The experience of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has highlighted the importance of paid sick leave and sickness benefits, and is creating an international movement to introduce or improve real-world systems. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries except Korea and the United States already have statutory paid sick leave or sickness benefits, with the United Kingdom extending statutory paid sick leave to low-income workers in 2025, and Ireland introducing statutory paid sick leave in 2023. In the United States, 19 states, including Minnesota in 2024 and Alaska and Missouri in 2025, as well as the District of Columbia, have introduced statutory paid sick leave (as of December 2024). Furthermore, an analysis of 33 OECD countries with statutory paid sick leave or sickness benefits suggests that 21 countries comply with the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention standards for adequacy of benefits and comprehensiveness of coverage, while six countries with social assistance have high comprehensiveness of coverage but low adequacy of benefits. There was not a single country with a program that had low levels of both benefit adequacy and coverage. In Korea, the pilot sickness benefit program has been extended until 2027, and the system has been delayed. The principles of benefit adequacy and coverage comprehensiveness must be upheld for the purpose and intent of the program to ensure adequate care and rest. Consequently, in addition to adhering to the standards outlined in the ILO Convention, the implementation of paid sick leave should be codified in legislation to enhance employer accountability.

Acquired dermal melanocytosis, characterized by the presence of melanocytes in the dermis, varies in the timing and location of occurrence. While congenital cases, such as Mongolian spots, nevus of Ota, nevus of Ito, and blue nevus, are common, acquired cases also occur. Acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules is relatively common in Asians;however, extrafacial cases, particularly those involving both the face and extremities, are extremely rare. We report the case of a 66-year-old man with symmetric pigmented patches on the scalp, face, shoulders, and dorsa of the hands for 9 months, following the onset of spots on the forehead and nose that progressively spread. Notably, nasal ala pigmentation was confirmed. Histopathological examination revealed scattered melanin-containing dendritic cells in the upper dermis. Based on the clinicopathological findings, he was diagnosed with acquired dermal melanocytosis of the face and extremities, representing a rare case.

Ganglion cysts originating from the volar wrist joint are usually found on the volar side. A case report has described a patient with a dorsal wrist ganglion originating from the scapholunate ligament and appearing at a volar location. However, no cases of volar wrist ganglia appearing on the dorsal wrist have been reported. Herein, we present a rare case of a large dorsal ganglion cyst originating from the volar scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal (STT) joint that pierced the first dorsal interosseous muscle, leading to dorsal bulging. A 40-year-old woman presented with a progressively growing mass over the dorsal aspect of her left wrist and mild pain. Preoperative imaging showed a ganglion cyst originating from the volar side of the STT joint. The ganglion was successfully removed through open surgery. In conclusion, since ganglion cysts occurring in the dorsal wrist, especially if there is deviation to the radial side, may originate from the volar midcarpal joint, magnetic resonance imaging is necessary to reduce the risk of recurrence and minimize the likelihood of postoperative complications.

Acquired dermal melanocytosis, characterized by the presence of melanocytes in the dermis, varies in the timing and location of occurrence. While congenital cases, such as Mongolian spots, nevus of Ota, nevus of Ito, and blue nevus, are common, acquired cases also occur. Acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules is relatively common in Asians;however, extrafacial cases, particularly those involving both the face and extremities, are extremely rare. We report the case of a 66-year-old man with symmetric pigmented patches on the scalp, face, shoulders, and dorsa of the hands for 9 months, following the onset of spots on the forehead and nose that progressively spread. Notably, nasal ala pigmentation was confirmed. Histopathological examination revealed scattered melanin-containing dendritic cells in the upper dermis. Based on the clinicopathological findings, he was diagnosed with acquired dermal melanocytosis of the face and extremities, representing a rare case.

