Objective: To investigate the association between the home food environment and overweight and obesity among primary school students, so as to provide scientific evidence for developing targeted family based intervention strategies. Methods: From May to June 2017, a total of 3 670 students in grades 4-6 were selected from 26 schools in 13 districts and counties of Shenyang using multistage random cluster sampling. A questionnaire survey was used to assess the home food environment and sociodemographic factors. Standardized physical examinations were conducted to measure height and weight, and overweight and obesity were defined according to the Screening for Overweight and Obesity among School age Children and Adolescents. Multivariable Logistic regression model was used to examine the association between the home food environment and overweight and obesity among primary school students. Results: Characteristics of the home food environment showed that "healthy cooking and seasoning" was the predominant household cooking pattern among primary school students, accounting for 2 119 students (57.7%), whereas "unhealthy cooking and seasoning" accounted for the lowest proportion, with 37 students(1.0%). Among households, the proportions of "often/always" available unhealthy foods were relatively high for candies(22.6%) and sugar sweetened beverages(19.2%). The mean score for household availability of unhealthy foods was (7.81±4.01). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjustment for sex, age, family residence, and socioeconomic status, students from households with "unhealthy cooking and healthy seasoning" had a higher risk of overweight and obesity than those from households with "healthy cooking and seasoning" ( OR =1.60, 95% CI =1.03-2.46), the risk was even higher among students from households with "unhealthy cooking and seasoning" ( OR = 3.99 , 95% CI =2.03-7.86) (both P <0.05). Household availability of unhealthy foods was positively associated with overweight and obesity among primary school students. Each one point increase in the unhealthy food availability score was associated with a 7% increase in the risk of overweight and obesity ( OR =1.07, 95% CI =1.01-1.13); in addition, students from households where sugar sweetened beverages were "often/always" available had an increased risk of overweight and obesity ( OR=1.40, 95%CI =1.07- 1.86 ) (both P <0.05). Conclusions The home food environment is associated with the risk of overweight and obesity among primary school students. Improving household cooking practices and controlling the availability of unhealthy foods at home may contribute to the prevention and control of overweight and obesity among primary school students.

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence indicates that oxidative stress and interferon γ (IFNγ)-driven cellular immune responses are responsible for the pathogenesis of vitiligo. However, the connection between oxidative stress and the local production of IFNγ in early vitiligo remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism underlying the production of IFNγ by mast cells and its impact on vitiligo pathogenesis. METHODS: Skin specimens from the central, marginal, and perilesional skin areas of active vitiligo lesions were collected to characterize changes of mast cells, CD8 + T cells, and IFNγ-producing cells. Cell supernatants from hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-treated keratinocytes (KCs) were harvested to measure levels of soluble stem cell factor (sSCF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. A murine vitiligo model was established using Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor-B2 (MrgB2, mouse ortholog of human MrgX2) conditional knockout (MrgB2 -/- ) mice to investigate IFNγ production and inflammatory cell infiltrations in tail skin following the challenge with tyrosinase-related protein (Tyrp)-2 180 peptide. Potential interactions between the Tyrp-2 180 peptide and MrgX2 were predicted using molecular docking. The siRNAs targeting MrgX2 and the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 were also used to examine the signaling pathways involved in mast cell activation. RESULTS: IFNγ-producing mast cells were closely aligned with the recruitment of CD8 + T cells in the early phase of vitiligo skin. sSCF released by KCs through stress-enhanced MMP9-dependent proteolytic cleavage recruited mast cells into sites of inflamed skin (Perilesion vs . lesion, 13.00 ± 4.00/high-power fields [HPF] vs . 26.60 ± 5.72/HPF, P <0.05). Moreover, IFNγ-producing mast cells were also observed in mouse tail skin following challenge with Tyrp-2 180 (0 h vs . 48 h post-recall, 0/HPF vs . 3.80 ± 1.92/HPF, P <0.05). The IFNγ + mast cell and CD8 + T cell counts were lower in the skin of MrgB2 -/- mice than in those of wild-type mice (WT vs . KO 48 h post-recall, 4.20 ± 0.84/HPF vs . 0.80 ± 0.84/HPF, P <0.05). CONCLUSION Mast cells activated by MrgX2 serve as a local IFNγ producer that bridges between innate and adaptive immune responses against MCs in early vitiligo. Targeting MrgX2-mediated mast cell activation may represent a new strategy for treating vitiligo.
Vitiligo/metabolism* ; Mast Cells/immunology* ; Animals ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism* ; Mice ; Humans ; Melanocytes/metabolism* ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics* ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Male ; Female ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism* ; Stem Cell Factor/metabolism*

