BACKGROUND:Triptolide,a bioactive component of the traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii,has a certain protective effect on neurons.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of triptolide on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.METHODS:(1)Cell experiment:Hippocampal neurons(HT22 cells)were randomly divided into control group,glucose oxygen deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)group,OGD/R+triptolide group,OGD/R+triptolide+si-TIGAR group,OGD/R+si-TIGAR group,and OGD/R+triptolide+rapamycin group.HT22 cell viability was detected by cell counting kit 8.Tp53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis factors,glutathione peroxidase 4,7 members of the solsolic vector family 11,sphingosine kinase 1(SPHK1)and(mTOR)were detected by western blot assay.Glutathione,malondialdehyde and iron level were detected using the biochemical kit.(2)Animal experiment:Rats were randomly divided into sham surgery group,model group,and triptolide group.Cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion rat models were prepared in the latter two groups.Rats in the triptolide group were orally administered 50 mg/kg triptolide for 7 days.Twenty-four hours after administration,LONGA method was used to evaluate the neurological impairment of rats,TTC method was used to observe the conditions of cerebral infarction,TUNEL staining was used to detect cell apoptosis,and western blot was performed to detect the expression level of related proteins.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)At the cellular level,triptolide promoted cell viability and inhibited apoptosis in HT22 cells treated with OGD/R.Triptolide also increased the expression levels of Tp53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis factors,glutathione peroxidase 4,and 7 members of the solsolic vector family 11,activated the SPHK1/mTOR pathway,increased glutathione content,inhibited malondialdehyde content and iron levels.Rapamycin treatment counteracted the protective effect of triptolide on HT22 cells.(2)At the animal level,triptolide significantly reduced neurological deficits,infarct volume,and cell apoptosis,and inhibited neuronal ferroptosis in brain tissue of rats.To conclude,triptolide can inhibit ferroptosis by upregulating the expression level of Tp53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis factors and activating the SPHK1/mTOR signaling,and thereby reduced cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.These findings suggest that triptolide may be a candidate drug for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND:Triptolide,a bioactive component of the traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii,has a certain protective effect on neurons.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of triptolide on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.METHODS:(1)Cell experiment:Hippocampal neurons(HT22 cells)were randomly divided into control group,glucose oxygen deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)group,OGD/R+triptolide group,OGD/R+triptolide+si-TIGAR group,OGD/R+si-TIGAR group,and OGD/R+triptolide+rapamycin group.HT22 cell viability was detected by cell counting kit 8.Tp53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis factors,glutathione peroxidase 4,7 members of the solsolic vector family 11,sphingosine kinase 1(SPHK1)and(mTOR)were detected by western blot assay.Glutathione,malondialdehyde and iron level were detected using the biochemical kit.(2)Animal experiment:Rats were randomly divided into sham surgery group,model group,and triptolide group.Cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion rat models were prepared in the latter two groups.Rats in the triptolide group were orally administered 50 mg/kg triptolide for 7 days.Twenty-four hours after administration,LONGA method was used to evaluate the neurological impairment of rats,TTC method was used to observe the conditions of cerebral infarction,TUNEL staining was used to detect cell apoptosis,and western blot was performed to detect the expression level of related proteins.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)At the cellular level,triptolide promoted cell viability and inhibited apoptosis in HT22 cells treated with OGD/R.Triptolide also increased the expression levels of Tp53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis factors,glutathione peroxidase 4,and 7 members of the solsolic vector family 11,activated the SPHK1/mTOR pathway,increased glutathione content,inhibited malondialdehyde content and iron levels.Rapamycin treatment counteracted the protective effect of triptolide on HT22 cells.