Marjolin’s ulcer is a rare but aggressive form of skin cancer that often presents significant surgical challenges due to the complex anatomy of the pelvis and the necessity for wide excision to avoid recurrence. This case report highlights the innovative use of a 3-dimensional (3D)–printed model for the precise planning and successful execution of a high partial sacrectomy in a 48-year-old male patient with quadriplegia. This patient, who had sustained a cervical spine injury in 1996, developed a sacral pressure sore that progressed into a Marjolin's ulcer. Utilizing high-resolution 3D computed tomography scans, we created a detailed 3D-printed model of the patient's sacrum, which facilitated a thorough understanding of the tumor's anatomy and its spatial relationships with critical structures. This approach significantly aided the surgical team in executing a challenging excision while minimizing risk to the adjacent organs. This case underscores the potential of 3D printing technology to enhance surgical planning and outcomes in complex oncological resections, particularly in anatomically challenging regions.

Ganglion cysts originating from the volar wrist joint are usually found on the volar side. A case report has described a patient with a dorsal wrist ganglion originating from the scapholunate ligament and appearing at a volar location. However, no cases of volar wrist ganglia appearing on the dorsal wrist have been reported. Herein, we present a rare case of a large dorsal ganglion cyst originating from the volar scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal (STT) joint that pierced the first dorsal interosseous muscle, leading to dorsal bulging. A 40-year-old woman presented with a progressively growing mass over the dorsal aspect of her left wrist and mild pain. Preoperative imaging showed a ganglion cyst originating from the volar side of the STT joint. The ganglion was successfully removed through open surgery. In conclusion, since ganglion cysts occurring in the dorsal wrist, especially if there is deviation to the radial side, may originate from the volar midcarpal joint, magnetic resonance imaging is necessary to reduce the risk of recurrence and minimize the likelihood of postoperative complications.

Acquired dermal melanocytosis, characterized by the presence of melanocytes in the dermis, varies in the timing and location of occurrence. While congenital cases, such as Mongolian spots, nevus of Ota, nevus of Ito, and blue nevus, are common, acquired cases also occur. Acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules is relatively common in Asians;however, extrafacial cases, particularly those involving both the face and extremities, are extremely rare. We report the case of a 66-year-old man with symmetric pigmented patches on the scalp, face, shoulders, and dorsa of the hands for 9 months, following the onset of spots on the forehead and nose that progressively spread. Notably, nasal ala pigmentation was confirmed. Histopathological examination revealed scattered melanin-containing dendritic cells in the upper dermis. Based on the clinicopathological findings, he was diagnosed with acquired dermal melanocytosis of the face and extremities, representing a rare case.

Ganglion cysts originating from the volar wrist joint are usually found on the volar side. A case report has described a patient with a dorsal wrist ganglion originating from the scapholunate ligament and appearing at a volar location. However, no cases of volar wrist ganglia appearing on the dorsal wrist have been reported. Herein, we present a rare case of a large dorsal ganglion cyst originating from the volar scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal (STT) joint that pierced the first dorsal interosseous muscle, leading to dorsal bulging. A 40-year-old woman presented with a progressively growing mass over the dorsal aspect of her left wrist and mild pain. Preoperative imaging showed a ganglion cyst originating from the volar side of the STT joint. The ganglion was successfully removed through open surgery. In conclusion, since ganglion cysts occurring in the dorsal wrist, especially if there is deviation to the radial side, may originate from the volar midcarpal joint, magnetic resonance imaging is necessary to reduce the risk of recurrence and minimize the likelihood of postoperative complications.

Acquired dermal melanocytosis, characterized by the presence of melanocytes in the dermis, varies in the timing and location of occurrence. While congenital cases, such as Mongolian spots, nevus of Ota, nevus of Ito, and blue nevus, are common, acquired cases also occur. Acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules is relatively common in Asians;however, extrafacial cases, particularly those involving both the face and extremities, are extremely rare. We report the case of a 66-year-old man with symmetric pigmented patches on the scalp, face, shoulders, and dorsa of the hands for 9 months, following the onset of spots on the forehead and nose that progressively spread. Notably, nasal ala pigmentation was confirmed. Histopathological examination revealed scattered melanin-containing dendritic cells in the upper dermis. Based on the clinicopathological findings, he was diagnosed with acquired dermal melanocytosis of the face and extremities, representing a rare case.