Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) combined with sodium hyaluronate solution for facial microdroplet injection in improving facial skin photoaging.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. From January to July 2024, patients with facial photoaging problems were recruited from the Plastic Surgery Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and randomly divided into a monotherapy group (sodium hyaluronate solution droplet injection) and a combination therapy group (BTX-A + sodium hyaluronate solution droplet injection) by hierarchical block randomization method. The treatment regimen was 3 months, with one treatment for each month, with a total of 3 treatment. The combination therapy group only used a combination therapy of two drugs (BTX-A 25 U+ 5 ml sodium hyaluronate solution) during the first injection. During the three treatments of the monotherapy group and the second and third treatments of the combination therapy group, 5 ml of sodium hyaluronate solution was injected as the solo ingredient. Follow up was conducted at 1, 2, and 4 months after the last treatment. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were detected by test kit. Five skin texture indicators (moisture content, transepidermal water loss rate, elasticity, glossiness, and pH) were evaluated using the German CK skin tester. VISIA skin detector was used for facial two-dimensional photography and skin condition analysis. Clinical efficacy (significant improvement, obvious improvement, improvement, no improvement) and global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) scores on a 5-point scale were recorded. Patient satisfaction levels (very satisfied, satisfied, and dissatisfied) were investigated. The data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 software. Count data was presented as examples and(or) percentages, and analyzed using a chi-square test. Normal distribution measurement data was represented by Mean±SD and analyzed using t-test. Results:A total of 100 patients were included, with 50 cases in each group. There were 17 males and 33 females in the monotherapy group, with an age of (31.3±7.1) years, and there were 5, 14, 29 and 2 patients in the Ⅰ to Ⅳ types of Glogau skin photoaging classification, respectively. There were 15 males and 35 females in the combination therapy group, with an age of (32.1±8.4) years old, and there were 4, 15, 27 and 4 patients in the Ⅰ to Ⅳ types of Glogau skin photoaging classification, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in gender composition, age, and Glogau skin photoaging classification between the two groups (all P>0.05). One month after the first treatment, both groups showed an increase in SOD activity and a decrease in MDA levels, with more significant changes observed in the combination therapy group ( P<0.01 for both). At the follow-up of 1, 2, and 4 months after the last treatment, the combination therapy group outperformed the monotherapy group in all 5 skin texture indicators (all P<0.05). One month after the last treatment, the total effective rate of the combination therapy group was 76.0% (38/50), which were significantly higher than that of the monotherapy group’s 50.0% (25/50) ( P<0.05); in addition, the combination therapy group showed significant advantages in facial aesthetic GAIS scores, as well as patient satisfaction, with a satisfaction rate of up to 98.0% (49/50), which was higher than the 88.0% (44/50) of the monotherapy group ( P<0.01). Throughout the entire treatment process, neither group experienced serious adverse reactions. Conclusion:Facial microdroplet injection of BTX-A combined with sodium hyaluronate solution effectively improves symptoms of facial skin photoaging, enhancing skin hydration and elasticity, reducing transepidermal water loss, improving skin gloss, regulating skin pH, and enhancing skin antioxidant capacity, ultimately achieving facial skin rejuvenation. This method is safe, effective and holds high clinical relevence and patient satisfaction.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) combined with sodium hyaluronate solution for facial microdroplet injection in improving facial skin photoaging.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. From January to July 2024, patients with facial photoaging problems were recruited from the Plastic Surgery Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and randomly divided into a monotherapy group (sodium hyaluronate solution droplet injection) and a combination therapy group (BTX-A + sodium hyaluronate solution droplet injection) by hierarchical block randomization method. The treatment regimen was 3 months, with one treatment for each month, with a total of 3 treatment. The combination therapy group only used a combination therapy of two drugs (BTX-A 25 U+ 5 ml sodium hyaluronate solution) during the first injection. During the three treatments of the monotherapy group and the second and third treatments of the combination therapy group, 5 ml of sodium hyaluronate solution was injected as the solo ingredient. Follow up was conducted at 1, 2, and 4 months after the last treatment. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were detected by test kit. Five skin texture indicators (moisture content, transepidermal water loss rate, elasticity, glossiness, and pH) were evaluated using the German CK skin tester. VISIA skin detector was used for facial two-dimensional photography and skin condition analysis. Clinical efficacy (significant improvement, obvious improvement, improvement, no improvement) and global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) scores on a 5-point scale were recorded. Patient satisfaction levels (very satisfied, satisfied, and dissatisfied) were investigated. The data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 software. Count data was presented as examples and(or) percentages, and analyzed using a chi-square test. Normal distribution measurement data was represented by Mean±SD and analyzed using t-test. Results:A total of 100 patients were included, with 50 cases in each group. There were 17 males and 33 females in the monotherapy group, with an age of (31.3±7.1) years, and there were 5, 14, 29 and 2 patients in the Ⅰ to Ⅳ types of Glogau skin photoaging classification, respectively. There were 15 males and 35 females in the combination therapy group, with an age of (32.1±8.4) years old, and there were 4, 15, 27 and 4 patients in the Ⅰ to Ⅳ types of Glogau skin photoaging classification, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in gender composition, age, and Glogau skin photoaging classification between the two groups (all P>0.05). One month after the first treatment, both groups showed an increase in SOD activity and a decrease in MDA levels, with more significant changes observed in the combination therapy group ( P<0.01 for both). At the follow-up of 1, 2, and 4 months after the last treatment, the combination therapy group outperformed the monotherapy group in all 5 skin texture indicators (all P<0.05). One month after the last treatment, the total effective rate of the combination therapy group was 76.0% (38/50), which were significantly higher than that of the monotherapy group’s 50.0% (25/50) ( P<0.05); in addition, the combination therapy group showed significant advantages in facial aesthetic GAIS scores, as well as patient satisfaction, with a satisfaction rate of up to 98.0% (49/50), which was higher than the 88.0% (44/50) of the monotherapy group ( P<0.01). Throughout the entire treatment process, neither group experienced serious adverse reactions. Conclusion:Facial microdroplet injection of BTX-A combined with sodium hyaluronate solution effectively improves symptoms of facial skin photoaging, enhancing skin hydration and elasticity, reducing transepidermal water loss, improving skin gloss, regulating skin pH, and enhancing skin antioxidant capacity, ultimately achieving facial skin rejuvenation. This method is safe, effective and holds high clinical relevence and patient satisfaction.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks,and to provide a basis for early identification of BPD in twin preterm infants in clinical practice.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks who were admitted to 22 hospitals nationwide from January 2018 to December 2020.According to their conditions,they were divided into group A(both twins had BPD),group B(only one twin had BPD),and group C(neither twin had BPD).The risk factors for BPD in twin preterm infants were analyzed.Further analysis was conducted on group B to investigate the postnatal risk factors for BPD within twins.Results A total of 904 pairs of twins with a gestational age of<34 weeks were included in this study.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with group C,birth weight discordance of>25%between the twins was an independent risk factor for BPD in one of the twins(OR=3.370,95%CI:1.500-7.568,P<0.05),and high gestational age at birth was a protective factor against BPD(P<0.05).The conditional logistic regression analysis of group B showed that small-for-gestational-age(SGA)birth was an independent risk factor for BPD in individual twins(OR=5.017,95%CI:1.040-24.190,P<0.05).Conclusions The development of BPD in twin preterm infants is associated with gestational age,birth weight discordance between the twins,and SGA birth.