Vascular aging (VA) is a common etiology of various chronic diseases and represents a major public health concern. Intermittent hypoxia (IH) associated with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a primary pathological and physiological driver of OSAHS-induced systemic complications. A substantial proportion of OSAHS patients, estimated to be between 40% and 80%, have comorbidities such as hypertension, heart failure, coronary artery disease, pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation, aneurysm, and stroke, all of which are closely associated with VA. This review examines the molecular and cellular features common to both OSAHS and VA, highlighting decreased melatonin secretion, impaired autophagy, increased apoptosis, increased inflammation and pyroptosis, increased oxidative stress, accelerated telomere shortening, accelerated stem cell depletion, metabolic disorders, imbalanced protein homeostasis, epigenetic alterations, and dysregulated neurohormonal signaling. The accumulation and combination of these features may underlie the pathophysiological link between OSAHS and VA, but the exact mechanisms by which OSAHS affects VA may require further investigation. Taken together, these findings suggest that OSAHS may serve as a novel risk factor for VA and related vascular disorders, and that targeting these features may offer therapeutic potential to mitigate the vascular risks associated with OSAHS.
Humans ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/pathology* ; Aging/physiology* ; Oxidative Stress/physiology* ; Animals

Cold has been a long-term survival challenge in the evolutionary process of mammals. In response to cold stress, in addition to brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipating energy as heat through glucose and lipid oxidation to maintain body temperature, cold stimulation can strongly activate thermogenesis and energy expenditure in beige fat cells, which are widely distributed in the subcutaneous layer. However, the effects of cold stimulation on other tissues and systemic lipid metabolism remain unclear. Our previous research indicated that, under cold stress, BAT not only produces heat but also secretes numerous exosomes to mediate BAT-liver crosstalk. Whether subcutaneous fat has a similar mechanism is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the alterations in lipid metabolism across various tissues under cold exposure and to explore whether subcutaneous fat regulates systemic glucose and lipid metabolism via exosomes, thereby elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of lipid metabolism homeostasis under physiological stress. RT-qPCR, Western blot, and H&E staining methods were used to investigate the physiological changes in lipid metabolism in the serum, liver, epididymal white adipose tissue, and subcutaneous fat of mice under cold stimulation. The results revealed that cold exposure significantly enhanced the thermogenic activity of subcutaneous adipose tissue and markedly increased exosome secretion. These exosomes were efficiently taken up by hepatocytes, where they profoundly influenced hepatic lipid metabolism, as evidenced by alterations in the expression levels of key genes involved in lipid synthesis and catabolism pathways. This study has unveiled a novel mechanism by which subcutaneous fat regulates lipid metabolism through exosome secretion under cold stimulation, providing new insights into the systemic regulatory role of beige adipocytes under cold stress and offering a theoretical basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies for obesity and metabolic diseases.
Animals ; Lipid Metabolism/physiology* ; Mice ; Exosomes/metabolism* ; Cold Temperature ; Subcutaneous Fat/physiology* ; Thermogenesis/physiology* ; Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism* ; Male

