Objective To evaluate the surgical efficacy of unilateral pneumonectomy for the treatment of tuberculous destroyed lung, analyze the causes of severe postoperative complications, and explore clinical management strategies. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients with tuberculous destroyed lung who underwent unilateral pneumonectomy at the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu from 2017 to 2023. Postoperative severe complications were statistically analyzed. Patients were divided into a non-severe complication group and a severe-complication group, and the causes, management, and outcomes of complications were analyzed. Results A total of 134 patients were included, comprising 69 males and 65 females, with a mean age of 17-73 (40.43±12.69) years. There were 93 patients undergoing left pneumonectomy and 41 patients undergoing right pneumonectomy. Preoperative sputum smear was positive in 35 patients, all of which converted to negative postoperatively. There were 58 patients with hemoptysis preoperatively, and none experienced hemoptysis postoperatively. Postoperative incisional infection occurred in 8 (5.97%) patients, and postoperative pulmonary infection in 26 (19.40%) patients. Severe postoperative complications occurred in 17 (12.69%) patients, including empyema in 9 (6.72%) patients, bronchopleural fistula with empyema in 1 (0.75%) patient, severe pneumonia in 3 (2.24%) patients, postpneumonectomy syndrome in 1 (0.75%) patient, chylothorax in 1 (0.75%) patient, ketoacidosis in 1 (0.75%) patient, and heart failure with severe pneumonia in 1 (0.75%) patient. Perioperative mortality occurred in 2 (1.49%) patients, both of whom underwent right pneumonectomy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a history of ipsilateral thoracic surgery, concomitant Aspergillus infection, and greater blood loss were independent risk factors for severe complications following unilateral pneumonectomy for tuberculous destroyed lung (P<0.05). Conclusion Unilateral pneumonectomy for patients with tuberculous destroyed lung can significantly improve the clinical cure rate, sputum conversion rate, and hemoptysis cessation rate. However, there is a certain risk of severe perioperative complications and mortality, requiring thorough perioperative management and appropriate management of postoperative complications.

Soil cadmium pollution can adversely affect the cultivation of the ornamental plant, Coleus scutellarioides. Upon cadmium contamination of the soil, the growth of C. scutellarioides is impeded, and it may even succumb to the toxic accumulation of cadmium. In this study, we investigated the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the adaptation of C. scutellarioides to cadmium stress, by measuring the physiological metabolism and the degree of root damage of C. scutellarioides, with Aspergillus oryzae as the test fungi. The results indicated that cadmium stress increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (Pro) within the cells of C. scutellarioides, but inhibited mycorrhizal infestation rate, root vigour and growth rate to a great degree. With the same cadmium concentration, the inoculation of AMF significantly improved the physiological indexes of C. scutellarioides. The maximum decrease of MDA content was 42.16%, and the content of secondary metabolites rosemarinic acid and anthocyanosides could be increased by up to 27.43% and 25.72%, respectively. Meanwhile, the increase of root vigour was as high as 35.35%, and the DNA damage of the root system was obviously repaired. In conclusion, the inoculation of AMF can promote the accumulation of secondary metabolites, alleviate root damage, and enhance the tolerance to cadmium stress in C. scutellarioides.
Cadmium/toxicity* ; Mycorrhizae/physiology* ; Plant Roots/drug effects* ; Soil Pollutants/toxicity* ; Stress, Physiological ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*

Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and rapidly increasing. The ocular surface microbiota(OSM)consists of microbial communities that colonize the eye surface, mainly bacteria, and perform an important role in maintaining ocular health. Hyperglycemia creates a favorable microenvironment for the OSM, leading to an imbalance of the microflora. However, unpredictable changes in OSM are strongly associated with dry eye disease, corneal neuropathy, and infectious ocular surface diseases in environmental changes. In recent years, next-generation sequencing technology has been applied to detect the OSM and confirm that the eye microbiome is closely related to DM. Research indicates that dysbiosis of the OSM plays a critical role in the onset and progression of DM-related ocular surface diseases. This review investigates the correlation between OSM and patients with DM. Moreover, we provide a reference for the occurrence and development of diabetes-related ocular surface diseases and their treatment.

