Background and Objectives: Differentiating inverted papilloma (IP) from squamous cell carcinoma arising in IP (IP+SCC) is challenging when computed tomography (CT) demonstrates no bone destruction. This study aimed to identify CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features that distinguish IP from IP+SCC in cases without bone destruction on CT. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 30 patients with histologically confirmed sinonasal IP (n=15) or IP+SCC (n=15) who underwent preoperative CT and MRI between 2010 and 2023. Imaging variables assessed included tumor origin, tumor volume, CT enhancement pattern, signal intensity on T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and the presence or loss of the convoluted cerebriform pattern (CCP). Group differences were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in tumor origin between the IP and IP+SCC groups. Tumor volume and CT enhancement patterns also did not differ significantly between the groups. On MRI, IP+SCC more frequently demonstrated intermediate signal intensity on both T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images compared with IP (p=0.025 and p=0.029, respectively). Median ADC values were significantly lower in the IP+SCC group than in the IP group (0.99×10-3 vs. 1.20×10-3 mm2/s; p=0.026). Loss of the CCP was more common in the IP+SCC group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion In sinonasal IP without bone destruction on CT, MRI appears to be more informative than CT for distinguishing IP+SCC from IP. Intermediate signal intensity on T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, along with lower ADC values, supports malignant transformation, whereas tumor size, CT enhancement, and CCP alone are less reliable discriminators.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine. Clinical applications require a large number of functional red blood cells (RBCs), making it essential to ensure the proliferation of actively dividing, nucleated erythroblasts derived from iPSCs. Small molecules can enhance the efficiency and frequency of iPSC-derived cell differentiation. Sirtuin 1, a key enzyme in multiple biological processes, has been implicated in enhancing iPSC-derived cell differentiation. However, the specific effects of Sirtuin 1 on erythroblast proliferation from iPSCs remain unclear. Here, we developed a protocol to examine the effects of Sirtuin 1 on erythroblasts after endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). We found that Sirtuin 1 activation increased the frequency of CD71＋CD235a＋erythroblasts at the early stage after EHT, suggesting a role for Sirtuin 1 in the proliferation of these specified erythroblasts. These findings reveal that Sirtuin 1 activation benefits erythroblast proliferation and could be considered for translational application in large-scale RBC culture.

Purpose: Postoperative adhesions following thyroid surgery can lead to multiple complications that significantly impact quality of life. The use of an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) adhesion barrier device has been proposed as a potential solution to reduce the risk of such adhesions. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and anti-adhesive effect of an ADM in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Methods: In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, patients undergoing thyroid surgery were randomly assigned to receive either ADM (n = 42) or no ADM (n = 39) during surgery. The primary outcome was the Swallowing Impairment Score (SIS-6), measured 6 weeks after surgery and compared between groups. Secondary outcomes included intergroup comparisons of the SIS-6, the Voice Handicap Index (VHI)-10, and the Glasgow-Edinburgh Throat Scale (GETS) at baseline, and 2, 6, and 18 weeks after surgery. Results: At week 6, the mean SIS-6 scores were 4.0 ± 4.1 and 3.3 ± 4.2 in the ADM and control groups, respectively, which was not significantly different. Both groups showed similar postoperative improvements in SIS-6, VHI-10, and GETS scores over time, without significant differences between groups at any time point, indicating that the ADM did not reduce the incidence of postoperative adhesions or alter the course of recovery compared to the control group. Conclusion Although application of the ADM is safe for use in patients undergoing thyroid surgery, it did not produce a clinically significant advantage in preventing postoperative adhesions. Future research should focus on identifying specific patient populations or surgical scenarios where the use of the ADM may be beneficial.

