Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) decoction pieces are a core carrier for the inheritance and innovation of TCM, and their quality and safety are critical to public health and the sustainable development of the industry. Conventional quality control models, while having established a well-developed system through long-term practice, still face challenges such as relatively long inspection cycles, insufficient objectivity in characterizing complex traits, and urgent needs for improving the efficiency of integrating multidimensional quality information when confronted with the dual demands of large-scale production and precision quality control. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, machine learning can deeply analyze multidimensional data of the morphology, spectroscopy, and chemical fingerprints of decoction pieces by constructing high-dimensional feature space analysis models, significantly improving the standardization level and decision-making efficiency of quality evaluation. This article reviews the research progress in the application of machine learning in the processing, production, and rapid quality evaluation of TCM decoction pieces. It further analyzes current challenges in technological implementation and proposes potential solutions, offering theoretical and technical references to advance the digital and intelligent transformation of the industry.
Machine Learning ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/standards* ; Quality Control ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; Humans

Objective:To review the applications of key technologies of 5G+helicopter medical rescue and predict future developments. Literature resource and selection Related literature in this field that was published at home and abroad. Literature quotation Forty articles published at home and abroad. Literature synthesis 5G+helicopter medical rescue is a new medical rescue model that integrates airborne 5G network technology, body area network disease awareness technology and 5G air-ground collaborative rapid diagnosis and treatment technology. It can shorten the time and space distance of medical rescue and improve the efficiency. The clinical applications of 5G+helicopter medical rescue, including the development of rescue schemes, daily and disaster scenarios 5G networking schemes, and air-ground collaborative emergency rescue information sharing platforms, have delivered remarkable results in the field of medical rescue. Despite the challenges facing 5G technology such as high cost and inconsistent technical standards, its development will promote innovation and progress in low-airspace helicopter medical rescue and offer more efficient, more accurate and safer rescue services. Conclusions:It is recommended that 5G network be given more weight, the auto-flight technology of helicopters developed, rescue command and dispatch platforms established, rescue personnel better-trained and supervision and safety guarantee be enhanced.

Objective:To review the applications of key technologies of 5G+helicopter medical rescue and predict future developments. Literature resource and selection Related literature in this field that was published at home and abroad. Literature quotation Forty articles published at home and abroad. Literature synthesis 5G+helicopter medical rescue is a new medical rescue model that integrates airborne 5G network technology, body area network disease awareness technology and 5G air-ground collaborative rapid diagnosis and treatment technology. It can shorten the time and space distance of medical rescue and improve the efficiency. The clinical applications of 5G+helicopter medical rescue, including the development of rescue schemes, daily and disaster scenarios 5G networking schemes, and air-ground collaborative emergency rescue information sharing platforms, have delivered remarkable results in the field of medical rescue. Despite the challenges facing 5G technology such as high cost and inconsistent technical standards, its development will promote innovation and progress in low-airspace helicopter medical rescue and offer more efficient, more accurate and safer rescue services. Conclusions:It is recommended that 5G network be given more weight, the auto-flight technology of helicopters developed, rescue command and dispatch platforms established, rescue personnel better-trained and supervision and safety guarantee be enhanced.

