Linxian County in Henan Province, Northern China is known as the region with the highest incidence and mortality rate of esophageal cancer worldwide. Since 1959, the Henan medical team has conducted field work on esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian. Through three generations of effort exerted by oncologists over 65 years of research on esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian, the incidence rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in this area has dropped by nearly 50%, and the 5-year survival rate has increased to 40%, reaching the international leading level. This article aims to summarize the history, present opportunities and new challenges, and explore the experience of esophageal cancer prevention and treatment in Linxian (referred to as the “Linxian experience”), providing reference and guidance to cancer prevention and treatment research in China.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the ethnic origin of Chuanqing people, one of the largest unidentified ethnic groups in Guizhou, China, and analyze its genetic relationships with surrounding populations. METHODS: Based on a self-developed microhaplotype system, we conducted genotyping and analyzed the genetic distribution of microhaplotype loci and their forensic applicability in Chuanqing population in Guizhou Province. Using the microhaplotype data from different intercontinental populations and previously reported data from Han population living in Guizhou Province, we systematically investigated the genetic background of Chuanqing people through population genetic approaches, including genetic distance estimation, principal component analysis, and phylogenetic tree construction. RESULTS: Among the studied population, the number of haplotype per microhaplotype ranged from 6 to 25. The average expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho), power of discrimination (PD), and probability of exclusion (PE) were 0.8291, 0.8301, 0.9387, and 0.6593, respectively. The cumulative power of discrimination (CPD) and cumulative probability of exclusion (CPE) for these 33 loci were 1-2.62×10^-41 and 1-7.64×10^-17, respectively. Population genetic analyses revealed that the Chuanqing population had close genetic relationships with the East Asian populations, especially the local Guizhou Han population, Beijing Han population and the Han populations living in southern China. CONCLUSIONS The 33 microhaplotypes exhibit high levels of genetic diversity in the Guizhou Chuanqing population, highlighting their potentials for both forensic identification and parentage testing. The Han populations might have contributed a significant amount of genetic material to the Chuanqing population during the formation and development of the latter.
Humans ; China/ethnology* ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Phylogeny ; East Asian People/genetics*

Based on the species-specific peptides of Pheretima and its common counterfeit (Metaphire magna), an identification method was established using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for quality evaluation of Pheretima and its preparations. Separation was performed on a CORTECS T3 C18 column with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phases. Mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using ESI⁺ mode was used to simultaneously monitor three ion pairs. The results indicated that the method was specific and could distinguish Guang Dilong, Hu Dilong, and M. magna, which were consistent with those of DNA barcode identification. The adulteration test showed that the LOD of peptide M was 1 μg·g^-1. Peptide M could be detected when 1% M. magna was added to Guang Dilong, indicating the high sensitivity of the method. Fifty-four batches of commercially available samples contained 35% Guang Dilong, 35% Hu Dilong, and 15% M. magna. No ions were detected in 15% of the samples, and DNA barcode identification revealed that they were mainly from Amynthas, with similar appearance to Hu Dilong. The analysis results of the formulation showed that no peptide ions were detected in 3 batches of Xiaohuoluo pills (3/6) and M. magna were detected in 2 batches of Shenjindan capsules (2/4). The developed method in the study has good specificity, sensitivity, and feasibility, and could be used for quality control of Pheretima and its related preparations. It is of great significance for improving quality standards and regulating the medicinal market of Pheretima.

Type Ⅵ secretion system(T6SS)is a lethal weapon that releases effectors in direct contact to kill eukaryotic predators or prokaryotic competitors.T6SS is of great significance in bacterial environmental adaptability,pathogenicity,and gene horizontal transfer.T6SS has been identified in about 25％of Gram-negative bacteria.Because of its widespread existence,T6SS is considered the key factor of ecological competition.T6SS effectors exerting biological functions have high diversity and do not have conserved sequences,and the regulatory mechanisms involved are complex.Therefore,it is a hot and difficult topic in T6SS research.Vibrio fluvialis(V.fluvialis)as a newly emerging foodborne pathogen,has unique characteristics in the quantity,composition,and physiological function of T6SS,which is related to its wide environmental adaptability and pathoge-nicity.This article mainly reviews the research progress of V.fluvialis T6SS,including its composition,structure,functional activity,and regulatory mechanism.

