Background: and Purpose: To assess the long-term effectiveness, safety, and economic viability of recently approved Alzheimer’s disease (AD) therapies, as well as to evaluate the real-world application of novel diagnostics among AD patients with diverse comorbidities, comprehensive real-world data (RWD) analysis is essential. The Korean JOint RegistrY for ALZheimer’s Treatment and Diagnostics (JOY-ALZ) endeavors to create a registry of RWD derived from clinical practice on new diagnostic methods and therapeutic agents for AD introduced in Korea since 2021. Methods: Participants must fulfill all the following: 1) be at least 19 years old; 2) be actively receiving, scheduled to initiate, or undergoing evaluation for any AD disease-modifying treatment; 3) have completed amyloid positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid AD immunoassay (a positive result is not essential for participation); 4) have a clinical classification of cognitively unimpaired, mild cognitive impairment, or probable AD dementia. Data generated during routine care is segmented into a minimum dataset, extended dataset, and research-only dataset requiring extra consent. Assessments encompass clinical, cognitive, functional, neurobehavioral, neuroimaging, and biomarker evaluations, in addition to systematic monitoring of new AD treatments and their safety.Data are collected and monitored at baseline, at semiannual intervals during the initial 2 years, and then annually up to 2034. To date, 46 medical centers will participate in JOY-ALZ. Conclusions JOY-ALZ is expected to promote understanding of the long-term clinical outcomes, safety, and cost-effectiveness of recently introduced diagnostics and treatments for AD, thereby supporting the progress of precision medicine in AD care and diagnosis.

Background: Post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is a frequent complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), yet the relationship between serum magnesium (Mg) level and PHH remains unclear. To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study to specifically examine the association between admission serum Mg level and PHH in aSAH patients. Methods: In this prospective, multicenter study (October 2019–October 2024), 131 patients with confirmed aSAH were enrolled from four neuro-intensive care units. Patients were stratified by admission serum Mg level as <2.2 mg/dL or ≥2.2 mg/dL. The primary outcome was PHH incidence; secondary outcomes were cerebral vasospasm (CV), delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), and 30-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Serum Mg ≥2.2 mg/dL was not significantly associated with reduced vasospasm, DCI, or poor functional outcome. However, serum Mg >2.5 mg/dL correlated with lower PHH incidence in univariate analysis (odds ratio, 0.36; P=0.027) but not in multivariate analysis (P=0.136). Independent predictors of PHH were posterior circulation aneurysm, high Fisher grade, and high Hunt and Hess grade. Poor 30-day mRS was independently associated with high Fisher and Hunt and Hess grades. Conclusions Admission serum Mg level was not independently associated with PHH, although a potential protective trend was noted at higher levels (>2.5 mg/dL). These findings suggest a possible role of Mg in PHH prevention. Further prospective trials are warranted to clarify the therapeutic potential of Mg and to establish optimal monitoring and correction strategies in aSAH management.

Purpose: The surgical approaches and types of implants used for the fixation of distal-third humerus shaft fractures remain a matter of debate. We examined fracture patterns and evaluated the feasibility of plate fixation via an anterior approach. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 22 patients who underwent surgical treatment for distal-third humerus fractures from 2019 to 2023, with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months for all included patients. An anterolateral approach was used to perform open reduction and internal fixation. The minimum cortical width required for screw fixation at the most proximal part of the distal fragment was set at 10 mm. Results: The mean age of the patients was 38 years. Simple spiral and wedge fractures were predominant (86.3%). The distal fragment fracture line distribution was, on average, 30 mm (4–50 mm) to 101 mm (57–145 mm) from the coronoid fossa proximal margin. The mean distance sufficient to achieve bicortical purchase, engaging both the near and far cortices, was 61 mm (36–96 mm). An anterolateral approach was used in 18 patients based on computed tomography measurements of approximately 50 mm. An average of eight cortices were fixed in the distal fragment. All patients achieved bone union within 12 weeks without complications (mean, 12.69±2.43 weeks). Conclusion Stable fixation was achieved with an anterior straight plate when 50 mm of the distal fragment was secured from the coronoid fossa’s proximal margin, with both cortices measuring at least 10 mm in width.

