Abstract To investigate the intervention effects of digital exercise on insufficient physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior among college students, aiming to enhance PA levels and reduce sedentary behavior. The study systematically reviews the application characteristics of digital exercise intervention, the intervention effects of digital exercise intervention (training websites and applications, social media, wearable devices, emerging interactive technologies) on PA levels and sedentary behavior among college students.Through behavioral modification elements such as goal setting, self monitoring, and feedback support, the approach significantly enhances college students PA levels and improves sedentary behaviors, so as to provide evidence for the design and optimization of future intervention programs.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of topical preparations of Mongolian medicine Manggari hot compress therapy (hereafter referred to as Manggari hot compress therapy) in treating cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) and explore the possible pharmacological material basis in the formula, providing evidence for the clinical application of Mongolian medicine in the treatment of CSR. Methods: The clinical trial employed a randomized, controlled, open-label, and outcome-assessor-blinded design. The CSR patients who were treated at the Department of Traditional Therapeutics Outpatient Clinic, Xilinguole Meng Mongolian General Hospital between July 1, 2024 and August 31, 2025, were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to three groups: an oral control group (administration of oral administration of mecobalamin tablets combined with cervical electric traction), an experimental group (Manggari external hot compress), and a patch control group (flurbiprofen gel plaster). The intervention lasted two weeks. Before and after treatment, the following subjective indicators were recorded: Mongolian Medicine Syndrome (MMS) score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) score, and tongue morphology. Serum levels of inflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β)] and oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity] were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Overall therapeutic efficacy was evaluated. One month after treatment completion, a follow-up assessment was conducted, and the MMS, VAS, and NPQ scores were recorded again for all patients. For the pharmacological substance exploration, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q-exactive orbitrap-mass (UHPLC-QE-MS) was employed to analyze blood-absorbed prototype components of Manggari, under both positive and negative ion modes. The targeting relationship between the core active compounds and the target protein was validated using molecular docking. Results: This study ultimately included 90 patients with CSR for analysis. Baseline characteristics showed no statistically significant differences among the three groups (P > 0.05). (i) Symptom scores. After treatment, the MMS, VAS, and NPQ scores decreased significantly from baseline in all three groups (P < 0.001). At follow-up, there was no significant difference in MMS, VAS, and NPQ scores of the experimental group compared with those at the end of the treatment (P > 0.05). After treatment, the experimental group showed significantly greater reductions in MMS, VAS, and NPQ scores than oral control and patch control groups (P < 0.001). At follow-up, these differences remained significant (P < 0.001). (ii) Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. After treatment, serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and MDA activity decreased significantly from baseline in all three groups (P < 0.001), and SOD content and GSH-Px activity increased significantly from baseline (P < 0.05). After treatment, the experimental group had significantly lower serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β than oral and patch control groups. Additionally, it exhibited lower MDA activity and higher SOD content and GSH-Px activity compared with the two control groups. (P < 0.05). (iii) Overall efficacy. The total effective rate was 93.33% in the experimental group, 86.66% in the oral control group, and 83.33% in the patch control group. (iv) Pharmacological substance analysis. A total of 152 compounds were identified in the blood-absorbed components of Manggari. Among them, the core compounds—4-hydroxycoumarin, N-methylanthranilic acid, genistein, and ginsenoside-Rk1—showed binding energies to the key target proteins TNF-α and IL-1β range from − 4.7 to − 7.1 kcal/mol, with the majority of the binding energies being below − 5.0 kcal/mol, suggesting that it generally has a good binding affinity. Conclusion Mongolian medicine hot compress therapy effectively modulates inflammatory and oxidative stress responses through the combined action of its thermal effects and active pharmaceutical ingredients Manggari. It inhibits cervical nerve root inflammation and alleviates radicular pain, improving clinical symptoms, reducing pain severity, and alleviating neck functional disability.

Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles that are ubiquitous across most organisms, including animals, plants, protists, and microorganisms. Their core consists of neutral lipids, surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer adorned with a specific set of proteins. As critical intracellular hubs of metabolic regulation, lipid droplets play essential roles in maintaining physiological homeostasis and contributing to the progression of various pathological processes. They store neutral lipids for energy production during periods of starvation or for membrane biosynthesis, and they sequester fatty acids to mitigate lipotoxicity. Clinically, dysregulation of lipid droplet function is associated with a wide range of diseases, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Research into the biological functions of lipid droplets—as dynamic organelles and their links to multiple diseases—has emerged as a cutting-edge focus in cell biology. In recent years, significant advances have been made in understanding lipid droplet biogenesis. Researchers have developed a more refined framework that elucidates how LDs are assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Triacylglycerols and sterol esters are synthesized between the inner and outer leaflets of the ER bilayer, and when they exceed the critical nucleation concentration (CNC), they coalesce to form neutral lipid lenses. These then bud from the ER under the coordinated action of key proteins such as Seipin, fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 2 (FIT2), and the peroxisomal membrane protein Pex30. This budding process is driven by changes in membrane curvature and surface tension, induced by the asymmetric distribution of phospholipids. Nascent lipid droplets recruit lipid-synthesizing enzymes via ER-LD bridging structures, enabling localized lipid production and surface expansion, ultimately resulting in the formation of mature LDs. Biochemical and biophysical approaches have revealed important features of this process, underscoring the critical roles of ER membrane biophysical properties and specific phospholipids. Structural biology and proteomic studies have identified key regulators—particularly Seipin and FIT2—as central players in LD biogenesis. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of LD biogenesis. It delves into the processes of LD nucleation, membrane budding, and expansion in eukaryotic cells, with a special focus on how core factors such as Seipin and FIT2 dynamically regulate LD morphology. In addition, it examines the mechanisms and pathways by which class I and class II proteins are targeted to LDs, compares LD biogenesis involving different neutral lipid cores, and discusses the disease relevance of specific regulatory proteins. Finally, the review outlines critical unresolved questions in the field of LD biogenesis, offering clear directions for future research and providing a comprehensive framework for deepening our understanding of LD formation and its implications for disease intervention.

Mutations in the cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 gene (CDKL5) cause a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, yet the impact of truncating mutations remains unclear. Here, we introduce the Cdkl5^492stop mouse model, mimicking C-terminal truncating mutations in patients. 492stop/Y mice exhibit altered dendritic spine morphology and spontaneous seizure-like behaviors, alongside other behavioral deficits. After creating cell lines with various Cdkl5 truncating mutations, we found that these mutations are regulated by the nonsense-mediated RNA decay pathway. Most truncating mutations result in CDKL5 protein loss, leading to multiple disease phenotypes, and offering new insights into the pathogenesis of CDKL5 disorder.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency* ; Mutation/genetics* ; Epileptic Syndromes/genetics* ; Humans ; Dendritic Spines/pathology* ; Spasms, Infantile/genetics* ; Male ; Seizures/genetics* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

In modern society, people are increasingly exposed to chronic stress, leading to various mental disorders. However, the activities of brain regions, especially neural firing patterns related to specific behaviors, remain unclear. In this study, we introduce a novel approach, NeuroSync, which integrates open-field behavioral testing with electrophysiological recordings from emotion-related brain regions, specifically the central amygdala and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, to explore the mechanisms of negative emotions induced by chronic stress in mice. By applying machine vision techniques, we quantified behaviors in the open field, and signal processing algorithms elucidated the neural underpinnings of the observed behaviors. Synchronizing behavioral and electrophysiological data revealed significant correlations between neural firing patterns and stress-related behaviors, providing insights into real-time brain activity underlying behavioral responses. This research combines deep learning and machine learning to synchronize high-resolution video and electrophysiological data, offering new insights into neural-behavioral dynamics under chronic stress conditions.
Animals ; Mice ; Male ; Emotions/physiology* ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology* ; Action Potentials/physiology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Behavior, Animal/physiology* ; Machine Learning ; Amygdala/physiopathology* ; Neurons/physiology* ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/physiopathology* ; Brain/physiology*

Objective:To analyze the factors influencing preoperative anxiety and depression in patients undergoing eye plastic surgery.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted, which included 160 patients awaiting for ocular plastic surgery at the Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January to May 2019. Among them, there were 22 males and 138 females, with an average age of (38.6±9.0) years. A one-on-one survey was conducted on enrolled patients using a paper questionnaire. The survey included general patient information, the simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ), the Chinese version of the Kessler 10-item questionnaire (Kessler 10), the perceived social support scale (PSSS), and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Factors related to anxiety and depression were screened using through univariate analysis and Spearman correlation analysis, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the anxiety and depression.Results:The detection rate for preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing eye plastic surgery was 16.3% (26/160), and that for depression was 25.0% (40/160). A total of 11.3% (18/160) of patients had both anxiety and depression. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that positive coping strategies ( OR=0.206, 95% CI: 0.051-0.836), depression ( OR=3.596, 95% CI: 1.068-12.107), and a high Kessler10 scale total score ( OR=1.081, 95% CI: 1.005-1.162) were related to anxiety. A monthly income of 10 000-<20 000 yuan ( OR=0.196, 95% CI: 0.044-0.875), a high total score on the Kessler10 scale ( OR=1.194, 95% CI: 1.085-1.314), and a high total PSSS score ( OR=0.913, 95% CI: 0.870-0.958) were related to depression. Conclusion:Factors affecting anxiety are positive coping strategies, depression, and a high total score on the Kessler 10 scale, while those affecting depression are a monthly income of 10 000-<20 000 yuan, a high total score on the Kessler 10 scale, and a high total score on the PSSS.

