Dry eye disease(DED)is a multifactorial disorder with an unclear pathogenesis. Advances in omics technologies have introduced a novel medical research approach, enabling the identification of global response variables from a single-factor perspective. However, multi-omics methods integrate multiple omics datasets to analyze all potential response variables, generating multidimensional and evidence-supported holistic inferences. These insights help elucidate functional impairments of ocular cells and biomolecular processes during disease progression, thereby revealing correlations between biomolecules and complex diseases. This review summarizes the application of multi-omics technologies in clarifying the pathogenesis and intricate molecular mechanisms of dry eye disease. Distinctive features from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics are integrated to deepen the understanding of the pathogenesis and complex molecular mechanisms underlying dry eye disease.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the causes and influencing factors of unplanned reoperations and to propose strategies for reducing their incidence.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted by comparing medical records of patients with and without unplanned reoperations at a tertiary general hospital in Guangxi throughout 2024.Descriptive statis-tics,chi-square tests,and logistic regression were used to analyze contributing factors.Results Among 43,612 surgeries per-formed in 2024,135 unplanned reoperations were recorded,yielding an overall incidence of 3.09％o.The main causes included postoperative bleeding,complications(e.g.,fistula,infarction,thrombosis),and incision-related issues(e.g.,infection,poor healing).Significant differences(P＜0.05)were observed between the reoperation and non-reoperation groups in gender(x2=11.654),age(x2=19.393),grade of initial surgery(x2=12.405),surgeon's title(x2=14.572),nature of initial surgery(x2=20.287),and patient case classification(x2=21.578).These variables were also identified as significant influencing fac-tors(P＜0.05),with gender,age,nature of surgery,grade Ⅲ surgery,and case classification types B/D being independent risk factors.Conclusion Unplanned reoperation serves as a key indicator of surgical quality and safety.Interventions such as en-hanced hospital-and department-level management,perioperative process optimization,and surgical service mechanism improve-ments are recommended to reduce the incidence of unplanned reoperations.

Objective To evaluate the safety of Solanine ointment for skin application,and to investigate its mechanism of action in treating traumatic synovitis of the knee joint in a rabbit model.Methods Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits were di-vided into four groups(n=4 per group):intact skin single-dose group,intact skin multiple-dose group,damaged skin single-dose group,and damaged skin multiple-dose group.The skin irritation of Solanine ointment was assessed by comparing the skin on both sides of the spine in rabbits with intact and damaged skin.Eighteen guinea pigs were divided into three groups(n=6 per group):blank group,Solanine ointment group,and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB)group.The blank group received the vehi-cle,the Solanine ointment group received Solanine ointment,and the DNCB group received DNCB.The skin allergic reactions were observed.Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into five groups(n=6 per group):blank group,model group,Solanine ointment low-dose group,Solanine ointment high-dose group,and Voltaren group.Except for the blank group,a traumatic synovitis model was established in the other groups.After topical application of the ointments,changes in knee joint circumference and skin temperature were measured.Pathological changes in knee joint synovial tissue were observed using he-matoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Joint effusion and abnormal blood flow signals were detected using color Doppler ultra-sound.Levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the synovial fluid were tested using ELISA.Protein expressions of NLRP3,pro-Caspase-1,and cleaved-Caspase-1 in the synovial tissue were determined using Western blotting.Results Skin irritation test showed that a single application of Solanine ointment on intact skin caused no irritation.Mild irritation was observed on the first day of multi-ple applications on intact skin,which subsided by the third day.Both single and multiple applications of Solanine ointment caused moderate irritation on damaged skin.Skin allergy test showed that no allergic reaction was observed in the guinea pigs of either the Solanine ointment group or the blank group.Compared with the blank group,the model group exhibited significantly increased knee joint circumference and skin temperature(both P＜0.01),obvious synovial thickening with a large amount of ef-fusion,inflammatory infiltration of synovial cells dominated by plasma cells and lymphocytes,disordered tissue arrangement,sig-nificantly elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the synovial fluid(all P＜0.01),and significantly increased protein expression of NLRP3,pro-Caspase-1,and cleaved-Caspase-1 in the synovial tissue(all P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,each drug treatment group showed significantly decreased knee joint circumference and skin temperature(all P＜0.01),improved synovial thickness,effusion,and inflammatory infiltration,significantly reduced levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the synovial fluid(all P＜0.01).Except for the low-dose Solanine ointment group,high-dose Solanine ointment group and the Voltaren group showed sig-nificant reductions in protein expression of NLRP3,pro-Caspase-1,and cleaved-Caspase-1 in the synovial tissue(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Solanine ointment exhibits mild irritation on intact skin and moderate irritation on damaged skin,therefore it is unsuitable for application on broken skin.There is no skin sensitization after application.Solanine ointment can alleviate the pro-gression of traumatic synovitis of the knee joint,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the NLRP3 inflamma-some.