Purpose: The surgical approaches and types of implants used for the fixation of distal-third humerus shaft fractures remain a matter of debate. We examined fracture patterns and evaluated the feasibility of plate fixation via an anterior approach. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 22 patients who underwent surgical treatment for distal-third humerus fractures from 2019 to 2023, with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months for all included patients. An anterolateral approach was used to perform open reduction and internal fixation. The minimum cortical width required for screw fixation at the most proximal part of the distal fragment was set at 10 mm. Results: The mean age of the patients was 38 years. Simple spiral and wedge fractures were predominant (86.3%). The distal fragment fracture line distribution was, on average, 30 mm (4–50 mm) to 101 mm (57–145 mm) from the coronoid fossa proximal margin. The mean distance sufficient to achieve bicortical purchase, engaging both the near and far cortices, was 61 mm (36–96 mm). An anterolateral approach was used in 18 patients based on computed tomography measurements of approximately 50 mm. An average of eight cortices were fixed in the distal fragment. All patients achieved bone union within 12 weeks without complications (mean, 12.69±2.43 weeks). Conclusion Stable fixation was achieved with an anterior straight plate when 50 mm of the distal fragment was secured from the coronoid fossa’s proximal margin, with both cortices measuring at least 10 mm in width.

Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in South Korea, imposing substantial physical, emotional, and financial burdens on patients and society. Despite the high burden of symptom and complex care needs of HF patients, palliative care and hospice services remain underutilized in South Korea due to cultural, institutional, and knowledge-related barriers. This position statement from the Korean Society of Heart Failure emphasizes the need for integrating palliative and hospice care into HF management to improve quality of life and support holistic care for patients and their families. By clarifying the role of palliative care in HF and proposing practical referral criteria, this position statement aims to bridge the gap between HF and palliative care services in South Korea, ultimately improving patient-centered outcomes and aligning treatment with the goals and values of HF patients.

Purpose: The surgical approaches and types of implants used for the fixation of distal-third humerus shaft fractures remain a matter of debate. We examined fracture patterns and evaluated the feasibility of plate fixation via an anterior approach. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 22 patients who underwent surgical treatment for distal-third humerus fractures from 2019 to 2023, with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months for all included patients. An anterolateral approach was used to perform open reduction and internal fixation. The minimum cortical width required for screw fixation at the most proximal part of the distal fragment was set at 10 mm. Results: The mean age of the patients was 38 years. Simple spiral and wedge fractures were predominant (86.3%). The distal fragment fracture line distribution was, on average, 30 mm (4–50 mm) to 101 mm (57–145 mm) from the coronoid fossa proximal margin. The mean distance sufficient to achieve bicortical purchase, engaging both the near and far cortices, was 61 mm (36–96 mm). An anterolateral approach was used in 18 patients based on computed tomography measurements of approximately 50 mm. An average of eight cortices were fixed in the distal fragment. All patients achieved bone union within 12 weeks without complications (mean, 12.69±2.43 weeks). Conclusion Stable fixation was achieved with an anterior straight plate when 50 mm of the distal fragment was secured from the coronoid fossa’s proximal margin, with both cortices measuring at least 10 mm in width.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the origins of prostatic arteries (PAs) in the Korean population and compare them with those reported in the literature. Materials and Methods: From April 2018 to February 2024, 108 male (mean age ± standard deviation: 71.6 ± 9.7 years) with lower urinary tract symptoms (n = 102) or refractory hematuria (n = 6) underwent prostatic artery embolization (PAE). Computed tomography and angiography images were retrospectively reviewed. The branching pattern of the internal iliac artery (IIA) was classified according to the Yamaki system. The origin of the PA was categorized using the de Assis definition, and the incidence of each type was recorded. A systematic literature review was conducted and the most common types of PA were investigated. Results: PAE was successfully implemented on 211 of the 216 pelvic sidewalls. PA cannulation failed in five sidewalls due to a steno-occlusive state. The most common IIA type was type A, in which the IIA was divided into the superior gluteal artery and gluteal–pudendal trunk (77%). Of 226 PAs analyzed, including 15 in 211 sidewalls exhibiting dual PAs, the most common PA origin was the internal pudendal artery (type IV, 35%), followed by the superior vesical (type I, 25%) and obturator (type III, 21%) arteries. Anterior division of IIA (type II) was less common (10%). Type V (uncommon origins) occurred in 8% of cases, including five distal internal pudendal arteries, four quadfurcations, three inferior gluteal arteries, three trifurcations, two medial femoral circumflex arteries, and two rectal arteries. Two of the five patients with surgically or endovascularly altered anatomy were successfully treated via PAs originating from the medial femoral circumflex arteries. Globally, type I is the most common PA type. Conclusion In the Korean population, the most common IIA pattern and PA origin were types A and IV, respectively.