Purpose: Postoperative adhesions following thyroid surgery can lead to multiple complications that significantly impact quality of life. The use of an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) adhesion barrier device has been proposed as a potential solution to reduce the risk of such adhesions. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and anti-adhesive effect of an ADM in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Methods: In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, patients undergoing thyroid surgery were randomly assigned to receive either ADM (n = 42) or no ADM (n = 39) during surgery. The primary outcome was the Swallowing Impairment Score (SIS-6), measured 6 weeks after surgery and compared between groups. Secondary outcomes included intergroup comparisons of the SIS-6, the Voice Handicap Index (VHI)-10, and the Glasgow-Edinburgh Throat Scale (GETS) at baseline, and 2, 6, and 18 weeks after surgery. Results: At week 6, the mean SIS-6 scores were 4.0 ± 4.1 and 3.3 ± 4.2 in the ADM and control groups, respectively, which was not significantly different. Both groups showed similar postoperative improvements in SIS-6, VHI-10, and GETS scores over time, without significant differences between groups at any time point, indicating that the ADM did not reduce the incidence of postoperative adhesions or alter the course of recovery compared to the control group. Conclusion Although application of the ADM is safe for use in patients undergoing thyroid surgery, it did not produce a clinically significant advantage in preventing postoperative adhesions. Future research should focus on identifying specific patient populations or surgical scenarios where the use of the ADM may be beneficial.

Purpose: Postoperative adhesions following thyroid surgery can lead to multiple complications that significantly impact quality of life. The use of an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) adhesion barrier device has been proposed as a potential solution to reduce the risk of such adhesions. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and anti-adhesive effect of an ADM in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Methods: In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, patients undergoing thyroid surgery were randomly assigned to receive either ADM (n = 42) or no ADM (n = 39) during surgery. The primary outcome was the Swallowing Impairment Score (SIS-6), measured 6 weeks after surgery and compared between groups. Secondary outcomes included intergroup comparisons of the SIS-6, the Voice Handicap Index (VHI)-10, and the Glasgow-Edinburgh Throat Scale (GETS) at baseline, and 2, 6, and 18 weeks after surgery. Results: At week 6, the mean SIS-6 scores were 4.0 ± 4.1 and 3.3 ± 4.2 in the ADM and control groups, respectively, which was not significantly different. Both groups showed similar postoperative improvements in SIS-6, VHI-10, and GETS scores over time, without significant differences between groups at any time point, indicating that the ADM did not reduce the incidence of postoperative adhesions or alter the course of recovery compared to the control group. Conclusion Although application of the ADM is safe for use in patients undergoing thyroid surgery, it did not produce a clinically significant advantage in preventing postoperative adhesions. Future research should focus on identifying specific patient populations or surgical scenarios where the use of the ADM may be beneficial.

Purpose: Stem cell transplantation (SCT) has historically played a major role in the long-term remission of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an incurable hematological malignancy. Using data from the Korean Society of Bone and Marrow Transplantation registry, we retrospectively analyzed the role of autologous (auto) and allogeneic (allo) SCT in longterm MCL survival. Methods: This study analyzed data from 188 patients (age ≥ 19 years at the time of transplantation) who underwent a transplant for MCL from 2011 to 2020. Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as the time from transplantation to disease progression, relapse, or death from any cause. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the time from transplan‑ tation to death from any cause or the last follow-up. Results: In total, 109 patients underwent consolidative SCT after first-line chemotherapy. The 3-year PFS and OS rates were 65.4% and 78.5%, respectively, in the auto-SCT group, and 66.7% and 71.4%, respectively, in the allo-SCT group. The PFS and OS did not differ significantly between the auto- and allo-SCT groups. As part of salvage treatment, 52 patients with relapsed or refractory disease underwent auto- or allo-SCT. Patients who underwent auto-SCT with complete remis‑ sion/partial remission status reported better outcomes. In patients with refractory status, allogeneic transplantation using human leukocyte antigen (HLA) fully matched donors was a significantly favorable factor for PFS and OS. Conclusion The long-term survival of patients who underwent consolidative transplantation was similar to that reported in previous studies. Auto-SCT may be beneficial in patients who respond to salvage therapy, whereas allo-SCT with HLA-matched donors may be an alternative for patients with refractory disease.