Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic fibroinflammatory systemic disorder. Predominantly, patients with submandibular swelling are diagnosed with this disease in otorhinolaryngology. However, due to its rarity and the limited understanding of the disease, accurate diagnosis can be challenging. Through a retrospective review of seven cases of IgG4- RD patients, our study analyzed the symptoms, diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities, and prognosis of the condition, contributing to a better understanding of IgG4-RD.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic fibroinflammatory systemic disorder. Predominantly, patients with submandibular swelling are diagnosed with this disease in otorhinolaryngology. However, due to its rarity and the limited understanding of the disease, accurate diagnosis can be challenging. Through a retrospective review of seven cases of IgG4- RD patients, our study analyzed the symptoms, diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities, and prognosis of the condition, contributing to a better understanding of IgG4-RD.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic fibroinflammatory systemic disorder. Predominantly, patients with submandibular swelling are diagnosed with this disease in otorhinolaryngology. However, due to its rarity and the limited understanding of the disease, accurate diagnosis can be challenging. Through a retrospective review of seven cases of IgG4- RD patients, our study analyzed the symptoms, diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities, and prognosis of the condition, contributing to a better understanding of IgG4-RD.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic fibroinflammatory systemic disorder. Predominantly, patients with submandibular swelling are diagnosed with this disease in otorhinolaryngology. However, due to its rarity and the limited understanding of the disease, accurate diagnosis can be challenging. Through a retrospective review of seven cases of IgG4- RD patients, our study analyzed the symptoms, diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities, and prognosis of the condition, contributing to a better understanding of IgG4-RD.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic fibroinflammatory systemic disorder. Predominantly, patients with submandibular swelling are diagnosed with this disease in otorhinolaryngology. However, due to its rarity and the limited understanding of the disease, accurate diagnosis can be challenging. Through a retrospective review of seven cases of IgG4- RD patients, our study analyzed the symptoms, diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities, and prognosis of the condition, contributing to a better understanding of IgG4-RD.

Informed consent is a fundamental aspect of surgical care, designed to reinforce patient autonomy, promote shared decision-making, and potentially mitigate legal conflicts by ensuring the provision of comprehensive and consistent information in clinical practice. The Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) previously published detailed informed consent documents for cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer surgery. However, standardized consent forms remain relatively lacking for laparoscopic-robotic hysterectomy performed for non-malignant indications, as well as for vulvar cancer surgery. Hence, the KSGO subcommittee collected, reviewed, and discussed consent forms from domestic medical institutions and subsequently developed informed consent for laparoscopic-robotic hysterectomy and vulvar cancer surgery, aiming to build patient trust and understanding.

Extramedullary relapse of acute promyelocytic leukemia is rare and has been reported in 3%- 5% of patients. Relapse in the external auditory canal and the temporal bone is even more uncommon and scarcely reported. We encountered a 69-year-old male who complained about right ear pain and hearing loss. The patient had extramedullary relapse of acute promyelocytic leukemia in the right external auditory canal and in the temporal bone.

Background and Objectives: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a treatment option for subjective tinnitus. There are many reports on its clinical efficacy, but the protocol has not been well established. The purpose of this study was to set an outpatient-based CBT protocol and evaluate its clinical efficacy for tinnitus.Subjects and Method A total of 85 chronic tinnitus patients was assessed in this prospective study. After evaluating for eligibility, 30 patients completed CBT based on a protocol of 5 weekly sessions in an outpatient setting. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed by Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaires and visual analogue scale (VAS) for tinnitus. The initial scores were compared with the final scores, which were assessed a month after the fifth CBT session. Results: The results showed that CBT reduced THI and VAS scores significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion The results of the study suggest that an outpatient-based CBT protocol can be clinically beneficial for patients with tinnitus.

Purpose: Brachytherapy is essential for treating gynecological cancers as it offers precise radiation delivery to tumors while minimizing radiation exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. The Geneva applicator, introduced in 2020 as a replacement for older models like the Utrecht applicator, enhances MRI-based brachytherapy with improved imaging capabilities and more accurate applicator placement. In 2021, updates to non-reimbursement policies in Korea for MRI-based 3D brachytherapy planning further promoted the adoption of advanced techniques such as the Geneva applicator. This study aims to commission the Geneva applicator, focusing on wall thickness, dummy marker positions, and source dwell positions to ensure accurate dose delivery and safety. Methods: The commissioning process involved measuring wall thickness in both the longitudinal and transverse directions for the tandem and lunar-shaped ovoid tubes and comparing thesemeasurements with the manufacturer’s specifications. Dummy marker positions were verifiedusing CT imaging, with a focus on alignment tolerances of ±1 mm. Source dwell positions were planned using the Oncentra treatment planning system, with measurements taken using EBT4 film and analyzed with RIT software. Results: Wall thickness measurements and dummy marker positions were within the specified tolerance ranges, confirming their accuracy. The source dwell positions, measured and analyzedthrough multiple tests, were all within the ±1 mm tolerance, ensuring the applicator’s reliability. Conclusions The Geneva applicator met all standards for safe and effective use in brachytherapy.The use of a 3D-printed holder was crucial for precise alignment and measurement. With updated reimbursement policies in Korea for MRI-based brachytherapy, the Geneva applicator is expected to significantly impact the future of advanced brachytherapy treatments and research.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of facilitating target delineation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients undergoing stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) for lung tumors by lung expansion and respiratory motion management. Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective single-institutional trial of patients who were diagnosed with either primary lung cancer or lung metastases and received SABR with a dose of 40 to 60 Gy in 4 fractions. Four-dimensional computed tomography simulations were conducted for each patient: once without CPAP and again with CPAP. Results: Thirty-two patients with 39 tumors were analyzed, after the withdrawal of five patients due to discomfort. For 26 tumors separated from the diaphragm, CPAP significantly increased the superoinferior distance between the tumor and the diaphragm (5.96 cm vs. 8.06 cm; p < 0.001). For 13 tumors located adjacent to the diaphragm, CPAP decreased the overlap of planning target volume (PTV) with the diaphragm significantly (6.32 cm3 vs. 4.09 cm3; p = 0.002). PTV showed a significant reduction with CPAP (25.06 cm3 vs. 22.52 cm3, p = 0.017). In dosimetric analyses, CPAP expanded lung volume by 58.4% with a significant reduction in mean dose and V5 to V40. No more than grade 2 adverse events were reported. Conclusion This trial demonstrated significant improvement of CPAP in target delineation uncertainties for lung SABR, with dosimetric benefits, a favorable safety profile and tolerability. Further investigation is warranted to explore the role of CPAP as a novel strategy for respiratory motion management.