(2)At the animal level,triptolide significantly reduced neurological deficits,infarct volume,and cell apoptosis,and inhibited neuronal ferroptosis in brain tissue of rats.To conclude,triptolide can inhibit ferroptosis by upregulating the expression level of Tp53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis factors and activating the SPHK1/mTOR signaling,and thereby reduced cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.These findings suggest that triptolide may be a candidate drug for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Objective To evaluate the dissolution effects of pediatric ammonium urate stones in solutions with different pH values, so as to provide reference for the clinical treatment of this type of stones. Methods Eight pure ammonium urate stones(ammonium urate content ≥90%)of similar size and mass(median mass 4.6 g)were obtained from 8 children(＜14 years)undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy at the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The stones were placed in sodium chloride solutions with pH values of 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.5 and artificial urine with pH values of 4. 6, 5.0, 7.0, and 8.5 at a constant temperature of 37 ℃. The mass of the stones was recorded before placement and at 24, 48, and 72 h after placement. The dissolution rates of the stones were calculated. Results The pediatric ammonium urate stones could be dissolved in sodium chloride solution, and the total dissolution rate was the highest(94.6%)after 72 hours when the pH value was 6.0. The total dissolution rate of ammonium urate stones in artificial urine after 72 hours were all over 50%, and the total dissolution rate was the highest(79.7%)when the pH value was 4.6. Conclusion Pediatric ammonium urate stones are soluble in sodium chloride solution and artificial urine, and the total dissolution rate is higher in acidic environment.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression levels of EZH2 and KMT2D in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and their relationship with pathological features. METHODS: 84 patients with DLBCL treated in our hospital from January 2021 to June 2022 were selected as the study subjects, and clinical characteristics such as sex, age and pathological classification of the patients were collected. Immunohistochemistry was used to detecet the expression of KMT2D and EZH2 proteins in tumor tissue cells of the DLBCL patients. The differential expression of KMT2D and EZH2 in subgroups of different sexes, ages, primary sites, clinical stages, Hans subtypes, etc. were compared. The correlation between the expression of KMT2D and EZH2 protein and BCL-6, CD79A was analyzed and validated through the interaction of protein molecular structures. We followed up and recorded the survival status of the patients for 12 months, and analyzed the factors that affect the mortality of DLBCL patients. RESULTS: The positive rate of KMT2D and EZH2 was high (over 95%) in DLBCL patients. There was no significant difference in the expression of EZH2 and KMT2D among subgroups of different sexes, ages and stages (P >0.05). However, patients with different levels of BCL-6 and CD79A expression showed differences in EZH2 and KMT2D expression (P < 0.05). EZH2 and KMT2D were positively correlated with BCL-6 (r =0.391, r =0.332) and CD79A (r =0.309, r =0.258), respectively, and there were interactions in the protein molecular structures. The risk factors for mortality in DLBCL patients include male sex (OR =1.106, 95%CI : 1.082-1.130, P < 0.001), stage II (OR =1.778, 95%CI : 1.567-2.016, P < 0.001), stage IV (OR =2.233, 95%CI : 2.021-2.467, P < 0.001), EZH2 positive (OR =2.762, 95%CI : 1.304-5.850, P =0.008), BCL-6 positive (OR =7.309, 95%CI : 1.340-39.859, P =0.022), age≥74 years (OR =3.080, 95%CI : 1.658-5.723, P < 0.001), and 63-73 years old (OR =2.400, 95%CI : 1.564-3.682, P < 0.001), while KMT2D positive (OR =0.180, 95%CI : 0.054-0.608, P =0.006) and 41-51 years old (OR =0.406, 95%CI : 0.274-0.603, P < 0.001) were factors which could reduce the risk of mortality. CONCLUSION EZH2 and KMT2D are highly expressed in patients with DLBCL, and they are positively correlated with BCL-6 and CD79A, and affect the prognosis of DLBCL patients.
