Understanding the long-term kinetics of antibodies in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is essential in interpreting serosurvey data. We investigated the antibody response one year after infection in 52 mildly symptomatic patients with severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, using three commercial immunoassays and a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) kit. Anti-N pan-immunoglobulin (Ig), anti-S IgG, and anti-S1 IgG were detected in 43 (82.7%), 44 (84.6%), and 30 (57.7%), respectively. In 49 (94.2%), the antibody could be detected by either anti-N pan-Ig or anti-S IgG assay. In the sVNT, 30 (57.7%) had positive neutralizing activity. Despite waning immunity, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can be detected up to one year after infection, even in mild COVID-19 patients.

Understanding the long-term kinetics of antibodies in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is essential in interpreting serosurvey data. We investigated the antibody response one year after infection in 52 mildly symptomatic patients with severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, using three commercial immunoassays and a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) kit. Anti-N pan-immunoglobulin (Ig), anti-S IgG, and anti-S1 IgG were detected in 43 (82.7%), 44 (84.6%), and 30 (57.7%), respectively. In 49 (94.2%), the antibody could be detected by either anti-N pan-Ig or anti-S IgG assay. In the sVNT, 30 (57.7%) had positive neutralizing activity. Despite waning immunity, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can be detected up to one year after infection, even in mild COVID-19 patients.

PURPOSE: When hemodynamically unstable patients with blunt major trauma arrive at the emergency department (ED), the safety of performing early whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) is concerning. Some clinicians perform central venous catheterization (CVC) before WBCT (pre-computed tomography [CT] group) for hemodynamic stabilization. However, as no study has reported the factors affecting this decision, we compared clinical characteristics and outcomes of the pre- and post-CT groups and determined factors affecting this decision. METHODS: This retrospective study included 70 hemodynamically unstable patients with chest or/and abdominal blunt injury who underwent WBCT and CVC between March 2013 and November 2017. RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed that the injury severity score, intubation, pulse pressure, focused assessment with sonography in trauma positivity score, and pH were different between the pre-CT (34 patients, 48.6%) and post-CT (all, p < 0.05) groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that injury severity score (ISS) and intubation were factors affecting the decision to perform CVC before CT (p=0.003 and p=0.043). Regarding clinical outcomes, the interval from ED arrival to CT (p=0.011) and definite bleeding control (p=0.038), and hospital and intensive care unit lengths of stay (p=0.018 and p=0.053) were longer in the pre-CT group than in the post-CT group. Although not significant, the pre-CT group had lower survival rates at 24 hours and 28 days than the post-CT group (p=0.168 and p=0.226). CONCLUSIONS Clinicians have a tendency to perform CVC before CT in patients with blunt major trauma and high ISS and intubation.

Most regional anesthesia in breast surgeries is performed as postoperative pain management under general anesthesia, and not as the primary anesthesia. Regional anesthesia has very few cardiovascular or pulmonary side-effects, as compared with general anesthesia. Pectoral nerve block is a relatively new technique, with fewer complications than other regional anesthesia. We performed Pecs I and Pec II block simultaneously as primary anesthesia under moderate sedation with dexmedetomidine for breast conserving surgery in a 49-year-old female patient with invasive ductal carcinoma. Block was uneventful and showed no complications. Thus, Pecs block with sedation could be an alternative to general anesthesia for breast surgeries.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Conduction ; Anesthesia, General* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Conscious Sedation ; Dexmedetomidine ; Female ; Humans ; Mastectomy, Segmental* ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Block ; Pain, Postoperative

