OBJECTIVE: Several epidemiological observational studies have related particulate matter (PM) exposure to Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but many confounding factors make it difficult to draw causal links from observational studies. The objective of this study was to explore the causal association between PM _2.5 exposure, its absorbance, and IBD. METHODS: We assessed the association of PM _2.5 and PM _2.5 absorbance with the two primary forms of IBD (Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC]) using Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the causal relationship. We conducted two-sample MR analyses with aggregated data from the UK Biobank genome-wide association study. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms linked with PM _2.5 concentrations or their absorbance were used as instrumental variables (IVs). We used inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the primary analytical approach and four other standard methods as supplementary analyses for quality control. RESULTS: The results of MR demonstrated that PM _2.5 had an adverse influence on UC risk (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.010; 95% confidence interval [ CI] = 1.001-1.019, P = 0.020). Meanwhile, the results of IVW showed that PM _2.5 absorbance was also causally associated with UC ( OR = 1.012; 95% CI = 1.004-1.019, P = 0.002). We observed no causal relationship between PM _2.5, PM _2.5 absorbance, and CD. The results of sensitivity analysis indicated the absence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy, ensuring the reliability of MR results. CONCLUSION Based on two-sample MR analyses, there are potential positive causal relationships between PM _2.5, PM _2.5 absorbance, and UC.
Humans ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/genetics* ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Crohn Disease/genetics* ; Colitis, Ulcerative/genetics* ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Risk Factors ; Environmental Exposure

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

AIM To analyze the component composition of Xeriga-4 Powder,and to determine the contents of phellodendrine,chlorogenic acid,gardenoside,berberine,rutin and curcumin.METHODS The high performance liquid chromatography-Q-exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry(HPLC-Q-Exactive-MS)qualitative analysis was performed on a 35℃thermostatic Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq column(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of methanol-0.1%formic acid flowing at 0.35 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and electron spray ionization source was adopted in positive and negative ion scanning.High performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS)quantitative analysis was performed on a 35℃thermostatic Shim-pack GIST-HP C18 column(2.1 mm×100 mm,3 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of methanol-0.1%formic acid flowing at 0.25 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and electron spray ionization source was adopted in positive and negative ion scanning with multiple reaction monitoring mode.RESULTS Total 65 constituents were identified,containing 19 alkaloids,13 organic acids,13 flavonoids,7 curcumins,6 iridoids,4 fatty acids,2 aldehydes,and 1 amino acid.Six constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r≥0.999 1),whose average recoveries were 96.44%-102.37%with the RSDs of 2.05%-3.74%.CONCLUSION This study can provide a reference for the quality control for Xieriga-4 Powder.

This study adopted the policy text analysis method,review the historical background of the enactment,aimed to comparatively analyze the international pharmaceutical trade policies of the BRICS countries.The main objectives of the BRICS countries'international pharmaceutical trade policies included ensuring stable and accessible drug supply,expanding exports of domestic products and creating a favorable political environment.For these purposes,Brazil,Russia,and South Africa all ensure drug supply through substantial imports.However,they have also taken measures such as compulsory patent licensing and promoting localization of production by foreign companies to reduce import dependence.India,on the other hand,protects its domestic industry by resisting drug imports to ensure drug supply while simultaneously promoting the export of pharmaceutical products.China continually optimizes approval and data monitoring procedures to align with international standards,creating a favorable trade environment and expanding exports.China should further refine its international pharmaceutical trade policies while ensuring the autonomy of domestic drug research and supply,fostering stronger collaboration within BRICS nations and promoting global access to public healthcare products.