Humans ; Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/metabolism* ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism* ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism* ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism* ; Aged ; Immunohistochemistry ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6/metabolism* ; Prognosis

Attempts have been made to modulate motor sequence learning (MSL) through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, targeting different sites within the sensorimotor network. However, the target with the optimum modulatory effect on neural plasticity associated with MSL remains unclarified. This study was therefore designed to compare the role of the left primary motor cortex and the left supplementary motor area proper (SMAp) in modulating MSL across different complexity levels and for both hands, as well as the associated neuroplasticity by applying intermittent theta burst stimulation together with the electroencephalogram and concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation. Our data demonstrated the role of SMAp stimulation in modulating neural communication to support MSL, which is achieved by facilitating regional activation and orchestrating neural coupling across distributed brain regions, particularly in interhemispheric connections. These findings may have important clinical implications, particularly for motor rehabilitation in populations such as post-stroke patients.
Humans ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Motor Cortex/physiology* ; Male ; Electroencephalography ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology* ; Female ; Adult ; Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology* ; Young Adult ; Learning/physiology*

As an important part of Chinese traditional culture， the processing technology of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） carries the wisdom of TCM for thousands of years， and its process is complex and rigorous. With the popularization of modern production technology， traditional processing techiques are facing the dual pressures from technological innovation and production standardization under the perspective of intangible cultural heritage. The modernization of TCM processing technology is an inevitable trend for industrial upgrading， but it cannot be separated from the foundation of traditional skills and ignore the core concepts and cultural values it embodies. Therefore， by analyzing the core characteristics of TCM processing technology and its differences with modern production， this paper discusses the establishment of a synergistic innovation mechanism between traditional techniques and modern technologies， the promotion of joint research and development between scientific research institutes and the industry， the strengthening of standardization of processing techniques， and the enhancement of social education and industry training to improve the recognition and inheritance of processing techniques in order to achieve the goal of innovation and protection of TCM processing technologies in the context of modernization， and to promote the high-quality development of the TCM processing industry.

Guided by the concept of quality by design(QbD), this study optimizes the calcination and quenching process of calcined Magnetitum and establishes the XRD characteristic spectra of calcined Magnetitum, providing a scientific basis for the formulation of quality standards. Based on the processing methods and quality requirements of Magnetitum in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the critical process parameters(CPPs) identified were calcination temperature, calcination time, particle size, laying thickness, and the number of vinegar quenching cycles. The critical quality attributes(CQAs) included Fe mass fraction, Fe~(2+) dissolution, and surface color. The weight coefficients were determined by combining Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and the criteria importance though intercrieria correlation(CRITIC) method, and the calcination process was optimized using orthogonal experimentation. Surface color was selected as a CQA, and based on the principle of color value, the surface color of calcined Magnetitum was objectively quantified. The vinegar quenching process was then optimized to determine the best processing conditions. X-ray diffraction(XRD) was used to establish the characteristic spectra of calcined Magnetitum, and methods such as similarity evaluation, cluster analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were used to evaluate the quality of the spectra. The optimized calcined Magnetitum preparation process was found to be calcination at 750 ℃ for 1 h, with a laying thickness of 4 cm, a particle size of 0.4-0.8 cm, and one vinegar quenching cycle(Magnetitum-vinegar ratio 10∶3), which was stable and feasible. The XRD characteristic spectra analysis method, featuring 9 common peaks as fingerprint information, was established. The average correlation coefficient ranged from 0.839 5-0.988 1, and the average angle cosine ranged from 0.914 4 to 0.995 6, indicating good similarity. Cluster analysis results showed that Magnetitum and calcined Magnetitum could be grouped together, with similar compositions. OPLS-DA discriminant analysis identified three key characteristic peaks, with Fe_2O_3 being the distinguishing component between the two. The final optimized processing method is stable and feasible, and the XRD characteristic spectra of calcined Magnetitum was initially established, providing a reference for subsequent quality control and the formulation of quality standards for calcined Magnetitum.