The general models for intermediates quality analysis in the production process of Yaobitong capsule were established by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometrics, realizing the rapid determination of notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rd and moisture. The spray-dried fine powder and total mixed granule were selected as research objects. The contents of five saponins were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and the moisture content was determined by drying method. The measured contents were used as reference values. Meanwhile, NIR spectra were collected. After removing abnormal samples by Monte Carlo cross validation (MCCV), Monte Carlo uninformative variables elimination (MC-UVE) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) were used to select feature variables respectively. Based on the feature variables, quantitative models were established by partial least squares regression (PLSR), extreme learning machine (ELM) and ant lion optimization least squares support vector machine (ALO-LSSVM). The results showed that CARS-ALO-LSSVM model had the optimum effect. The correlation coefficients of the six index components were greater than 0.93, and the relative standard errors were controlled within 6%. ALO-LSSVM was more suitable for a large number of samples with rich information, and the prediction effect and stability of the model were significantly improved. The general models with good predicting effect can be used for the rapid quality determination of Yaobitong capsule intermediates.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between parental psychological control and Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) among junior high school students, so as to provide evidence for preventing IGD development in adolescents. Methods: From August 2019 to February 2020, a survey was conducted among 1 169 junior high school students from three middle schools in Xian using stratified cluster sampling. The Parental Psychological Control Scale and IGD Scale were administered to assess parental psychological control and IGD prevalence. Univariate and binary Logistic regression analyses were used to explore IGD risk factors and their correlation with parental psychological control. Results: The detection rate of IGD in middle school students was 19.9%(184/1 169). Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that compared to those with lower parental psychological control scores(&le;21 points), students with higher parental psychological control scores (>21 points) had a higher risk of IGD (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.21-2.74), a 1.58fold higher risk of selfperceived gaming addiction (95%CI=1.07-2.30), as well as reduced likelihood of seeking external help to reduce gaming time (OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.47-0.94) (P<0.05). Conclusions Parental psychological control may elevate the risks of IGD and selfperceived addiction while diminishing proactive helpseeking behaviors to reduce gaming time. Parents should enhance communication with adolescents and provide positive guidance to mitigate potential gamingrelated harms.

Given that ovarian stimulation is vital for assisted reproductive technology (ART) and results in elevated serum estrogen levels, exploring the impact of elevated estrogen exposure on oocytes and embryos is necessary. We investigated the effects of various ovarian stimulation treatments on oocyte and embryo morphology and gene expression using a mouse model and estrogen-treated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Female C57BL/6J mice were subjected to two types of conventional ovarian stimulation and ovarian hyperstimulation; mice treated with only normal saline served as controls. Hyperstimulation resulted in high serum estrogen levels, enlarged ovaries, an increased number of aberrant oocytes, and decreased embryo formation. The messenger RNA (mRNA)‍-sequencing of oocytes revealed the dysregulated expression of lysine-specific demethylase 6b (Kdm6b), which may be a key factor indicating hyperstimulation-induced aberrant oocytes and embryos. In vitro, Kdm6b expression was downregulated in mESCs treated with high-dose estrogen; treatment with an estrogen receptor antagonist could reverse this downregulated expression level. Furthermore, treatment with high-dose estrogen resulted in the upregulated expression of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and phosphorylated H2A histone family member X (γ-H2AX). Notably, knockdown of Kdm6b and high estrogen levels hindered the formation of embryoid bodies, with a concomitant increase in the expression of H3K27me3 and γ-H2AX. Collectively, our findings revealed that hyperstimulation-induced high-dose estrogen could impair the demethylation of H3K27me3 by reducing Kdm6b expression. Accordingly, Kdm6b could be a promising marker for clinically predicting ART outcomes in patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
Female ; Mice ; Demethylation/drug effects* ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Estrogens/administration & dosage* ; Gene Expression/drug effects* ; Histones/metabolism* ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oocytes ; Ovary/drug effects* ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Animals