Although the proportion of edentulous patients is declining, the aging population has resulted in an increase in their absolute numbers. Conventional complete dentures can partially restore oral function but have significant limitations such as low retention and relatively poor masticatory ability. Therefore, implant overdentures have been proposed as an alternative, offering enhanced functionality, higher patient satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness compared to fixed implants. In this case, a 74-year-old female patient presented with complaints about her existing implant overdenture, fabricated in 2010, which frequently dislodged and was aesthetically unpleasing. Clinical examination revealed worn attachments and artificial teeth, as well as insufficient upper lip support. It was decided to remake the implant overdentures utilizing the existing implants. During the fabrication, the patient continued to use her previous denture. After evaluating the occlusal relationships, facial form, and vertical dimension, the new overdentures were fabricated. The newly created implant overdentures showed satisfactory aesthetic and functional results, and the patient was satisfied.

Purpose: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is considered a microvascular disorder and serves as an indicator for the potential development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) reflects early myocardial damage caused by microvascular disorders, the association between ED and LVDD remains poorly elucidated. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 123 patients with ED. They underwent RigiScan, and conventional echocardiography, and attempted International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire. ED severity was evaluated by measuring changes in the penile base circumference and duration of penile rigidity (≥70%) during erection. The early diastolic velocity of mitral inflow (E) and early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus (e′) were measured using echocardiography. The patients were grouped based on the presence of CVD. Results: Among 123 patients, 29 had CVD and 94 did not. Patients with CVD exhibited more pronounced ED and more severe LVDD. Associations between increased penile circumference with echocardiographic parameters were more prominent in patients with CVD than in those without CVD (ΔTtop and e′ wave, r=0.508 and r=0.282, respectively, p for interaction=0.033; ΔTbase and E/e′ ratio, r=-0.338 and r=-0.293, respectively, p for interaction <0.001). In the multivariate linear regression, the increase of penile base circumference was an independent risk factor for LVDD (e′, B=0.503; E/e′ ratio, B=-1.416, respectively, p<0.001). Conclusions ED severity correlated well with LV diastolic dysfunction, particularly in the presence of CVD. This study highlighted the potential role of ED assessment as early indicator of CVD development.

Although the proportion of edentulous patients is declining, the aging population has resulted in an increase in their absolute numbers. Conventional complete dentures can partially restore oral function but have significant limitations such as low retention and relatively poor masticatory ability. Therefore, implant overdentures have been proposed as an alternative, offering enhanced functionality, higher patient satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness compared to fixed implants. In this case, a 74-year-old female patient presented with complaints about her existing implant overdenture, fabricated in 2010, which frequently dislodged and was aesthetically unpleasing. Clinical examination revealed worn attachments and artificial teeth, as well as insufficient upper lip support. It was decided to remake the implant overdentures utilizing the existing implants. During the fabrication, the patient continued to use her previous denture. After evaluating the occlusal relationships, facial form, and vertical dimension, the new overdentures were fabricated. The newly created implant overdentures showed satisfactory aesthetic and functional results, and the patient was satisfied.