Objective:To compare the efficacy between Kirschner wire and clavicular hook plate in the fixation of distal clavicle fractures in older children.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 28 pediatric patients with distal clavicle fracture who had undergone surgical treatment at Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second General Hospital of Fuzhou from December 2014 to December 2023. There were 20 boys and 8 girls. Age: 10.0 (9.0, 12.8) years old; 22 left sides and 6 right sides; by the Craig modified Neer classification: 22 cases of type Ⅱ, 5 cases of type Ⅳ, and 1 case of type Ⅴ. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on their internal fixation methods. The Kirschner wire group of 12 cases were treated with open reduction and Kirschner wire fixation; the hook plate group of 16 cases were treated with open reduction and clavicular hook plate fixation. Operation time, hospital stay, fracture healing time, incidence of complications, and scores at the final follow-up (the Constant-Murley shoulder function score, quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (quickDASH) score, and visual analog scale (VAS) for aesthetic satisfaction) were recorded and compared between the 2 groups.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline data between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). The postoperative follow-up period for the 28 patients was (14.8±6.5) months. The operation time in the Kirschner wire group [(34.3±12.1) min] was significantly shorter than that in the hook plate group [(49.4±16.8) min] ( P<0.05), and the VAS score for aesthetic satisfaction at the final follow-up in the Kirschner wire group [(8.2±1.1) points] was significantly higher than that in the hook plate group [(6.2±2.6) points] ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of fracture healing time, hospital stay, incidence of complications, or Constant-Murley score and quickDASH score at the final follow-up ( P>0.05). Conclusions:For pediatric patients with distal clavicle fracture, both Kirschner wire fixation and clavicular hook plate fixation can achieve good functional outcomes. However, Kirschner wire fixation has advantages of shorter operation time, higher postoperative aesthetic satisfaction, and no need of a secondary surgery for implant removal.

Objective:To investigate the morphological and ultrastructural differences between normal and round-headed sperm and the outcomes of assisted reproduction in patients with partial globozoospermia.Methods:We collected clinical information and semen samples from 6 cases of partial globozoospermia confirmed in our hosptials from March 2023 to March 2024,performed Diff-Quik staining of the samples,observed the sperm morphology under the light microscope and transmission electron microscope,compared the ultrastructures between round-headed and normal spermatozoa,and analyzed the clinical outcomes of assisted reproduction in the pa-tients.Results:Under the light microscope,the the round-headed sperm had no acrosomal structure,some with tail abnormalities;while under the transmission electron microscope,they exhibited dissolved plasma membrane,acrosomal absence,small acrosomes,nucleoplasmic granulation,huge central vacuoles,swelling,absence or irregular arrangement of mitochondria in the neck,and disor-ganized or missed 9+2 microtubules in the tail.All the 6 patients underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI),and 1 of them achieved pregnancy.Conclusion:The sperm organelle is morphologically damaged and ultrastructurally abnormal in some patients with partial globozoospermia,which may be a key factor for their infertility,and ICSI can help some of them to achieve fertility.

Aim To investigate the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on sodium palmitate induced fibrosis in human glomerullar mesangial cells (HMCs) and its mechanism. Methods (1) HMCs were treated with different concentrations of PA for 24 h, the intracellular lipid accumulation was observed by oil red staining, and the intracellular ROS production was detected by H2DCFDA kit; (2) HMCs were divided into control, PA (160 μmol·L