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of leptospirosis in Wenzhou City, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies of leptospirosis in Wenzhou City.Methods:Information on leptospirosis case from 2019 to 2023 was collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the three-dimensional distribution and clinical manifestations of leptospirosis.Results:From 2019 to 2023, the annual average incidence rate of leptospirosis in Wenzhou City was 0.43/100 000, and the annual average mortality was 0.01/100 000. The incidence rate was the highest in 2021 (0.74/100 000), and there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence rate over the five years ( χ2 = 35.48, P < 0.001). Cases were reported in all regions in Wenzhou City except for Dongtou District and Longgang City, with Yongjia County had the highest number of cases (114 cases). The impact rate of streets/townships was 35.14% (65/185), among them Yongjia County had the highest impact rate of steets/townships (86.36%, 19/22). The onset season was from August to October (88.83%, 159/179), with a male to female ratio of 4.97 ∶ 1.00 (149/30). The age group of 61 - 70 years old was the most affected (39.66%, 71/179), and farmers were the main occupation (70.95%, 127/179). Twenty-six point eighty-two per cent (48/179) of the cases had a clear history of animal contact within one month before onset, and 68.16% (122/179) had a history of contact with contaminated water. The main clinical type was influenza-typhoid type (23.46%, 42/179), with the main clinical manifestations being fever (84.92%, 152/179), chills (55.87%, 100/179), and fatigue (62.57%, 112/179). Twelve point twenty-nine per cent 12.29% (22/179), 8.38% (15/179), and 22.91% (41/179) of cases showed conjunctival congestion, lymph node enlargement, and gastrocnemius muscle tenderness, respectively. Clinical outcomes showed that 73.74% (132/179) of the cases recovered or improved, and 3 cases died. Conclusions:From 2019 to 2023, the overall prevalence of leptospirosis in Wenzhou City is at a low level, but there are deaths that need to be taken seriously. In order to control the disease, continuous monitoring should be carried out, health education for relevant populations should be strengthened, and the risk of leptospirosis should be reduced.

Objective To compare the effectiveness between ultrasound-guided paravertebral block(PVB)and general anesthesia in percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL).Methods Clinical data of 284 patients who underwent PCNL in our hospital from January 2023 to March 2024 were collected.These were 78 cases of PVB(PVB group)and 206 cases of general anesthesia(general anesthesia group).A total of 61 cases in each of the two groups were matched with propensity score,and the operative time,intraoperative fluid infusion volume,postoperative haemoglobin changes,postoperative visual analogue scale(VAS),hospital stay,hospital costs,and incidence of postoperative complications were compared.Results The operations were completed in both groups of patients successfully,with stable vital signs during the operation and no intraoperative anesthetic complications such as bradycardia,respiratory depression,or hypotension.There were significant differences between the two groups in heart rate(HR)before the start of surgery[(66.5±10.4)beats/min vs.(77.5±11.7)beats/min,t=-5.471,P=0.000],HR at the end of surgery[(60.5±8.4)beats/min vs.(71.0±12.3)beats/min,t=-5.472,P=0.000],mean arterial pressure(MAP)before the start of surgery[(97.2±11.9)mm Hg vs.(103.1±12.3)mm Hg,t=-2.694,P=0.008],MAP at the end of surgery[(85.2±8.8)mm Hg vs.(94.3±11.6)mm Hg,t=-4.892,P=0.000],pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2)before the start of surgery[(99.0±1.1)％vs.(99.6±0.6)％,t=-3.347,P=0.001]and SpO2 at the end of surgery[(99.2±1.1)％vs.(99.8±0.4)％,t=-4.122,P=0.000].The operative time was significantly shorter in the PVB group than that in the general anesthesia group[55.0(41.5,75.5)min vs.95.0(65.0,130.0)min,Z=-5.173,P=0.000].The postoperative haemoglobin changes[5(2,11)g/L vs.8(4,11)g/L,Z=-2.099,P=0.036],postoperative VAS score[1(1,1)points vs.1(1,2)points,Z=-3.342,P=0.001],postoperative hospital stay[3(2,3)dvs.4(3,6)d,Z=-6.016,P=0.000]and hospital costs[(14 499.4±2141.0)yuan vs.(19 634.2±3846.8)yuan,t=-9.109,P=0.000]were statistically lower in the PVB group than those in the general anesthesia group.Comparison of intraoperative fluid infusion volume[600(600,600)ml vs.600(600,1100)ml,Z=-1.800,P=0.072],postoperative venting time[1(1,1)d vs.1(1,1)d,Z=-1.045,P=0.296],and phase Ⅰ stone removal rate[88.5％(54/61)vs.82.0％(50/61),x2=1.043,P=0.307]showed no significant differences between the two groups.The incidence of postoperative complications in the PVB group was significantly lower than that in the general anesthesia group[6.6％(4/61)vs.19.7％(12/61),x2=4.604,P=0.032].Conclusion Ultrasound-guided PVB in PCNL maintains stable intraoperative vital signs,reduces operative time and bleeding,alleviates postoperative pain,reduces postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay,and saves medical costs,having a good safety and efficacy.