Objective To compare the safety of laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy(LPD)and open pancreatoduodenectomy(OPD)and analyze the learning curve and safety at different stages of LPD.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 50 LPD patients and 54 OPD patients in the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery of Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January 2020 to June 2024,and intraoperative and postoperative conditions were compared.The Cumulative Sum(CUSUM)analysis method was used to analyze the technical nodes of the LPD learning curve.Results There were no significant differences in operation time and intraoperative blood loss between the LPD group and the OPD group(P＞0.05).There was also no significant difference in the incidence rates of pancreatic fistula(grade B and C),delayed gastric emptying,postoperative bleeding,biliary fistula and intra-abdominal infection between the LPD group and the OPD group(P＞0.05).A time series plot of operation time was drawn based on the patient's operation time and surgical sequence,yielding a fitted curve.Curve analysis showed initial stage and stable stage were finished at the 17th and 24th cases.The LPD learning curve could be divided into three stages:stage Ⅰ characterized as the initial stage(cases 1 to 17),stage Ⅱ characterized as the stable stage(cases 18 to 24),and stage Ⅲ characterized as the proficient stage(cases 25 to 50).The operation time in stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly shorter than that in stage Ⅰ,and the intraoperative blood loss in stage Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in stage Ⅲ(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications among the three stages(P＞0.05).Conclusion LPD and OPD show no significant differences in indications and safety.The LPD learning curve can be divided into three stages.As the number of surgeries completed increa-ses,the operation time of physicians gradually shortens,and the incidence of complications of patients gradually decreases.

Objective To analyze the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of mortality and disease burden of smoking-related prostate cancer(PCa)from 1990 to 2021 and to predict the future trends,so as to provide evidence-based insights for optimizing regional PCa prevention policies and smoking cessation interventions.Methods Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study(GBD)2021,annual mortality,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),years of life lost(YLLs),years lived with disability(YLDs),and age-standardized rates(ASRs)for PCa across 204 countries and 21 regions from 1990 to 2021 were obtained.Estimated annual percentage change(EAPC)was used to assess the disease burden and mortality of smoking-related PCa across global,regional,socio-demographic index(SDI),and age groups.An autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model was employed to predict trends in these indicators up to 2050.Results In 2021,smoking-related PCa caused 12 992 global deaths,a 30.74％increase compared to 1990.However,from 1990 to 2021,the global age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),age-standardized DALYs rate(ASDR),age-standardized YLDs rate(ASYR),and age-standardized YLLs rate(ASLR)for smoking-related PCa declined,with EAPCs being-1.43(95％CI:-1.77--1.12),-1.39(95％CI:-1.66--1.12),-0.41(95％CI:-0.67--0.15)and-1.51(95％CI:-1.78--1.23).In 2021,the region with the highest number of deaths from PCa was Asia(4663 deaths),followed by Europe(4647 deaths),and Oceania had the lowest number of deaths(9 deaths).From 1990 to 2021,the mortality rate of PCa in most regions generally showed a downward trend.High SDI regions showed the most significant declines in ASMR,ASDR,and ASLR[EAPCs:-3.17(95％CI:-3.31--3.02),-2.91(95％CI:-3.02--2.83),and-3.22(95％CI:-3.35--3.09)].For ASYR,only high-SDI regions exhibited a decline,whereas low-middle-SDI regions saw the largest increase[EAPC:1.26(95％CI:1.19-1.33)].In 2021,the number of PCa deaths was more concentrated in the age groups of 70-74 and 75-79,with 2312 and 2278 deaths,respectively.From 1990 to 2021,ASMR,ASDR,and ASLR showed an overall downward trend,EAPC were-2.84(95％CI:-3.21--1.83),-2.77(95％CI:-3.13--1.75),and-2.84(95％CI:-3.14--1.71),with the most significant decline observed in individuals aged 35-39.Projections to 2050 indicated continuing declines in all burden metrics,which would stabilize in later years.Conclusion Despite a global decline in smoking-related PCa burden over the past three decades,significant regional disparities persist,with low-and middle-income countries facing ongoing challenges.Implementing stricter tobacco control policies is critical to mitigating smoking-related health risks.

