Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are hospitalized for various conditions. Hospitalization increases the readmission rate and mortality rate, seriously deteriorating patients’ quality of life. Consequently, it is crucial to analyze the reasons for hospitalization in CKD patients from a broader perspective according to CKD grade. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of CKD patients entitled the KoreaN cohort study for Outcomes in patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD). A total of 2,238 patients were examined, and the reasons for hospitalization were classified into 16 disease categories. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) according to CKD stage was compared using negative bimodal regression analysis. Results: The all-cause hospitalization incidence was 184.96 per 1,000 person-years. The most common reason for hospitalization was circulatory system disease, followed by infection and digestive system disease. Among hospitalizations for acute kidney injury, endocrine-nutrition-metabolic–related illness, blood-related disease, and diseases of the nervous system and sensory organs, IRR increased as CKD grade advanced. The incidence of ophthalmologic surgery during hospitalization increased according to the CKD stage. The IRR of KNOW-CKD patients was 6.19 (95% confidence interval, 5.92–6.48; p < 0.001) compared with the general population. Conclusion: This in-depth analysis of hospitalizations among CKD patients confirmed that CKD patients were hospitalized for various reasons, such as metabolic, ophthalmic, and hematologic diseases. Early detection and intervention regarding causative diseases of CKD are important to reduce the hospitalization burden and improve patients’ quality of life.

OBJECTIVE: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common form of extra axial hemorrhage in the elderly. A surgical procedures such as a burr hole trephination are used for the CSDH treatment. The recurrence rate of CSDH is reported to range from 2.3 to 33%. In the current study, we focused on the determination of risk factors associated with the recurrence of CSDH. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 368 consecutive patients with CSDH treated by burr hole trephination. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to describe the relationships between clinical and radiological factors as well as the recurrence of CSDH. RESULTS: Totally 31 (8.4%) patients experienced a recurrence of CSDH in our study. The male group (10.2%) had a higher recurrence rate than the female group (3.1%). Also patients with malignant neoplasm history showed a high recurrence rate (17.9%). The recurrence rate of single layer CSDH (13.1%) and isodensity CSDH (11.7%) was highly significant also. CONCLUSION: Sex, history of malignant neoplasm and the hematoma type on computed tomography were factors related with the recurrence of CSDH in our study. These findings may be supportive in the identification of patients at risk for a recurrence of CSDH.
Aged ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Trephining