Alveolar bone reconstruction simulation is an effective means for quantifying orthodontics, but currently, it is not possible to directly obtain human alveolar bone material models for simulation. This study introduces a prediction method for the equivalent shear modulus of three-dimensional random porous materials, integrating the first-order Ogden hyperelastic model to construct a computed tomography (CT) based porous hyperelastic Ogden model (CT-PHO) for human alveolar bone. Model parameters are derived by combining results from micro-CT, nanoindentation experiments, and uniaxial compression tests. Compared to previous predictive models, the CT-PHO model shows a lower root mean square error (RMSE) under all bone density conditions. Simulation results using the CT-PHO model parameters in uniaxial compression experiments demonstrate more accurate prediction of the mechanical behavior of alveolar bone under compression. Further prediction and validation with different individual human alveolar bone samples yield accurate results, confirming the generality of the CT-PHO model. The study suggests that the CT-PHO model proposed in this paper can estimate the material properties of human alveolar bone and may eventually be used for bone reconstruction simulations to guide clinical treatment.
Humans ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods* ; Porosity ; Alveolar Process/physiology* ; Bone Density ; Computer Simulation ; Elasticity ; X-Ray Microtomography ; Stress, Mechanical ; Finite Element Analysis ; Models, Biological

Objective To systematically evaluate influence factors hospitalization infections in multiple myeloma(MM)patients after chemotherapy.Methods Computer searches were conducted on relevant literature in CNKI,China Biology Medicine disc,VIP,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library and CINAHL from the database inception until December 16,2024.Two researchers independently screened and assessed the quality of the literature,obtained the necessary information,and a Meta-analysis of risk factors was conducted by using RevMan 5.4 software.Results 19 articles were included in total.Meta-analysis results showed that high body mass index,length of stay,smoking history,Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)score,granulocyte deficiency,neutropenia,Durie-Salmon stage,international staging system(ISS)stage and combined with diabetes,renal insufficiency,anemia,hypoalbuminemia were the risk factors for hospitalization infections in patients with MM after chemotherapy(P＜0.05).Conclusion This study provides a reference for intervening in the risk factors of hospitalization infections in MM patients after chemotherapy.Medical staff should prevent infections early based on relevant factors,identify high-risk populations,and maximize the protection of patient health outcomes and good prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the possible effects of Tim-3/Galectin-9 signaling pathway and MDSC on acute graft-ver-sus-host disease(aGVHD)development in patients after Haplo-HDPSCT.Methods:A total of 42 patients underwent Haplo-HDPSCT and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in this study.Peripheral blood specimens were collected from all study subjects,the number of Tim-3+CD8+T,Granzyme B+CD8+T and MDSC were detected by FCM,and level of Galectin-9 was detected by ELISA.Apoptosis of CD8+T cells from peripheral blood of aGVHD patients were detected by FCM.Results:According to the Seattle International Diagnostic Criteria,there were 16 patients occurred aGVHD after transplantation,while 26 patients did not.①The number of Tim-3+CD8+T and Granzyme B+CD8+T cells in aGVHD patients were significantly higher than patients without aGVHD and healthy controls,while MDSC and Galectin-9 in aGVHD patients were lower than patients without aGVHD and healthy controls(P<0.05);②There were statistically significant differences in the number of Tim-3+CD8+T and Granzyme B+CD8+T cells and level of Galectin-9 between patients with mild(grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ)and severe(grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ)aGVHD groups(P<0.05),while there was no statistically significant difference in the number of MDSC(P=0.689);③Spearman analysis showed that level of Galectin-9 was positively correlated with the number of MDSC in patients without aGVHD(r=0.684,P<0.05);④Isolating CD8+T cells from peripheral blood of aGVHD patients,and found that addition of Galectin-9 increased rate of CD8+T cells apoptosis.Conclusion:Galectin-9 inhibits immune response of CD8+T cells through the Tim-3/Galectin-9 signaling pathway after Haplo-HDPSCT,and this can avoid or slow down the incidence of aGVHD;Galectin-9 is positively correlated with the number of MDSC,it may be associated with the occurrence of aGVHD.