Knowledge of clinical demographics and outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients is important but there are few prospectively collected data in Korea. The objective of the present study was to describe the current status of mechanically ventilated patients in Korea as of 2010. We analyzed the data of Korean patients (275 patients in 12 Korean intensive care units [ICU]) participating in a multinational prospective cohort study on mechanical ventilation. The most common indication for mechanical ventilation was pneumonia (23%). Pressure-limited ventilation modes were preferred over volume-cycled ventilation modes. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation was used in only seven (2%) patients as the initial ventilatory support. Median duration of mechanical ventilation was 7 days and ICU mortality was 36%. The multiple logistic regression model revealed that the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) score at ICU admission (odds ratio [OR], 1.034; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001-1.036; P=0.033), peak pressure (OR, 1.054; 95% CI, 1.016-1.095; P=0.006), and the number of failed organs (OR, 2.132; 95% CI, 1.634-2.781; P<0.001) were independently associated with ICU mortality. This study provides a snapshot of current practice of mechanical ventilation in Korea.
Acute Disease ; Aged ; Cohort Studies ; Demography ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units/*statistics & numerical data ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Republic of Korea ; *Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Insufficiency/*diagnosis/epidemiology/mortality ; Sepsis/etiology ; Severity of Illness Index

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the occurring characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) among nurses working at a university hospital in Korea. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records from a university hospital. A total of 351 nurses without any pulmonary disease were enrolled during 2000~2007, and were followed up until October 2010. To compare with the incidence of TB between occupational subgroups, workplaces were divided into high and low TB-exposure risk departments. For statistical analysis, the relative risks for TB incidences between departments were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models and mean incidences were estimated with person-time years. RESULTS: Seven cases of TB were observed during 2001 person-years. Five and two cases were observed in the high and low TB-exposure risk departments, respectively. The relative risk of TB infection in the high TB-exposure risk departments were 6.52 (95% CI, 1.26~33.60) compared to that in the low TB-exposure risk department. The mean incidence of TB in the total nurses was 0.350% per person-year. CONCLUSIONS: According to the concept of occupational and environmental medicine, high TB-exposure risk departments were more likely to be at increased risk of tuberculosis.
Cohort Studies ; Environmental Medicine ; Hospital Departments ; Incidence ; Lung Diseases ; Medical Records ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the occurrence of multiple tumors in the parathyroid gland, pancreatic islet, and pituitary gland. This condition is caused by mutations of MEN1, a tumor suppressor gene. Thus far, 565 different germline and somatic mutations of the MEN1 gene have been reported. Herein, we describe the case of a 23-year-old woman who suffered from a repetitive loss of consciousness. After workup, the patient was diagnosed with MEN1 with insulinoma, hyperparathyrodism due to parathyroid adenoma, and non-functioning pituitary microadenoma. She underwent a partial parathyroidectomy and distal pancreatectomy. Familial screening of MEN1 revealed that her brother had prolactinoma, hyperparathyroidism, pancreatic gastrinoma and non-functioning adrenal adenoma. Her father had hyperparathyroidism, pancreatic tumor, and adrenal adenoma. Upon genetic analysis of the MEN1 gene, a novel mutation in the MEN1 gene (exon 1, c.251del; p.Ser84LuefsX35) was detected in the patient, as well as her father and brother.
Adenoma ; Fathers ; Female ; Gastrinoma ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genes, vif ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Insulinoma ; Islets of Langerhans ; Mass Screening ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 ; Pancreatectomy ; Parathyroid Glands ; Parathyroid Neoplasms ; Parathyroidectomy ; Pituitary Gland ; Prolactinoma ; Siblings ; Unconsciousness ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: The optimal timing of treatment with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) in NSCLC patients has not yet been determined. METHODS: We separated 228 patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC treated with gefitinib into an early gefitinib group (patients who received gefitinib as first- or second-line treatment) and a delayed gefitinib group (patients who received gefitinib as third or fourth-line treatment) and attempted to determine whether the timing of gefitinib treatment affected clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Median overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), and median OS from first-line treatment of advanced/metastatic disease (OSt) for 111 patients in the early gefitinib group were 6.2 months, 3.3 months, and 11.6 months. However, median OS, PFS, and OSt for 84 patients in the delayed gefitinib group were 7.8 months, 2.3 months, and 22.7 months. No differences in OS and PFS were observed between the 2 groups. However, OSt was significantly longer in the delayed gefitnib group. Timing of gefitinib therapy was one of the independent predictors of OSt. Hb > or = 10 g/dl, and having never smoked, and ECOG performance status < or =1 were independent predictors of better PFS. CONCLUSION: Deferral of gefitinib therapy in patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC may be preferable if they are able to tolerate chemotherapy.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Phosphotransferases ; Quinazolines ; Retrospective Studies ; Smoke

