Basal cell adenocarcinoma, considered to be the malignant counterpart of basal cell adenoma, is a rare, low-grade malignant tumor of the salivary glands, accounting for 1-2% of salivary gland malignancies. It predominantly affects the parotid gland, while involvement of the minor salivary glands is exceptionally rare. This report presented a case of basal cell adenocarcinoma involving the left retromolar trigone in a 54-year-old woman. The initial provisional diagnosis suggested a benign or low-grade malignant salivary tumor. Advanced magnetic resonance imagingtechniques, including diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient analysis, aided in the preoperative prediction of malignancy, and an incisional biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of basal cell adenocarcinoma. This caseunderscored the challenge of distinguishing basal cell adenocarcinoma from benign salivary tumors, as clinical and imaging features often overlap. Surgical excision remains the primary treatment, yielding favorable outcomes;however, long-term follow-up is crucial due to the risk of recurrence.

Basal cell adenocarcinoma, considered to be the malignant counterpart of basal cell adenoma, is a rare, low-grade malignant tumor of the salivary glands, accounting for 1-2% of salivary gland malignancies. It predominantly affects the parotid gland, while involvement of the minor salivary glands is exceptionally rare. This report presented a case of basal cell adenocarcinoma involving the left retromolar trigone in a 54-year-old woman. The initial provisional diagnosis suggested a benign or low-grade malignant salivary tumor. Advanced magnetic resonance imagingtechniques, including diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient analysis, aided in the preoperative prediction of malignancy, and an incisional biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of basal cell adenocarcinoma. This caseunderscored the challenge of distinguishing basal cell adenocarcinoma from benign salivary tumors, as clinical and imaging features often overlap. Surgical excision remains the primary treatment, yielding favorable outcomes;however, long-term follow-up is crucial due to the risk of recurrence.

Basal cell adenocarcinoma, considered to be the malignant counterpart of basal cell adenoma, is a rare, low-grade malignant tumor of the salivary glands, accounting for 1-2% of salivary gland malignancies. It predominantly affects the parotid gland, while involvement of the minor salivary glands is exceptionally rare. This report presented a case of basal cell adenocarcinoma involving the left retromolar trigone in a 54-year-old woman. The initial provisional diagnosis suggested a benign or low-grade malignant salivary tumor. Advanced magnetic resonance imagingtechniques, including diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient analysis, aided in the preoperative prediction of malignancy, and an incisional biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of basal cell adenocarcinoma. This caseunderscored the challenge of distinguishing basal cell adenocarcinoma from benign salivary tumors, as clinical and imaging features often overlap. Surgical excision remains the primary treatment, yielding favorable outcomes;however, long-term follow-up is crucial due to the risk of recurrence.