Objectives:To evaluate the association between estimated pulse wave velocity(ePWV)and risk of new-onset diabetes. Methods:A total of 82 440 employees without prior diabetes who participated in the health examination from July 2006 to October 2007 were selected as the observation cohort,participants were followed-up for a mean of(13.19±3.73)years.The study population was divided into four groups according to the ePWV quartiles:group Q1(ePWV<12.35 m/s,n=20 610),group Q2(12.35 m/s≤ePWV<13.74 m/s,n=20 610),group Q3(13.74 m/s≤ePWV<15.16 m/s,n=20 611),and group Q4(ePWV≥15.16 m/s,n=20 609).ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of ePWV for new-onset diabetes.The incidence density of diabetes in each group was calculated.After adjustment for the traditional cardiovascular risk factors(including sex,smoking,drinking,exercise,education level,family history of cardiovascular disease,history of myocardial infarction,history of stroke,body mass index,total cholesterol,fasting blood glucose,uric acid and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein),multivariate Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association between ePWV and risk of new-onset diabetes. Results:The area under the ROC curve of ePWV was 0.60 in the prediction of new-onset diabetes,and the optimal cut-offvalue was 12.78 m/s.With the increase of ePWV quartile,the incidence density of diabetes showed an increasing trend,which was 5.84/1 000 person years,12.04/1 000 person years,15.70/1 000 person years and 16.87/1 000 person years,respectively.After adjusting for the traditional cardiovascular risk factors,the risk of new onset diabetes increased by 9%(HR=1.09,95%CI:1.08-1.11,P<0.01)for each 1 m/s increase in ePWV.Subgroup analysis showed that higher ePWV was significantly associated with increased risk of new-onset diabetes regardless of presence or absence of cardiovascular risk factors,male or female,and age<51 years or age≥51 years,with the HR(95%CI)values of 1.07(1.05-1.08)and 1.21(1.08-1.36),1.07(1.06-1.09)and 1.17(1.15-1.20),1.22(1.19-1.24)and 1.06(1.04-1.07). Conclusions:ePWV has a certain predictive value for new-onset diabetes and is an independent risk factor for new-onset diabetes.

Objective: To explore the drug resistance of Isolated From Blood Culture Escherichia coli (E. coli) in a hospital in Qinghai over the past seven years, to evaluate the ability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to analyze the homologous origin of E. coli, and to establish a protein fingerprint library to match with it, adjuvant clinical experience medication so as to provide the basis for the prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections. Methods: Retrospective analysis of blood cultures sent to hospitals from January 2016 to December 2022. Drug resistance and resistance changes in E. coli.A total of 1 841 E. coli strains were isolated from Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital from January 2016 to December 2022; all strains were identified by MALDI-TOF MS, and the VITEK2.0 drug sensitivity analyzer was applied for drug sensitivity analysis of the strains, and the mass spectrometry homology analysis and self-constructed protein fingerprint library were carried out by MALDI-Biotyper software; the protein fingerprint library was built by using WHONET5.6 software was used to statistically analyze the drug sensitivity results, SPSS23.0 software was used to analyze the relationship between fingerprint typing and drug sensitivity, and the χ² test was used for intergroup comparisons. Results: A total of 1 841 strains of E. coli were detected in 4 582 positive blood culture specimens from January 2016 to December 2022, with a detection rate of 40.17%; the resistance rate of E. coli from blood sources to piperacillin/tazobactam and ceftriaxone was on the rise, and it was slightly decreased to cefepime, amikacin, levofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole, and there was not much change to the rest of the drugs; After MALDI-Biotyper clustering analysis, the 1841 E. coli strains from Isolated From Blood Culture were classified into two major clusters and five subtypes, of which type Ⅰa1 accounted for about 40%, type Ⅰa2 accounted for about 2.7%, type Ⅰb accounted for about 3.8, type Ⅱa accounted for about 46%, and type Ⅱb accounted for about 7.5%. The detection rate of type Ⅰa1 E. coli was higher in general surgery (50.45%) and emergency surgery (50.92%), and the detection rate of type Ⅰb E. coli was higher in emergency medicine(10.05%)than in other departments. The drug sensitivity results of different subtypes were compared with each other, the resistance rate of type Ⅰa1 E. coli to cefepime was 21.3% higher than that of the remaining four types, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=37.74,P=0.000); the resistance rate of type Ⅱ E. coli(>60%) to sulfamethoxazole was higher than that of type Ⅰ (<60%) as a whole, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=15.248,P=0.004); and a preliminary database of homologous protein fingerprints of E. coli has been established E. coli homologous protein fingerprint library and validated. The drug susceptibility results of 1 288 E. coli strains in the validation set were statistically analyzed and compared with those in the training set. There was no significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusion: In recent years, the resistance rate of E. coli isolated from a hospital in Qinghai province to piperacillin/Tazobactam, cefepime, amicacin and other antibiotics has changed greatly. A fingerprint database of E. coli homologous protein was established, and it was found that the drug sensitivity data of E. coli were different among different fingerprint types. According to drug sensitivity, drug use could assist clinical experience and provide evidence for prevention and control of hospital illness.
Humans ; Blood Culture ; Escherichia coli ; Cefepime ; Retrospective Studies ; Drug Resistance ; Sulfamethoxazole ; Piperacillin ; Tazobactam

