk human papillomavirus (LR-HPV) infection. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the age, passive smoking, frequency of pudendal cleaning, frequency of cleaning after sex, frequency of changing underwear, serum folate and HR-HPV infection between regression group and persistence and progression group ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the frequency of pudendal cleaning ( OR=0.422, 95% CI: 0.238-0.750), frequency of changing underwear ( OR=0.574, 95% CI: 0.355-0.928), serum folate (13.06-16.78nmol/L: OR=4.806, 95% CI: 2.355-9.810; ≤13.05nmol/L: OR=8.378, 95% CI: 4.024-17.445), HR-HPV infection ( OR=1.852, 95% CI: 1.170-2.933) were the independent influencing factors of CIN1 prognosis. Interaction analysis showed that the relative excess risk of low serum folate level and HR-HPV infection for the CIN1 persistence and progression was 4.992 (95% CI: 0.189-9.796), attributable proportion due to interaction was 0.552 (95% CI: 0.279-0.824), synergy index was 2.632 (95% CI: 1.239-5.588), a OR of serum folate≤16.78 nmol/L and HR-HPV infection positive was 9.055 (95% CI: 4.878-16.807). Conclusion:Low serum folate level could increase the risk of CIN1 persistence and progression, and might enhance the risk when combined with HR-HPV infection.