PURPOSE: The patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) is used to quantify the subjective state of patients before and after the treatment. The electronic method was recently developed and used for the completion of PROM, in addition to the conventional paper and pencil method. This study identified whether the results of Foot Function Index (FFI) and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) using the paper and pencil method was different from those using the electronic method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May 2016 and August 2016, 42 patients who were admitted to the Seoul Foot and Ankle Center two days before surgery were included for evaluation. The mean age was 46 years (range, 21~72 years). There were 29 males and 13 females. To use the electronic method, the PADAS software (PADAS, Seoul, Korea) was implemented using a touch pad. The primary trial of FFI and FAOS was performed using either the paper-and-pencil method or the electronic method. At 24 hours after the primary test, a secondary trial of FFI and FAOS was performed using the other method. Then, we identified the reliability of FFI and FAOS between the two methods by calculating the intraclass coefficient. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients underwent the first trial using the paper-and-pencil method, and 20 patients underwent the first trial using the electronic method. Of the 42 patients, 8 patients were excluded from this study and only 34 patients were included in this study. The reliability of FFI was excellent with an intraclass coefficient of 0.957, and the reliability of FAOS was also excellent with an intraclass coefficient of 0.840. CONCLUSION: The paper-and-pencil method and the electronic method have the same result for the completion of FFI and FAOS in this study. Therefore, it is commonly considered that the completion of FFI and FAOS using the electronic method can be applied in practice.
Ankle* ; Data Collection ; Female ; Foot* ; Humans ; Male ; Methods* ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Seoul

OBJECTIVE: To introduce the Korean Database of Cerebral Palsy (KDCP) and to provide the first report on characteristics of subjects with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: The KDCP is a nationwide database of subjects with CP, which includes a total of 773 subjects. Characteristics such as demography, birth history, onset and type of CP, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, functional ability and accompanying impairments, were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS: Preterm delivery and low birth weight were found in 59.51% and 60.28% of subjects, respectively. Postnatally acquired CP was 15.3%. The distribution of CP was 87.32%, 5.17%, and 1.81% for spastic, dyskinetic, and ataxic types, respectively. Functional ability was the worst in dyskinetic CP, as compared to other types of CP. Speech-language disorder (43.9%), ophthalmologic impairment (32.9%), and intellectual disability (30.3%) were the three most common accompanying impairments. The number of accompanying impairments was elevated in subjects with preterm birth and low birth weight. Brain MRI showed normal findings, malformations, and non-malformations in 10.62%, 9.56%, and 77.35% of subjects, respectively. Subjects with normal MRI findings had better functional ability than subjects with other MRI findings. MRI findings of a non-malformation origin, such as periventricular leukomalacia, were more common in subjects with preterm birth and low birth weight. CONCLUSION: The KDCP and its first report are introduced in this report, wherein the KDCP established agreement on terminologies of CP. This study added information on the characteristics of subjects with CP in South Korea, which can now be compared to those of other countries and ethnicities.
Brain ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Classification ; Demography ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Korea* ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Muscle Spasticity ; Premature Birth ; Reproductive History

PURPOSE: We evaluated oncologic outcomes following radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients with a Gleason score (GS) of 7 with tertiary Gleason pattern 5 (TGP5). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 310 patients who underwent RP from 2005 to 2010. Twenty-four patients who received neoadjuvant or adjuvant antiandrogen deprivation or radiation therapy were excluded. Just 239 (GS 6 to 8) of the remaining 286 patients were included in the study. Patients were classified into four groups: GS 6, GS 7 without TGP5, GS 7 with TGP5, and GS 8. We analyzed preoperative clinical factors, postoperative pathological outcomes, and biochemical recurrence (BCR). RESULTS: TGP5 in GS 7 was an independent predictor of primary Gleason pattern 4, tumor volume larger than 10%, positive surgical margin, and lymphovascular invasion. The presence of TGP5 in GS 7 was not associated with BCR-free survival. Subgroup analyses revealed that BCR-free survival did not differ significantly between patients with GS 7 with TGP5 and those with GS 8 (p=0.120). In addition, time to BCR in patients with a higher percentage of TGP5 was shorter than that in patients with a lower percentage of TGP5. TGP5 in GS 7 was not a significant predictive factor for BCR, whereas prostate-specific antigen density and a positive surgical margin were shown to be independent predictors of BCR. CONCLUSIONS: TGP5 in GS 7 was an independent predictor of unfavorable pathologic outcomes. The rate of BCR was similar in GS 7 disease with TGP5 and in GS 8 disease, even though TGP5 was not a significant predictive factor for BCR in Cox proportional hazards models.
Disease Progression ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Neoplasm Grading ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatectomy ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Burden