Background: A healthcare system’s collapse due to a pandemic, such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), can expose healthcare workers (HCWs) to various mental health problems. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the depression and anxiety of HCWs. Methods: A nationwide questionnaire-based survey was conducted on HCWs who worked in healthcare facilities and public health centers in Korea in December 2020. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were used to measure depression and anxiety. To investigate factors associated with depression and anxiety, stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: A total of 1,425 participating HCWs were included. The mean depression score (PHQ-9) of HCWs before and after COVID-19 increased from 2.37 to 5.39, and the mean anxiety score (GAD-7) increased from 1.41 to 3.41. The proportion of HCWs with moderate to severe depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) increased from 3.8% before COVID-19 to 19.5% after COVID-19, whereas that of HCWs with moderate to severe anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 10) increased from 2.0% to 10.1%. In our study, insomnia, chronic fatigue symptoms and physical symptoms after COVID-19, anxiety score (GAD-7) after COVID-19, living alone, and exhaustion were positively correlated with depression. Furthermore, post-traumatic stress symptoms, stress score (Global Assessment of Recent Stress), depression score (PHQ-9) after COVID-19, and exhaustion were positively correlated with anxiety. Conclusion In Korea, during the COVID-19 pandemic, HCWs commonly suffered from mental health problems, including depression and anxiety. Regularly checking the physical and mental health problems of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial, and social support and strategy are needed to reduce the heavy workload and psychological distress of HCWs.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the number of roots and type of root canals in maxillary first and secondpremolars within a selected Korean population utilizing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Additionally, it sought to investigate potential differences in these features according to sex and tooth type. Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 585 maxillary first premolars and 578 maxillary second premolars from303 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The number of roots was classified based on root morphology, andcanal configurations were categorized into 8 types according to the Vertucci classification. For statistical analysis, chi-square or Fisher exact tests were employed to compare root number and canal morphology according to sex andtooth type. Results: CBCT analysis revealed that 71.5% of maxillary first premolars and 97.6% of maxillary second premolars had 1 root. The most common canal configuration in maxillary first premolars was Vertucci type IV (42.6%), whereas type I predominated in maxillary second premolars (76.5%). Significant differences in root number and canal configurations were found between men and women (P<0.05), with single roots and Vertucci type I canals more commonly observed in women. Conclusion Both maxillary first premolars and maxillary second premolars typically had 1 root, with a smaller percentage possessing 2 roots. Significant sex differences were observed in root number and canal type. This study highlights the variability in root number and canal configuration, emphasizing the importance of recognizing thesevariations to achieve successful endodontic treatment.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore whether there are differences in smoking status between two regions of Wonju-City and Chuncheon-City, Gangwon State, and to determine whether the experience of smoking cessation programs in the region affects quit attempts. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional study in which adults aged 19 and older living in two cities were surveyed using a pre-developed mobile app to investigate social capital for smoking cessation, and a total of 600 citizens were participated, including 310 in Wonju-City and 290 in Chuncheon-City.The statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results: Wonju-City had a higher prevalence of current smoking than Chuncheon-City. Among smoking cessation programs operated by local public health centers, Wonju-City had a lower odds ratio for experience with smoking cessation education than Chuncheon-City (OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.33 to 0.81). When examining the effect of smoking cessation program experience on quit attempts, in Wonju-City, citizens who had completed smoking cessation education and used a smoking cessation clinic were more likely to attempt to quit than those who had not (OR=2.31 and OR=2.29, respectively). In Chuncheon-City, citizens who were aware of smoking cessation support services were 2.26 times more likely to attempt to quit smoking than those who were not, but statistical significance was not reached due to the small sample size. Conclusion Therefore, healthcare organizations in both regions should develop more practical intervention strategies to increase smokers' quit attempts, reduce smoking rates in the community, and address regional disparities.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the number of roots and type of root canals in maxillary first and secondpremolars within a selected Korean population utilizing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Additionally, it sought to investigate potential differences in these features according to sex and tooth type. Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 585 maxillary first premolars and 578 maxillary second premolars from303 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The number of roots was classified based on root morphology, andcanal configurations were categorized into 8 types according to the Vertucci classification. For statistical analysis, chi-square or Fisher exact tests were employed to compare root number and canal morphology according to sex andtooth type. Results: CBCT analysis revealed that 71.5% of maxillary first premolars and 97.6% of maxillary second premolars had 1 root. The most common canal configuration in maxillary first premolars was Vertucci type IV (42.6%), whereas type I predominated in maxillary second premolars (76.5%). Significant differences in root number and canal configurations were found between men and women (P<0.05), with single roots and Vertucci type I canals more commonly observed in women. Conclusion Both maxillary first premolars and maxillary second premolars typically had 1 root, with a smaller percentage possessing 2 roots. Significant sex differences were observed in root number and canal type. This study highlights the variability in root number and canal configuration, emphasizing the importance of recognizing thesevariations to achieve successful endodontic treatment.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore whether there are differences in smoking status between two regions of Wonju-City and Chuncheon-City, Gangwon State, and to determine whether the experience of smoking cessation programs in the region affects quit attempts. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional study in which adults aged 19 and older living in two cities were surveyed using a pre-developed mobile app to investigate social capital for smoking cessation, and a total of 600 citizens were participated, including 310 in Wonju-City and 290 in Chuncheon-City.The statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results: Wonju-City had a higher prevalence of current smoking than Chuncheon-City. Among smoking cessation programs operated by local public health centers, Wonju-City had a lower odds ratio for experience with smoking cessation education than Chuncheon-City (OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.33 to 0.81). When examining the effect of smoking cessation program experience on quit attempts, in Wonju-City, citizens who had completed smoking cessation education and used a smoking cessation clinic were more likely to attempt to quit than those who had not (OR=2.31 and OR=2.29, respectively). In Chuncheon-City, citizens who were aware of smoking cessation support services were 2.26 times more likely to attempt to quit smoking than those who were not, but statistical significance was not reached due to the small sample size. Conclusion Therefore, healthcare organizations in both regions should develop more practical intervention strategies to increase smokers' quit attempts, reduce smoking rates in the community, and address regional disparities.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the number of roots and type of root canals in maxillary first and secondpremolars within a selected Korean population utilizing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Additionally, it sought to investigate potential differences in these features according to sex and tooth type. Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 585 maxillary first premolars and 578 maxillary second premolars from303 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The number of roots was classified based on root morphology, andcanal configurations were categorized into 8 types according to the Vertucci classification. For statistical analysis, chi-square or Fisher exact tests were employed to compare root number and canal morphology according to sex andtooth type. Results: CBCT analysis revealed that 71.5% of maxillary first premolars and 97.6% of maxillary second premolars had 1 root. The most common canal configuration in maxillary first premolars was Vertucci type IV (42.6%), whereas type I predominated in maxillary second premolars (76.5%). Significant differences in root number and canal configurations were found between men and women (P<0.05), with single roots and Vertucci type I canals more commonly observed in women. Conclusion Both maxillary first premolars and maxillary second premolars typically had 1 root, with a smaller percentage possessing 2 roots. Significant sex differences were observed in root number and canal type. This study highlights the variability in root number and canal configuration, emphasizing the importance of recognizing thesevariations to achieve successful endodontic treatment.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore whether there are differences in smoking status between two regions of Wonju-City and Chuncheon-City, Gangwon State, and to determine whether the experience of smoking cessation programs in the region affects quit attempts. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional study in which adults aged 19 and older living in two cities were surveyed using a pre-developed mobile app to investigate social capital for smoking cessation, and a total of 600 citizens were participated, including 310 in Wonju-City and 290 in Chuncheon-City.The statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results: Wonju-City had a higher prevalence of current smoking than Chuncheon-City. Among smoking cessation programs operated by local public health centers, Wonju-City had a lower odds ratio for experience with smoking cessation education than Chuncheon-City (OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.33 to 0.81). When examining the effect of smoking cessation program experience on quit attempts, in Wonju-City, citizens who had completed smoking cessation education and used a smoking cessation clinic were more likely to attempt to quit than those who had not (OR=2.31 and OR=2.29, respectively). In Chuncheon-City, citizens who were aware of smoking cessation support services were 2.26 times more likely to attempt to quit smoking than those who were not, but statistical significance was not reached due to the small sample size. Conclusion Therefore, healthcare organizations in both regions should develop more practical intervention strategies to increase smokers' quit attempts, reduce smoking rates in the community, and address regional disparities.