Objective To analyze the cunent situation and latent profiles of nurses'perceived organizational support,and explore the influencing factors of different types.Methods Through convenience sampling,a total of 1,860 nurses from the Pearl River Delta,Northern Guangdong,Eastern Guangdong and Western Guangdong regions of Guangdong Province were selected for the survey between October and December 2023.The demographic questionnaire,the Perceived Organizational Support Scale,and the Psychological Resilience Scale were used for investigation.The latent profiles of the nurses'perceived organizational support,the influencing factors of latent profiles were identified by single-factor analysis and multivariate Logistic regression.Results The score of the items of the perceived organizational support in l,819 nurses is(3.47±0.88)scores.Nurses perceived organizational support is divided into 3 latent classes,namely"poor group"(10.1％),"balanced group"(44.4％),and"rich group"(45.5％).The influencing factors include recruitment type,hospital level,and psychological resilience(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The perceived organizational support among nurses is moderately high and heterogeneous,which could be divided into 3 latent profiles.Nursing managers should focus on nurses from the poor group and balanced group and intervene with nurses according to the influencing factors of the different latent profiles to improve the level of nurses perceived organizational support.

Objective To construct a quality evaluation index system for non-medical technical services in public hospitals,aiming to provide a more scientific and feasible basis for evaluating patient service quality.Methods Based on literature research,the SERVQUAL theory was used to preliminarily formulate a comprehensive and full-cycle evaluation index for patient service quality.The final evaluation index system was determined through expert consultation,and the Analytic Hierarchy Process was used to determine the weights of the evaluation indices.Results The questionnaire response rates for the two rounds of expert consultation were both 100％.The authority coefficients of the experts were 0.82 and 0.80,respectively,indicating a high level of expert authority.The Kendall's W coefficient increased from 0.088 to 0.107 between the two rounds,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001),indicating good consistency of expert opinions.The consistency results of each judgment matrix were less than 0.1,passing the consistency test.The final evaluation index system consisted of six primary indicators (tangibility,reliability,responsiveness,assurance,empathy,and continuity) and 33 secondary indicators.Conclusion The selection of evaluation indicators revolves around the core service processes of outpatient,inpatient,and other hospital services,focusing on key elements at various critical junctures that influence patient experience.The evaluation indicators aim to guide hospitals to improve not only essential needs but also desired improvements in service quality,thus promoting the continuous enhancement of hospital services.