Objective:This study aims to analyze the disease burden trends of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder from 1990 to 2021 in China, and to predict the trends of these two disorders over the next 20 years.Methods:This study was conducted between September and October 2024. The data on incidence, prevalence, and disease burden of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in China were retrieved from the database of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD2021). Temporal trends were quantified via the annual percentage change, average annual percentage change (AAPC), and their corresponding P-values, which were calculated using the empirical quantile method with the Joinpoint software. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was constructed using data on the incidence, prevalence, and disease burden of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder from 1990 to 2021 to predict the trends in prevalence and disease burden of these two diseases from 2022 to 2041. Results:In China, during the period from 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate (ASDR) of schizophrenia all showed a fluctuating upward trend. By 2021, the AAPC of these rates was 3.83% ( P<0.001), 12.99% ( P<0.001), and 14.11% ( P<0.001), respectively, indicating a significant increase. Regarding bipolar disorder, the annual average ASIR in China significantly increased (AAPC=1.25%, P<0.001), while the annual average ASPR significantly decreased (AAPC=-1.03%, P<0.001), and the annual average ASDR showed no significant change (AAPC=-0.08%, P=0.342). The incidence of schizophrenia was mainly concentrated in the 15-34 age group. The prevalence and DALY rates of schizophrenia were on the rise across all age groups. For bipolar disorder, the peak incidence occurred between the ages of 10 and 19, with higher incidence, prevalence, and DALY rates in females compared to males. Looking ahead from 2022 to 2041, the overall ASIR, ASIR for both females and males, and ASPR for males with schizophrenia are projected to gradually increase, while the ASPR and ASDR of bipolar disorder are expected to remain stable, with females continuing to bear a higher disease burden than males. Conclusion:In China, the disease burden of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder substantially changed from 1990 to 2021, with distinct differences across gender and age-groups. The disease burden of schizophrenia is projected to keep rising in the next 20 years. It is imperative to develop targeted and precise prevention and control strategies for different populations.

Objective To investigate the status of population dynamics and distribution changes of Aedes aegypti in Guangdong Province.Methods Continuous monitoring was conducted from May 2018 to July 2024 in Wushi Town and Qishui Town,Leizhou City,Zhanjiang City,Guangdong Province.Additionally,a survey of the distribution of Ae.aegypti along the Leizhou Peninsula coast was carried out.Results The density of Ae.aegypti in Zhanjiang showed a gradual decline from 2018 to 2024.The last detection of adult Ae.aegypti in Wushi Town was in September 2021,and the last larva was found in October 2023.No Ae.aegypti was detected in Qishui Town during surveys from 2021 to 2024.A survey of 18 coastal villages in the Leizhou Peninsula revealed no detections of Ae.aegypti.Conclusions This study provides a basis for understanding the distribution and population density fluctuations of Ae.aegypti,assessing its invasion risk,and scientifically conducting relevant prevention and control efforts.

Objective:To investigate the mutations of TP53 and KRAS genes in the patients with six common types of digestive system tumors,including colorectal cancer(COAD),cholangiocarcinoma(CHOL),gallbladder cancer(GBC),liver hepatocellular carcinoma(LIHC),stomach adenocarcinoma(STAD),and pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PAAD),and to analyze the relationships between TP53 and KRAS gene mutations and clinical pathological characteristics,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and microsatellite instability(MSI)of the patients.Methods:The pathological paraffin or biopsy samples of 112 patients from January 2022 to December 2023 diagnosed with six types of tumors based on imaging and pathology were collected.Hybrid capture-based gene sequencing technology was used to detect TP53 and KRAS gene mutations in the patients with different types of tumors;mutation landscapes of common digestive system tumor samples were constructed.The patients were divided into high and low TMB groups according to the TMB levels.The mutation statuses of TP53 and KRAS genes in the patients with different types of digestive system tumors were compared,and the TP53 and KRAS gene mutations in the patients with different clinicopathological characteristics were examined.Results:A total of 276 mutations were detected in the 112 samples,with the highest mutation rate in TP53 gene(67％),followed by KARS gene(34％).TP53 gene mutation was most prominent in COAD,followed by LIHC,while KRAS gene mutation was most significant in PAAD.TP53 gene mutation mainly occurred in exons 5-8,while the KRAS gene mutation primarily occurred in exon 2.There was no statistically significant difference in TP53 gene mutation rate among the six types of digestive system tumors(P＞0.05),while the KRAS gene mutation rate showed statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).The mutation rates of TP53 and KRAS gene co-mutation also showed statistically significant difference among the six types of tumors(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in TP53 and KRAS gene mutation rates between the patients with high TMB and low TMB(P＜0.05),while there were no statistically significant differences in TP53 and KRAS mutation rates between the patients with different sex,age,tumor size,differentiation degree,TNM stage,lymph node and/or distant metastasis and MSI(P＞0.05).Conclusion:The mutation rates of TP53 and KRAS genes are higher in common digestive system tumors,which are related to tumor types and TMB.