Hie high altitude hypoxic environment affects the pharmacokinetic process of rlnjgs by changing the body's gastrointestinal emptying rate, organ blood flow, drug plasma protein binding rate, dnjg metabolizing enzymes and transporter expression.Epilepsy is a brain disease that requires long-term medication.Most anti-epileptic drugs have a low therapeutic index and a narrow range of effective blood drug concentrations.'Ilierapeu- tic dnjg monitoring (TDM) is commonly used clinically to find the best individualized medication method for antiepileptic dnjgs.rI1iis article summarizes the commonly used anti-epileptic dnjgs and their treatment windows in clinical practice, and analyzes the influence of the pharmacokinetics of anti-epileptic dnjgs in the high altitude hypoxic environment, so as to provide reference for the clinical use of anti-epileptic drugs at high altitude.

Toxoplasma gondiiis an important zoonotic pathogen and its infection has a significant impact on human health and animal husbandry. This review presents the research progresses in the epidemic, genotype, pathogenicity, diagnosis, treatment and vaccine development of Toxoplasma and toxoplasmosis in China, so as to provide the reference for the study of the pathogen and the disease in the country.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness and adverse effects of Cyberknife stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) on liver metastases from PCa. METHODS: From June 2009 to September 2016, we treated 20 cases of PCa liver metastases by Cyberknife SBRT, at a total dose of 36 (30－50) Gy, on 1－3 liver metastatic lesions, for 3－5 times, with a prescription isodose line of 70－92%. We assessed the therapeutic effect according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST), calculated the survival and disease-control rates using the Kaplan-Meier method, and analyzed the adverse events based on the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events－Version 4.0 (CTCAE 4.0). RESULTS: Of all the cases treated, complete response (CR) was found in 8 (40.0%), partial response (PR) in 9 (45.0%), stable disease (SD) in 2 (10.0%), and progressive disease (PD) in 1 (5.0%), with a local control rate (CR+PR) of 85.0% and a disease-control rate (CR+PR+SD) of 95.0%. Among the 14 patients with elevated PSA, 10 (71.4%) showed a significant decrease after treatment. The median follow-up time was 17 months, the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 85.0% and 15.0%, respectively, and the median survival time of the 20 patients was 16.5 months (95% CI: 12.12－22.88). Cyberknife SBRT was well tolerated in all the patients, with only a few mild adverse events (mainly grades 1 and 2 but no 4 and 5) during the whole course of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Cyberknife SBRT is safe and effective in the treatment of PCa liver metastases, with a high local control rate, and capable of reducing the PSA level and raising the long-term survival rate of the patients.

Objective To explore the association of genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) with cervicitis, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and carcinoma in situ of cervix. Methods A total of 464 patients with cervical biology admitted to Hefei women and child health care hospital from October, 2014 to October, 2015 were selected. Among them, there were 242 cases of cervicitis, 222 cases of CIN (76 of group Ⅰ, 71 of group Ⅱ, and 66 of group Ⅲ), and 9 cases of cervical cancer. Hybrid chip technology was used to detect cervical secretions of patients, and 21 kinds of HPV DNA were typed according to histopathological biopsy. Results The HPV infection was found in 464 patients with cervical lesions. Among them, 354 cases (76.3%) had HPV infection with 232 cases (65.5%) of single HPV infection and 122 cases (34.5%) of multiple infections included. The rate of HPV infection was 64.9% in the group of cervicitis, while the rate was 86.8% in group I of CIN and in group II of CIN, the rate of HPV infection was 87.3%. Surprisingly, the HPV infection rate in group III of CIN was as high as 90.9%. The infection rate of HPV in the patients with CIN was significantly higher than those with cervicitis (P<0.001). All patients with cervical cancer were infected with HPV. Conclusions Persistent infection of high-risk HPV subtypes increases the hazard of cervical tumor and CIN. Therefore, genotyping of HPV DNA is helpful for screening and prediction of cervical cancer.