Objective: To explore the drug resistance of Isolated From Blood Culture Escherichia coli (E. coli) in a hospital in Qinghai over the past seven years, to evaluate the ability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to analyze the homologous origin of E. coli, and to establish a protein fingerprint library to match with it, adjuvant clinical experience medication so as to provide the basis for the prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections. Methods: Retrospective analysis of blood cultures sent to hospitals from January 2016 to December 2022. Drug resistance and resistance changes in E. coli.A total of 1 841 E. coli strains were isolated from Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital from January 2016 to December 2022; all strains were identified by MALDI-TOF MS, and the VITEK2.0 drug sensitivity analyzer was applied for drug sensitivity analysis of the strains, and the mass spectrometry homology analysis and self-constructed protein fingerprint library were carried out by MALDI-Biotyper software; the protein fingerprint library was built by using WHONET5.6 software was used to statistically analyze the drug sensitivity results, SPSS23.0 software was used to analyze the relationship between fingerprint typing and drug sensitivity, and the χ² test was used for intergroup comparisons. Results: A total of 1 841 strains of E. coli were detected in 4 582 positive blood culture specimens from January 2016 to December 2022, with a detection rate of 40.17%; the resistance rate of E. coli from blood sources to piperacillin/tazobactam and ceftriaxone was on the rise, and it was slightly decreased to cefepime, amikacin, levofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole, and there was not much change to the rest of the drugs; After MALDI-Biotyper clustering analysis, the 1841 E. coli strains from Isolated From Blood Culture were classified into two major clusters and five subtypes, of which type Ⅰa1 accounted for about 40%, type Ⅰa2 accounted for about 2.7%, type Ⅰb accounted for about 3.8, type Ⅱa accounted for about 46%, and type Ⅱb accounted for about 7.5%. The detection rate of type Ⅰa1 E. coli was higher in general surgery (50.45%) and emergency surgery (50.92%), and the detection rate of type Ⅰb E. coli was higher in emergency medicine(10.05%)than in other departments. The drug sensitivity results of different subtypes were compared with each other, the resistance rate of type Ⅰa1 E. coli to cefepime was 21.3% higher than that of the remaining four types, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=37.74,P=0.000); the resistance rate of type Ⅱ E. coli(>60%) to sulfamethoxazole was higher than that of type Ⅰ (<60%) as a whole, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=15.248,P=0.004); and a preliminary database of homologous protein fingerprints of E. coli has been established E. coli homologous protein fingerprint library and validated. The drug susceptibility results of 1 288 E. coli strains in the validation set were statistically analyzed and compared with those in the training set. There was no significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusion: In recent years, the resistance rate of E. coli isolated from a hospital in Qinghai province to piperacillin/Tazobactam, cefepime, amicacin and other antibiotics has changed greatly. A fingerprint database of E. coli homologous protein was established, and it was found that the drug sensitivity data of E. coli were different among different fingerprint types. According to drug sensitivity, drug use could assist clinical experience and provide evidence for prevention and control of hospital illness.
Humans ; Blood Culture ; Escherichia coli ; Cefepime ; Retrospective Studies ; Drug Resistance ; Sulfamethoxazole ; Piperacillin ; Tazobactam

Two cardenolide glycosides, corotoxigenin 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-6-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside] (1) and coroglaucigenin 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-6-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside] (2), were isolated from the seed fairs of Asclepias curassavica. The structures of 1-2 were determined based on the combination of the analysis of their MS, NMR spectroscopic data and acid hydrolysis. The inhibitory effects of compounds 1 and 2 on human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116), non-small cell lung carcinoma cells (A549) and hepatic cancer cells (SMMC-7721) were evaluated. The results showed that both compounds 1 and 2 significantly inhibited the viability, proliferation, and migration of A549, HCT116 and SMMC-7721 cells, suggesting that compounds 1 and 2 can be applied in the treatment of lung, colon and liver cancers in clinical practice. This study may not only provide a scientific basis for clarifying the active ingredients in A. curassavica, but also help to understand its antitumor activity, which can promote the application of A. curassavica in clinical treatment of various cancers.
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology* ; Asclepias/chemistry* ; Cardenolides/pharmacology* ; Glycosides/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Seeds