Objective To describe the current state of research and future research hotspots through a metrological analysis of the literature in the field of forensic anthropological remains identification re-search.Methods The data retrieved and extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC),the core database of the Web of Science information service platform (hereinafter referred to as "WoS"),was used to analyze the trends and topic changes in research on forensic identification of human re-mains from 1991 to 2022.Network visualisation of publication trends,countries (regions),institutions,authors and topics related to the identification of remains in forensic anthropology was analysed using python 3.9.2 and Gephi 0.10.Results A total of 873 papers written in English in the field of forensic anthropological remains identification research were obtained.The journal with the largest number of publications was Forensic Science International (164 articles).The country (region) with the largest number of published papers was China (90 articles).Katholieke Univ Leuven (Netherlands,21 articles) was the institution with the largest number of publications.Topic analysis revealed that the focus of forensic anthropological remains identification research was sex estimation and age estimation,and the most commonly studied remains were teeth.Conclusion The volume of publications in the field of forensic anthropological remains identification research has a distinct phasing.However,the scope of both international and domestic collaborations remains limited.Traditionally,human remains identifica-tion has primarily relied on key areas such as the pelvis,skull,and teeth.Looking ahead,future re-search will likely focus on the more accurate and efficient identification of multiple skeletal remains through the use of machine learning and deep learning techniques.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Xiaoyao San (XYS), a herbal medicine formula, on exercise capacity and liver mitochondrial metabolomics in a rat model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). METHODS: A total of 24 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (C), CUMS control group (M), Venlafaxine positive treatment group (V), and XYS treatment group (X). Depressive behaviour and exercise capacity of rats were assessed by body weight, sugar-water preference test, open field test, pole test, and rotarod test. The liver mitochondria metabolomics were analyzed by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. TCMSP database and GeneCards database were used to screen XYS for potential targets for depression, and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed. RESULTS: Compared with C group, rats in M group showed significantly lower body weight, sugar water preference rate, number of crossing and rearing in the open field test, climbing down time in the pole test, and retention time on the rotarod test (P < 0.01). The above behaviors and exercise capacity indices were significantly modulated in rats in V and X groups compared with M group (P < 0.05, 0.01). Compared with C group, a total of 18 different metabolites were changed in the liver mitochondria of rats in M group. Nine different metabolites and six metabolic pathways were regulated in the liver mitochondria of rats in X group compared with M group. The results of network pharmacology showed that 88 intersecting targets for depression and XYS were obtained, among which 15 key targets such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF were predicted to be the main differential targets for the treatment of depression. Additionally, a total of 1 553 GO signaling pathways and 181 KEGG signaling pathways were identified, and the main biological pathways were AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and calcium signaling pathway. CONCLUSION XYS treatment could improve depressive symptoms, enhance exercise capacity, positively regulate the changes of mitochondrial metabolites and improve energy metabolism in the liver of depressed rats. These findings suggest that XYS exerts antidepressant effects through multi-target and multi-pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of sulforaphane(SFN)on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins(caspase-3 and caspase-9),in brain tissue of rats with acute carbon monoxide poisoning(ACOP),and to explore the molecular mechanism underlying its intervention in ACOP-induced brain injury.Methods The healthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly assigned to three groups:normal control(NC)group,ACOP group,and SFN group,with 36 rats in each group.An ACOP animal model was established by exposing the rats to carbon monoxide(CO)in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber,while the rats in the NC group were allowed to breathe fresh air.The SFN group received an intraperitoneal injection of SFN 20 mg/kg within 2 hours after poisoning,once daily,until euthanasia.The NC and ACOP groups were injected with an equivalent volume of saline.Rats from each group were sacrificed on days 1,3,and 7 of the intervention to collect brain tissue,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was performed to assess pathological damage in the brain tissue;Nissl staining was used to examine neuronal pathological changes;Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the positive expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the cortical region of the brain.Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)were conducted to measure the protein and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the brain tissue.Results After CO poisoning,brain tissue damage in the ACOP group progressively worsened,with a gradual decrease in the number of Nissl bodies and a gradual increase in the number of positive cells for caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the cortical region of the brain.The protein and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the brain tissue also gradually increased.Compared with the NC group at the same time point,the differences were statistically significant[Nissl bodies:69.33±0.94 vs.91.33±1.25;caspase-3 positive expression(A value):0.149±0.003 vs.0.113±0.004;caspase-9 positive expression(A value):0.178±0.002 vs.0.111±0.010;caspase-3 protein(caspase-3/GAPDH):1.634±0.045 vs.0.844±0.021;caspase-9 protein(caspase-9/GAPDH):1.754±0.024 vs.0.811±0.053;caspase-3 mRNA(2-ΔΔCt):1.718±0.052 vs.1;caspase-9 mRNA(2-ΔΔCt):1.722±0.066 vs.1,all P<0.05).Compared with the ACOP group at the same time point,the brain tissue damage in the SFN group improved,with a significant increase in the number of Nissl bodies(84.67±1.53 vs.69.33±0.94,P<0.05).The number of positive cells for caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the cortical region of the brain decreased significantly(A value:0.126±0.002 vs.0.149±0.003,0.127±0.002 vs.0.178±0.002,both P<0.05).The protein and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the brain tissue were significantly reduced[caspase-3 protein(caspase-3/GAPDH):0.999±0.037 vs.1.634±0.045;caspase-9 protein(caspase-9/GAPDH):0.993±0.040 vs.1.754±0.024;caspase-3 mRNA(2-ΔΔCt):1.120±0.059 vs.1.718±0.052;caspase-9 mRNA(2-ΔΔCt):0.520±0.045 vs.1.722±0.066,all P<0.05].Conclusion SFN partially attenuated ACOP-induced brain injury in rats,potentially by downregulating both protein and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9,thereby reducing cellular apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of sulforaphane(SFN)on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins(caspase-3 and caspase-9),in brain tissue of rats with acute carbon monoxide poisoning(ACOP),and to explore the molecular mechanism underlying its intervention in ACOP-induced brain injury.Methods The healthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly assigned to three groups:normal control(NC)group,ACOP group,and SFN group,with 36 rats in each group.An ACOP animal model was established by exposing the rats to carbon monoxide(CO)in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber,while the rats in the NC group were allowed to breathe fresh air.The SFN group received an intraperitoneal injection of SFN 20 mg/kg within 2 hours after poisoning,once daily,until euthanasia.The NC and ACOP groups were injected with an equivalent volume of saline.Rats from each group were sacrificed on days 1,3,and 7 of the intervention to collect brain tissue,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was performed to assess pathological damage in the brain tissue;Nissl staining was used to examine neuronal pathological changes;Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the positive expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the cortical region of the brain.Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)were conducted to measure the protein and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the brain tissue.Results After CO poisoning,brain tissue damage in the ACOP group progressively worsened,with a gradual decrease in the number of Nissl bodies and a gradual increase in the number of positive cells for caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the cortical region of the brain.The protein and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the brain tissue also gradually increased.Compared with the NC group at the same time point,the differences were statistically significant[Nissl bodies:69.33±0.94 vs.91.33±1.25;caspase-3 positive expression(A value):0.149±0.003 vs.0.113±0.004;caspase-9 positive expression(A value):0.178±0.002 vs.0.111±0.010;caspase-3 protein(caspase-3/GAPDH):1.634±0.045 vs.0.844±0.021;caspase-9 protein(caspase-9/GAPDH):1.754±0.024 vs.0.811±0.053;caspase-3 mRNA(2-ΔΔCt):1.718±0.052 vs.1;caspase-9 mRNA(2-ΔΔCt):1.722±0.066 vs.1,all P<0.05).Compared with the ACOP group at the same time point,the brain tissue damage in the SFN group improved,with a significant increase in the number of Nissl bodies(84.67±1.53 vs.69.33±0.94,P<0.05).The number of positive cells for caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the cortical region of the brain decreased significantly(A value:0.126±0.002 vs.0.149±0.003,0.127±0.002 vs.0.178±0.002,both P<0.05).The protein and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the brain tissue were significantly reduced[caspase-3 protein(caspase-3/GAPDH):0.999±0.037 vs.1.634±0.045;caspase-9 protein(caspase-9/GAPDH):0.993±0.040 vs.1.754±0.024;caspase-3 mRNA(2-ΔΔCt):1.120±0.059 vs.1.718±0.052;caspase-9 mRNA(2-ΔΔCt):0.520±0.045 vs.1.722±0.066,all P<0.05].Conclusion SFN partially attenuated ACOP-induced brain injury in rats,potentially by downregulating both protein and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9,thereby reducing cellular apoptosis.

Objective - To establish a new non exposed intratracheal instillation method for establishing a rat silicosis model. Methods ， The specific pathogen free SD rats were randomly divided into control group and experimental group with ten rats in ， each group. Rats in the control group were given 1.0 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution and rats in the experimental group - were given 1.0 mL of silica suspension with a mass concentration of 50 g/L adopting to the one time intratracheal instillation ， - ， method and then followed by ventilator assisted ventilation immediately. When the tidal volume stabilized at 2.0 mL the ventilator was removed and the tracheal intubation was pulled out. Five rats in each group were sacrificed after two and four ， - Results weeks after modeling and hematoxylin eosin staining and Masson staining of lung tissue were performed. There was ， ， no death in the two groups of rats during the experiment. After two and four weeks the control group had normal lung structure ， ， ， normal alveolar cavity size no inflammatory cell infiltration thin alveolar wall only a small amount of collagen distribution ， around the lung interstitium and bronchus. At the second week of modeling the alveolar wall of the rats in the experimental ， ， ， group was slightly thickened interstitial lymphocytes and macrophages were infiltrated slight hyperplasia was found and a ， small amount of fibroblasts were visible. At the 4th week of modeling the alveolar wall of the rats in the experimental group was ， ， ， ， significantly thickened fibrous nodules were formed and fibroblasts fibrocytes collagen fibers were significantly increased. Conclusion - The combination of ventilator and non exposed intratracheal instillation method can be used to successfully ， ， . establish a rat silicosis model which is simple safe and effective