Objective To explore the efficacy and postoperative complications of transnasal en-doscopic low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of children with snoring.Methods Clinical materials of 278 children with snoring were analyzed retrospectively,and they were divided into control group(n=128)and observation group(n=150)according to different op-eration methods.The control group was treated with adenoidectomy and bilateral tonsillectomy,while the observation group was treated with transnasal endoscopic low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation.Perioperative indicators,the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)score,inflammatory factors[tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-4(IL-4)and interleukin-8(IL-8)],stress response indicators[malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione(GSH)],venti-lation function indicators[apnea hyponea index(AHI),oxygen desaturation index(ODI),the lon-gest apnea time(LAT)and nocturnal lowest blood oxygen saturation(LSaO2)],the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)score and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results In the observation group,the operation time,symptom relief time and hospital stay were significantly shorter than those in the control group,while the intraoperative bleeding volume was significantly less than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The VAS scores of the observation group at 6,24,48 and 72 h after operation were significantly lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).At 3 days after operation,serum TNF-α,IL-4 and IL-8 levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05);at 24 hours after operation,serum MDA level in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,while the levels of SOD and GSH were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05);at 6 months after operation,AHI,ODI and LAT in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,while the LSaO2 was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05);at 6 months after surgery,the PSQI score and incidence of complications in the observa-tion group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Tran-snasal endoscopic low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation can reduce the levels of inflamma-tory factors,alleviate stress response,improve ventilation function,improve quality of sleep in chil-dren with snoring,and its safety is relatively high.

Objective To explore the efficacy and postoperative complications of transnasal en-doscopic low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of children with snoring.Methods Clinical materials of 278 children with snoring were analyzed retrospectively,and they were divided into control group(n=128)and observation group(n=150)according to different op-eration methods.The control group was treated with adenoidectomy and bilateral tonsillectomy,while the observation group was treated with transnasal endoscopic low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation.Perioperative indicators,the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)score,inflammatory factors[tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-4(IL-4)and interleukin-8(IL-8)],stress response indicators[malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione(GSH)],venti-lation function indicators[apnea hyponea index(AHI),oxygen desaturation index(ODI),the lon-gest apnea time(LAT)and nocturnal lowest blood oxygen saturation(LSaO2)],the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)score and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results In the observation group,the operation time,symptom relief time and hospital stay were significantly shorter than those in the control group,while the intraoperative bleeding volume was significantly less than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The VAS scores of the observation group at 6,24,48 and 72 h after operation were significantly lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).At 3 days after operation,serum TNF-α,IL-4 and IL-8 levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05);at 24 hours after operation,serum MDA level in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,while the levels of SOD and GSH were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05);at 6 months after operation,AHI,ODI and LAT in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,while the LSaO2 was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05);at 6 months after surgery,the PSQI score and incidence of complications in the observa-tion group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Tran-snasal endoscopic low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation can reduce the levels of inflamma-tory factors,alleviate stress response,improve ventilation function,improve quality of sleep in chil-dren with snoring,and its safety is relatively high.

Objective: To analyze the course of disease and epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 and provide evidence for making prevention and control strategies. Methods: To display the distribution of course of disease of the infectors who had close contacts with COVID-19 cases from January 1 to March 15, 2020 in Guangdong Provincial, the models of Lognormal, Weibull and gamma distribution were applied. A descriptive analysis was conducted on the basic characteristics and epidemiological parameters of course of disease. Results: In total, 515 of 11 580 close contacts were infected, with an attack rate about 4.4%, including 449 confirmed cases and 66 asymptomatic cases. Lognormal distribution was fitting best for latent period, incubation period, pre-symptomatic infection period of confirmed cases and infection period of asymptomatic cases; Gamma distribution was fitting best for infectious period and clinical symptom period of confirmed cases; Weibull distribution was fitting best for latent period of asymptomatic cases. The latent period, incubation period, pre-symptomatic infection period, infectious period and clinical symptoms period of confirmed cases were 4.50 (95%CI:3.86-5.13) days, 5.12 (95%CI:4.63-5.62) days, 0.87 (95%CI:0.67-1.07) days, 11.89 (95%CI:9.81-13.98) days and 22.00 (95%CI:21.24-22.77) days, respectively. The latent period and infectious period of asymptomatic cases were 8.88 (95%CI:6.89-10.86) days and 6.18 (95%CI:1.89-10.47) days, respectively. Conclusion: The estimated course of COVID-19 and related epidemiological parameters are similar to the existing data.
COVID-19 ; Cohort Studies ; Contact Tracing ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prospective Studies