Objective To analyze the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of mortality and disease burden of smoking-related prostate cancer(PCa)from 1990 to 2021 and to predict the future trends,so as to provide evidence-based insights for optimizing regional PCa prevention policies and smoking cessation interventions.Methods Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study(GBD)2021,annual mortality,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),years of life lost(YLLs),years lived with disability(YLDs),and age-standardized rates(ASRs)for PCa across 204 countries and 21 regions from 1990 to 2021 were obtained.Estimated annual percentage change(EAPC)was used to assess the disease burden and mortality of smoking-related PCa across global,regional,socio-demographic index(SDI),and age groups.An autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model was employed to predict trends in these indicators up to 2050.Results In 2021,smoking-related PCa caused 12 992 global deaths,a 30.74％increase compared to 1990.However,from 1990 to 2021,the global age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),age-standardized DALYs rate(ASDR),age-standardized YLDs rate(ASYR),and age-standardized YLLs rate(ASLR)for smoking-related PCa declined,with EAPCs being-1.43(95％CI:-1.77--1.12),-1.39(95％CI:-1.66--1.12),-0.41(95％CI:-0.67--0.15)and-1.51(95％CI:-1.78--1.23).In 2021,the region with the highest number of deaths from PCa was Asia(4663 deaths),followed by Europe(4647 deaths),and Oceania had the lowest number of deaths(9 deaths).From 1990 to 2021,the mortality rate of PCa in most regions generally showed a downward trend.High SDI regions showed the most significant declines in ASMR,ASDR,and ASLR[EAPCs:-3.17(95％CI:-3.31--3.02),-2.91(95％CI:-3.02--2.83),and-3.22(95％CI:-3.35--3.09)].For ASYR,only high-SDI regions exhibited a decline,whereas low-middle-SDI regions saw the largest increase[EAPC:1.26(95％CI:1.19-1.33)].In 2021,the number of PCa deaths was more concentrated in the age groups of 70-74 and 75-79,with 2312 and 2278 deaths,respectively.From 1990 to 2021,ASMR,ASDR,and ASLR showed an overall downward trend,EAPC were-2.84(95％CI:-3.21--1.83),-2.77(95％CI:-3.13--1.75),and-2.84(95％CI:-3.14--1.71),with the most significant decline observed in individuals aged 35-39.Projections to 2050 indicated continuing declines in all burden metrics,which would stabilize in later years.Conclusion Despite a global decline in smoking-related PCa burden over the past three decades,significant regional disparities persist,with low-and middle-income countries facing ongoing challenges.Implementing stricter tobacco control policies is critical to mitigating smoking-related health risks.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the extraction process of standard decoction of Longan seed.METHODS The amount of water added,extraction time and extraction times as the influencing factors,using the extract yield,gallic acid content,corilagin content,ellagic acid content,half clearance concentration(IC50)of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH)free radical and IC50 of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)ammonium salt(ABTS)free radical as the evaluation indexes,the analytic hierarchy process(AHP),criteria importarue though inter-criteria correlation(CRITIC)and AHP-CRITIC method were used to calculate the weight values of each index;the extraction process of Longan seed standard decoction was optimized by single factor test combined with orthogonal experiment;validation test was also performed.RESULTS According to the AHP-CRITIC method,the weights of the above indicators were determined to be 9.224％,11.784％,19.320％,11.206％,20.597％,27.869％,respectively.The best process of standard decoction of longan seed was to add 14 times water for the first extraction and extract for 30 minutes;and 12 times water for the second and third extractions,and extract for 20 minutes.Average comprehensive score of the 3 times validation experiments was 97.96 and the RSD was 0.97％(n=3).CONCLUSIONS The process is simple to operate,stable and feasible,which can provide a experimental basis for the further development and utilization of standard decoction of longan seed.

