Objective To understand the seasonal and etiological characteristics of the epidemic situation of cluster fever in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategies. Methods The epidemic data of cluster fever in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 2013 to 2021 were collected, and the data were analyzed by concentration degree and circular distribution methods. Results From 2013 to 2021, there were 109 cases of cluster fever reported in Pudong New Area, with primary schools reporting the most cases, 77 cases (70.64%). The M value was 0.59. Circular distribution results showed that angle dispersion index r value was 0.54, the average angle was 357.32^°, and the average angle of Rayleigh’s test Z value was 32.07. The peak day was December 28, and the peak period was from October 25 to March 3 of the following year. The cluster of fever in Pudong New Area was mainly caused by influenza virus. Most cases were single pathogen infection, and some were double pathogen infection. Influenza A virus had the highest detection rate in both single pathogen infection and double pathogen infection. Conclusion Primary schools are the focus of prevention and control of the cluster of fever in Pudong New Area. The epidemic situation of cluster fever has a strong seasonal characteristic, and the peak of incidence is from late October to early March of the next year. Respiratory pathogens such as influenza virus are the main causes of the epidemic situation.

Objective To analyze the disease burden status, trends and possible influencing factors of pancreatic cancer in Chengde of Hebei from 2010 to 2020, in order to provide theoretical basis for the preventionof pancreatic cancer. Methods Using the global burden of disease open database, the incidence rate, mortality, years of life lost (YLL), years of life lost with disability (YLD) and disability adjusted life year (DALY) of pancreatic cancer in the region are obtained,average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated using joinpoint model to test the trend of disease burden change of pancreatic cancer patients from 2010 to 2020. At the same time, the patient characteristics such as hypertension, diabetes and other categorical variables were set as dummy variables, and the risk factors affecting the mortality of patients with pancreatic cancer were analyzed by linear regression. Results In 2010, there were 15 new cases of pancreatic cancer and 13 deaths in Chengde District , Hebei Province. The YLLs caused by pancreatic cancer accounted for 70.67% of DALY. In 2020, there were 160 new cases of pancreatic cancer and 147 deaths in Chengde, Hebei Province. The YLLs caused by pancreatic cancer accounted for 96.02% of DALY. From 2010 to 2020, the incidence of pancreatic cancer increased by 9.79%, and the incidence rate increased by 7.81%, showing an obvious upward trend (APCC =2.20%, P<0.05); The number of deaths increased by 11.38%, and the mortality rate increased by 8.39%, showing an upward trend (APCC=2.81%, P<0.05). In addition, from 2010 to 2020, the DALY caused by pancreatic cancer increased by 20.10%, and the DALY rate increased by 309.41% (APCC=4.83); YLL increased by 7.94% and YLL rate increased by 210.42% (APCC=2.20); At the same time, YLD increased by 5.71% and YLD rate increased by 11.03% (APCC=2.32), showing an upward trend (P<0.05).The results of linear regression showed that diabetes (OR= 1.430,95% CI: 1.192-2.016), BMI > 28.0 and pancreatitis (OR=1.574 , 95% CI: 1.328-3.045) were all risk factors for death of patients with pancreatic cancer (OR>1) . Conclusion From 2010 to 2020, the incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer among local residents in Chengde of Hebei showed an upward trend, and the disease burden was also increasing year by year. The basic diseases of diabetes and chronic pancreatitis increase the death risk and should be protected.

Objective To investigate the accuracy of body mass index (BMI) as the evaluation standard for obesity in Miao adults in Guangxi, to find out the BMI cutoff value suitable for the evaluation standard of adult obesity, and to provide an accurate and reliable reference value for the prevention and treatment of obesity in Miao nationality adults. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, residents aged 18 years or older in the Miao villages in Rongshui Miao Autonomous County, Guangxi, were selected as the research subjects, and their body composition was measured. The percent body fat (PBF) standard was used as the ^“gold standard^” for obesity, and the BMI standard for obesity in Chinese adults was used as the positive screening standard. The accuracy of the BMI standard was evaluated, and the ROC curve analysis was used to determine the optimal BMI cutoff value for obesity in Miao adults. Results The detection rate of obesity of Miao adults in Guangxi by BMI method was lower than that by PBF method (10.3% vs 19.0%, χ²=426.62, P<0.001). The results of reliability evaluation showed that BMI was in good agreement with PBF in judging obesity (Kappa=0.59, P<0.001). BMI as a screening criterion for obesity in Miao adults showed high specificity and low sensitivity, low Yordon index, high positive predictive value and high positive likelihood ratio, and low negative predictive value and high negative likelihood ratio. When the PBF was used as the ^“gold standard^”, BMI had a good diagnostic performance for obesity in Miao adults (AUC=0.959, P<0.001). The optimal BMI cutoff points for obesity in adults of Miao nationality in Guangxi were 25.85 kg/m² and 25.55 kg/m² for men and women, respectively. Conclusion BMI is of great value for the diagnosis of obesity in Miao adults, but it should not be used as an exclusion criterion for obesity. Especially in the case of a small sample size, the risk of misclassification bias is relatively high.