Objective To evaluate the safety of Solanine ointment for skin application,and to investigate its mechanism of action in treating traumatic synovitis of the knee joint in a rabbit model.Methods Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits were di-vided into four groups(n=4 per group):intact skin single-dose group,intact skin multiple-dose group,damaged skin single-dose group,and damaged skin multiple-dose group.The skin irritation of Solanine ointment was assessed by comparing the skin on both sides of the spine in rabbits with intact and damaged skin.Eighteen guinea pigs were divided into three groups(n=6 per group):blank group,Solanine ointment group,and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB)group.The blank group received the vehi-cle,the Solanine ointment group received Solanine ointment,and the DNCB group received DNCB.The skin allergic reactions were observed.Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into five groups(n=6 per group):blank group,model group,Solanine ointment low-dose group,Solanine ointment high-dose group,and Voltaren group.Except for the blank group,a traumatic synovitis model was established in the other groups.After topical application of the ointments,changes in knee joint circumference and skin temperature were measured.Pathological changes in knee joint synovial tissue were observed using he-matoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Joint effusion and abnormal blood flow signals were detected using color Doppler ultra-sound.Levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the synovial fluid were tested using ELISA.Protein expressions of NLRP3,pro-Caspase-1,and cleaved-Caspase-1 in the synovial tissue were determined using Western blotting.Results Skin irritation test showed that a single application of Solanine ointment on intact skin caused no irritation.Mild irritation was observed on the first day of multi-ple applications on intact skin,which subsided by the third day.Both single and multiple applications of Solanine ointment caused moderate irritation on damaged skin.Skin allergy test showed that no allergic reaction was observed in the guinea pigs of either the Solanine ointment group or the blank group.Compared with the blank group,the model group exhibited significantly increased knee joint circumference and skin temperature(both P＜0.01),obvious synovial thickening with a large amount of ef-fusion,inflammatory infiltration of synovial cells dominated by plasma cells and lymphocytes,disordered tissue arrangement,sig-nificantly elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the synovial fluid(all P＜0.01),and significantly increased protein expression of NLRP3,pro-Caspase-1,and cleaved-Caspase-1 in the synovial tissue(all P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,each drug treatment group showed significantly decreased knee joint circumference and skin temperature(all P＜0.01),improved synovial thickness,effusion,and inflammatory infiltration,significantly reduced levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the synovial fluid(all P＜0.01).Except for the low-dose Solanine ointment group,high-dose Solanine ointment group and the Voltaren group showed sig-nificant reductions in protein expression of NLRP3,pro-Caspase-1,and cleaved-Caspase-1 in the synovial tissue(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Solanine ointment exhibits mild irritation on intact skin and moderate irritation on damaged skin,therefore it is unsuitable for application on broken skin.There is no skin sensitization after application.Solanine ointment can alleviate the pro-gression of traumatic synovitis of the knee joint,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the NLRP3 inflamma-some.

Objective To analyze the cunent situation and latent profiles of nurses'perceived organizational support,and explore the influencing factors of different types.Methods Through convenience sampling,a total of 1,860 nurses from the Pearl River Delta,Northern Guangdong,Eastern Guangdong and Western Guangdong regions of Guangdong Province were selected for the survey between October and December 2023.The demographic questionnaire,the Perceived Organizational Support Scale,and the Psychological Resilience Scale were used for investigation.The latent profiles of the nurses'perceived organizational support,the influencing factors of latent profiles were identified by single-factor analysis and multivariate Logistic regression.Results The score of the items of the perceived organizational support in l,819 nurses is(3.47±0.88)scores.Nurses perceived organizational support is divided into 3 latent classes,namely"poor group"(10.1％),"balanced group"(44.4％),and"rich group"(45.5％).The influencing factors include recruitment type,hospital level,and psychological resilience(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The perceived organizational support among nurses is moderately high and heterogeneous,which could be divided into 3 latent profiles.Nursing managers should focus on nurses from the poor group and balanced group and intervene with nurses according to the influencing factors of the different latent profiles to improve the level of nurses perceived organizational support.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the causes and influencing factors of unplanned reoperations and to propose strategies for reducing their incidence.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted by comparing medical records of patients with and without unplanned reoperations at a tertiary general hospital in Guangxi throughout 2024.Descriptive statis-tics,chi-square tests,and logistic regression were used to analyze contributing factors.Results Among 43,612 surgeries per-formed in 2024,135 unplanned reoperations were recorded,yielding an overall incidence of 3.09％o.The main causes included postoperative bleeding,complications(e.g.,fistula,infarction,thrombosis),and incision-related issues(e.g.,infection,poor healing).Significant differences(P＜0.05)were observed between the reoperation and non-reoperation groups in gender(x2=11.654),age(x2=19.393),grade of initial surgery(x2=12.405),surgeon's title(x2=14.572),nature of initial surgery(x2=20.287),and patient case classification(x2=21.578).These variables were also identified as significant influencing fac-tors(P＜0.05),with gender,age,nature of surgery,grade Ⅲ surgery,and case classification types B/D being independent risk factors.Conclusion Unplanned reoperation serves as a key indicator of surgical quality and safety.Interventions such as en-hanced hospital-and department-level management,perioperative process optimization,and surgical service mechanism improve-ments are recommended to reduce the incidence of unplanned reoperations.