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Double balloon eneterscopy is a promising endoscopic method to examine the entire small bowel and to conduct therapeutic procedures. This study was performed to evaluate the clinical outcome and usefulness of double balloon enteroscopy. METHODS: We enrolled patients with suspected small bowel disease. Double balloon enteroscopy was performed in 61 patients and 89 procedures were undetaken between August 2004 and October 2007 at Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital. RESULTS: Indications for double balloon enteroscopy were obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic abdominal pain or diarrhea and the presence of a suspicious small bowel tumor. Double balloon enteroscopy contributed to the diagnosis of small bowel diseases in 82.0% of patients. In 46 patients (75.4%), specific treatments were influenced by the results of double balloon enteroscopy. There were no significant complications. CONCLUSIONS: Double balloon enteroscopy is one of the most useful methods for the diagnosis and treatment of small bowel disease.
Abdominal Pain ; Diarrhea ; Double-Balloon Enteroscopy ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Heart ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intestine, Small

OBJECTIVE: The presence of an intracerebral hematoma from a ruptured aneurysm is a negative predictive factor and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates even though clot evacuation followed by the neck clipping is performed. Endovascular coil embolization is a useful alternative procedure to reduce the surgical morbidity and mortality rates. We report here on our experiences with the alternative option of endovascular coil placement followed by craniotomy for clot evacuation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 312 patients who were admitted with intracerebral subarachnoid hemorrhage during the recent three years, 119 cases were treated via the endovascular approach. Nine cases were suspected to show aneurysmal intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) on CT scan and they underwent emergency cerebral angiograms. We performed immediate coil embolization at the same session of angiographic examination, and this was followed by clot evacuation. RESULTS: Seven cases showed to have ruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms and two cases had internal carotid artery aneurysms. The clinical status on admission was Hunt-Hess grade (HHG) IV in seven patients and HHG III in two. Surgical evacuation of the clot was done immediately after the endovascular coil placement. The treatment results were a Glasgow Outcome Scale score of good recovery and moderate disability in six patients (66.7%). No mortality was recorded and no procedural morbidity was incurred by both the endovascular and direct craniotomy procedures. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the coil embolization followed by clot evacuation for the patients with aneurysmal ICH may be a less invasive and quite a valuable alternative treatment for this patient group, and this warrants further investigation.
Treatment Outcome ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Intracranial Aneurysm/radiography/*therapy ; Humans ; Hematoma/radiography/*therapy ; Female ; Embolization, Therapeutic/*methods ; Drainage/*methods ; Cerebral Angiography ; Aneurysm, Ruptured/radiography/*therapy ; Adult