X-Ray Diffraction/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Quality Control ; Particle Size

Objective:To investigate the incidence of shoulder work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among occupational population in China, and to explore their intrinsic association with personal and work-related factors.Methods:In April 2024, 73497 valid questionnaires of the Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Electronic Questionnaire were retrospectively analyzed from June 2018 to December 2023 in 22 provinces and 29 key industries in China, and the general information, occurrence of WMSDs and related risk factors of key occupational populations in different regions in China were collected. By using Chi-square test and confirmatory factor analysis, the relationship between shoulder fatigue and pain in key occupational groups and individual factors, work type, work posture and work organization was discussed, and the internal relationship was analyzed based on structural equation model.Results:Higher incidence of shoulder fatigue and pain were associated with female, lack of physical exercise, uncomfortable working posture and neck leaning forward ( P<0.05). Structural equation model analysis showed that work type, work posture and work organization were strongly correlated ( r=0.58, 0.55). Work organization and work type were strongly correlated with shoulder fatigue ( r=0.65) and moderately correlated with shoulder fatigue ( r=0.21). Shoulder fatigue was moderately associated with shoulder pain ( r=0.40). Individual factors, work type, work posture and shoulder fatigue could directly affect shoulder pain ( OR=0.07, -0.09, 0.17 and 0.40), and work type and work posture could also indirectly affect shoulder pain through shoulder fatigue ( OR=0.08, 0.03). Work organization only indirectly affected shoulder pain through shoulder fatigue ( OR=0.26) . Conclusion:The main influencing factor of shoulder pain is shoulder fatigue, followed by work posture and individual factors. Structural equation model can better reflect the complex relationship between work type, work posture and work organization and shoulder WMSDs. Improving work posture and work organization may be an effective way to control the influence of shoulder fatigue on shoulder pain.

Objective:To explore the structural equation model to explore the levels of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and various risk factors in the feet and ankle of China's occupational population, providing scientific basis for for preventing WMSDs in feet and ankles.Methods:Data of 73497 national occupational epidemiological cases were selected from June 2018 to December 2023 used the Chinese version of the Electronic Questionnaire on Musculoskeletal Disorders. The adverse ergonomic factors and their source classification standard and confirmatory factor analysis were used to investigate foot and ankle WMSDs and their related risk factors (including individual factors, work organization, work posture, work type, fatigue, etc.) in key occupational groups in China, and structural equation model hypothesis, fitting, verification, and path and intermediary effect analysis were carried out. The model fit evaluation indexes included Chi-square specific degrees of freedom ( χ2/ df), gauge fit index (NFI), Tucker Lewis index (TLI), goodness of Fit index (GFI), adjusted Goodness of Fit index (AGFI) and approximate root mean square error (RMSEA) . Results:A total of 73497 occupational workers were surveyed, with local muscle fatigue and WMSDs incidence rates in the feet and ankles being 17.17% and 12.06%, respectively. The fitting index of the adjusted structural equation model basically meets the standard (GFI=1, AGFI=1, RMESA=0.042, NFI=0.716, TLI=0.663). The top three factors affecting feet and ankle WMSDs are feet and ankle muscle fatigue, work type, and work organization, with standardized path coefficients of 0.221, 0.105, and 0.095, respectively. The top two factors affecting feet and ankle muscle fatigue are work organization and work type, with standardized path coefficients of 0.548 and 0.383, respectively. Feet and ankle muscle fatigue, work type, work organization, and work posture have a direct effect on feet and ankle WMSDs, with effect values of 0.221, 0.105, 0.095, and 0.077, respectively. The organization and type of work can also have indirect effects through feet and ankle muscle fatigue, with effect values of 0.121 and 0.084, respectively.Conclusion:Feet and ankle muscle fatigue has a direct impact on WMSDs, and plays a mediating role between ankle and ankle WMSDs caused by work organization and work type. Feet and ankle muscle fatigue is an important pathway leading to feet and ankle WMSDs. It is recommended that employers and managers detect job fatigue early and take corresponding prevention and intervention measures, which can play a key role in preventing feet and ankle WMSDs.