Oxidative stress such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the inflamed joint have been indicated as being involved as inflammatory mediators in the induction of arthritis. Correlations between extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) and inflammatory arthritis have been shown in several animal models of RA. However, there is a question whether the over-expression of EC-SOD on arthritic joint also could suppress the progression of disease or not. In the present study, the effect on the synovial tissue of experimental arthritis was investigated using EC-SOD over-expressing transgenic mice. The over-expression of EC-SOD in joint tissue was confirmed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The degree of the inflammation in EC-SOD transgenic mice was suppressed in the collagen-induced arthritis model. In a cytokine assay, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as, IL-1beta, TNFalpha, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was decreased in fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) but not in peripheral blood. Histological examination also showed repressed cartilage destruction and bone in EC-SOD transgenic mice. In conclusion, these data suggest that the over-expression of EC-SOD in FLS contributes to the activation of FLS and protection from joint destruction by depressing the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and MMPs. These results provide EC-SOD transgenic mice with a useful animal model for inflammatory arthritis research.
Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental/blood/*enzymology/metabolism ; *Arthritis, Rheumatoid/enzymology/pathology ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Inflammation/pathology ; Interleukin-1beta/blood/metabolism ; Joints/enzymology/pathology ; Matrix Metalloproteinases/blood/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; *Superoxide Dismutase/genetics/metabolism ; Synovial Fluid/*enzymology ; Synovial Membrane/pathology

Colonoscopy is commonly used as a screening tool for colorectal polyps and cancer. It also offers a chance to remove polyps via the polypectomy technique. Colonoscopic polypectomy is a relatively safe procedure, yet there is the possibility of serious complications such as perforation and bleeding. Postpolypectomy coagulation syndrome presents with pain, fever, an elevated white blood cell count and signs of peritoneal irritation, and usually within 12 hours of the procedure. No free air is seen on plain films or a CT scan, which is different from frank bowel perforation. The management of postpolypectomy coagulation syndrome includes fasting, antibiotics and intravenous hydration. We report here on a case of a 53-year-old woman who underwent right hemicolectomy because she presented with fever, signs of peritoneal irritation and shock after colonoscopic polypectomy. The final diagnosis was postpolypectomy coagulation syndrome as there was no perforation in the resected specimen.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Colonic Polyps ; Colonoscopy ; Fasting ; Female ; Fever ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Polyps ; Shock

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to compare the hemodynamic effects of thiopental and propofol administration as induction agents during desflurane anesthesia. METHODS: One hundred twenty unpremedicated ASA physical status 1 patients who were aged 20-60 years and who scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups. In group T, thiopental sodium (5 mg/kg) was used to induce anesthesia, whereas propofol (2.5 mg/kg) was used in group P. In each group, the inspired concentration of desflurane was increased to 4.0 vol% shortly after a thiopental or propofol injection. After 10 manual baggings, the target was increased to produce an end-tidal concentration of desflurane (ETdesf) of 8.0 vol%, and this was maintained until the end of the study by adjusting the vaporizer setting. The heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured at baseline, 2 min and 5 min after induction and at 2 min after intubation. RESULTS: The heart rate was significantly increased in the two groups compared with baseline. In the P group, the mean blood pressure was decreased at 2 and 5 min after induction compared with baseline, whereas the mean blood pressure in the T group was significantly increased after induction. The mean blood pressure was significantly lower in group P than that in group T at 2 and 5 min after the injection of the induction agent. However, the heart rate did not differ significantly between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: During desflurane anesthesia, the heart rate did not differ significantly between the two groups, yet the mean blood pressure was significantly lower when using propofol than that when using thiopental sodium.
Aged ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intubation ; Isoflurane ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Propofol ; Thiopental