OBJECT: With the recent variable treatment modalities and the development of microsurgical techniques, outcomes of surgical and medical management of aneurysm have shown much progress in the last 10 years. However, the management of posterior circulation aneurysm is still a debatable due to its difficulty in limited surgical approach, complicated anatomical structure and many small perforators to vital structure. The purpose of this study is to compare the results of clinical manifestation and outcome of surgery with respect to anterior and posterior circulation aneurysms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated the 33 patients with PCAs(posterior circulation aneurysm) and 359 patients with ACAs(anterior circulation aneurysm) treated between 1994 and 1999, retrospectively. RESULTS: Posterior circulation aneurysms showed higher tendency(5 cases, 14.7%) to have unusual shapes, such as dissecting or fusiform compared with anterior circulation aneurysm(15 cases, 4.2%). There were more multiple aneurysms in posterior circulation aneurysm(8 cases, 26.5%) than anterior circulation aneurysm(59 cases, 16.2%). The number of patients with Hunt-Hess grade III or IV on admission were 91(25.3%) in anterior circulation aneurysms, and 14(42.4%) in posterior circulation aneurysms. There were higher incidences of vasospasm and acute hydrocephalus in patients with posterior circulation aneurysm. In cases of anterior circulation aneurysm, neck clipping was possible in 97%. But, in posterior circulation aneurysm, neck clipping was possible only in 67.7% of each. Two hundred forty four cases(85.0%) of all anterior circulation aneurysms and 22 cases(78.6%) of all posterior circulation aneurysms showed good recovery(GR) or moderate disability(MD). The postoperative mortality rates of anterior and posterior circulation aneurysms were 4.9% and 10.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that there exist substantial differences with respect to that there were few difference in the aspect of surgery and management outcome between posterior circulation aneurysms and anterior circulation aneurysms.
Aneurysm* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Neck ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Osteoarthritis ; Telomerase*

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is an intraepithelial neoplastic disorder which is included as a rare malignant condition. However, it sometimes shows aggressive behavior of local recurrence and coexisting malignancy. We had experienced nine cases of EMPD involving the scrotum for seven years. Two cases of them presented metastasis. The first case presented extensive inguinal lymph node metastasis with underlying adnexal adenocarcinoma one year after wide local excision. The second case initially presented multiple metastasis to the liver and in the lymph node. The latter, showing fulminant progression with liver metastasis, may be only the second case reported in English literature. EMPD is considered as a malignant neoplasm with aggressive behavior from initial presentation. Because wide local excision of the lesion alone may be occasionally insufficient, a careful follow-up must be done to detect recurrence or internal malignancy.
Aged ; Case Report ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Human ; Liver Neoplasms/secondary* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Paget's Disease, Extramammary/surgery ; Paget's Disease, Extramammary/pathology* ; Testicular Neoplasms/surgery ; Testicular Neoplasms/pathology*

Rice bodies are numerous small fibrinous, cartilaginous-like materials which were first described in tuberculous joints. Rice bodies are common findings in joints afflicted with rheumatoid arthritis or other seronegative arthropathy. But less commonly, those can be seen in periarticular bursae or at the sites of tendon or ligament insertion. Rice bodies, thought to be a nonspecific response to synovial inflammation, probably evolve from ischemia in a proliferative synovium. Some of these bodies contain a core of collagen with a mantle of fibrin, others contain only fibrin. Subacromial bursa are sometimes involved in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis and can reach impressive dimensions before becoming clinically detectable because significant constrain is lacking. Subacromial arthrography or magnetic resonance imaging accurately delineated the existence of cartilaginous loose bodies before surgical exision. We experienced a man with rheumatoid arthritis who had massive subacromial bursitis with rice bodies. His shoulder had been swollen since 5 years ago. He felt no pain and had only mild limitation of motion. Subacromial arthrography or magnetic resonance imaging of right shoulder showed multiple rice bodies in enlarged subacromial bursa. Operation finding showed a large encapsulated mass in the subacromial bursa, and hundreds of fibrinous rice bodies were revealed, which were resected. We report this patient with a review of literatures.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Arthrography ; Bursitis* ; Collagen ; Fibrin ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Ischemia ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Shoulder ; Synovial Membrane ; Tendons