Objective To explore the mechanism by which CD137 signal regulates the aging of vas-cular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs).Methods Thirty 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were ran-domly divided into a young group(8 weeks old)and an aged group(80 weeks old),with 30 mice in each group.After corresponding periods of feeding,the mice were euthanized,and the plasma and aortic blood vessels were isolated.In the cell experiments,normal VSMCs were divided into a control group,bleomycin(BLM)group,combined agonist group,and combined inhibitor group.The cellular senescence level of VSMCs was assessed using a cellular senescence β-galactosidase staining kit.Western blotting and PCR were employed to examine the expression of senescence-related proteins in tissues and cells,while ELISA was utilized to measure the expression of senes-cence-related inflammatory factors.Results The expression of CD137 and γ-H2AX in the aorta was significantly higher,while that of PCNA was obviously lower in the aged group than the young group(P＜0.05).The plasma level of CD137 was notably higher in the aged group than the young group(154.0±4.1 pg/ml vs 98.0±2.3 pg/ml,P＜0.05).Compared with the normal control group,there were significantly more aged VSMCs in the BLM group(P＜0.05).While,treatment of combined agonist resulted in larger amount of aged VSMCs when compared with the BLM group(P＜0.05),which was reversed by combined inhibitor treatment(P＜0.05).The levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly elevated in the BLM group than the normal control group(P＜0.05).The combined agonist group had even higher levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1βthan the BLM group(P＜0.05),but the levels were decreased in the combined inhibitor group(P＜0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the expression of Bcl-2,γ-H2AX,P53,and P21 were significantly increased in the BLM group,combined agonist group,and combined inhibi-tor group,while that of PCNA was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the BLM group,the expression of P53 and P21 in the combined agonist group showed an increase(P＜0.05),and the expression of P53 was significantly decreased in the combined inhibitor group(P＜0.05).Conclusion CD137 signal regulates the P53/P21 pathway to promote VSMC aging.

The use of nitrification inhibitors has been suggested as a strategy to decrease cadmium(Cd)accumulation in crops.However,the most efficient nitrification inhibitor for mitigating crop Cd accumulation remains to be elucidated,and whether and how changes in soil microbial structure are involved in this process also remains unclear.To address these questions,this study applied three commercial nitrification inhibitors,namely,dicyandiamide(DCD),3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP),and nitrapyrin(NP),to pakchoi.The results showed that both DCD and DMPP(but not NP)could efficiently decrease Cd concentrations in pakchoi in urea-and ammonium-fertilized soils.In addition,among the three tested nitrification inhibitors,DMPP was the most efficient in decreasing the Cd concentration in pakchoi.The nitrification inhibitors decreased pakchoi Cd concentrations by suppressing acidification-induced Cd availability and reshaping the soil microbial structure;the most effective nitrification inhibitor was DMPP.Ammonia oxidation generates the most protons during nitrification and is inhibited by nitrification inhibitors.Changes in environmental factors and predatory bacterial abundance caused by the nitrification inhibitors changed the soil microbial structure and increased the potential participants in plant Cd accumulation.In summary,our study identified DMPP as the most efficient nitrification inhibitor for mitigating crop Cd contamination and observed that the soil microbial structural changes caused by the nitrification inhibitors contributed to decreasing Cd concentration in pakchoi.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease marked by a dysregulated immune microenvironment, posing formidable challenges for effective treatment. The disease is characterized by an altered glucose metabolism in macrophages, specifically an increase in aerobic glycolysis, which is linked to heightened inflammatory responses. This suggests that targeting macrophage metabolism could offer a new therapeutic avenue. In this study, we developed an immunometabolic intervention using quercetin (Q) encapsulated in bioadhesive mesoporous polydopamine (Q@MPDA) to treat periodontitis. Our results demonstrated that Q@MPDA could reprogram inflammatory macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype (i.e., from-M1-to-M2 repolarization). In a murine periodontitis model, locally administered Q@MPDA reduced the presence of inflammatory macrophages, and decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the periodontium. Consequently, it alleviated periodontitis symptoms, reduced alveolar bone loss, and promoted tissue repair. Furthermore, our study revealed that Q@MPDA could inhibit the glycolysis of inflammatory macrophages while enhancing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), facilitating the shift from M1 to M2 macrophage subtype. Our findings suggest that Q@MPDA is a promising treatment for periodontitis via immunometabolic rewiring.