INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis (EMS) is a common gynaecological disorder linked to metabolic disturbances. However, evidence on the associations between lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) with the risk of EMS remains limited. This study aimed to explore the potential associations between LAP, VAI and EMS. METHOD: Data were obtained from the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including a total of 2046 samples. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models and smoothed curve fitting were used to assess the associations between LAP, VAI and EMS. Additionally, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were conducted to evaluate intergroup differences in the associations between LAP, VAI and EMS. RESULTS: In the fully adjusted model, higher Log2 LAP (odds ratio [OR] 1.256, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.102-1.431, P=0.0014) and Log2 VAI (OR 1.287, 95% CI 1.105-1.498, P=0.0022) were significantly associated with increased EMS risk. Participants in the highest quartile of Log2 LAP (OR 1.983, P=0.0029) and Log2 VAI (OR 1.690, P=0.0486) had a higher risk of EMS. Subgroup analysis showed stronger associations among women with diabetes (Log2 LAP OR 3.681, P=0.009; Log2 VAI OR 4.849, P=0.041). CONCLUSION Elevated LAP and VAI were independently associated with an increased risk of EMS. LAP and VAI may serve as potential indicators for assessing EMS-related risk, suggesting that visceral obesity and lipid metabolic disturbances might play roles in the pathophysiological process of EMS. These findings underscore the potential of LAP and VAI as non-invasive markers for EMS risk, warranting further validation in clinical settings.
Humans ; Female ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Endometriosis/metabolism* ; Adult ; Nutrition Surveys ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Lipid Accumulation Product ; Middle Aged ; Obesity, Abdominal/complications* ; Adiposity ; Risk Factors ; Logistic Models

OBJECTIVES: To explore the association between Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) and the risk of nephrolithiasis. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 78 438 Chinese adults who underwent ultrasound examinations during health screening at the Health Examination Center of Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University. Participants were divided into quartiles (Q1-Q4 groups) based on CVAI. Multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate the association between CVAI and nephrolithiasis risk, followed by subgroup analyses to further explore potential relationships. The performance of CVAI in predicting the risk of nephrolithiasis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: Increased CVAI was significantly associated with a higher risk of nephrolithiasis, with prevalence rising from 3.36% in the Q1 group to 10.67% in the Q4 group (P<0.01). In adjusted models, CVAI was positively correlated with the prevalence rate of nephrolithiasis (OR=1.002, 95%CI: 1.001-1.004, P<0.01). The risks of nephrolithiasis in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups were 1.196-fold (95%CI: 1.069-1.338, P<0.01), 1.260-fold (95%CI: 1.109-1.433, P<0.01), and 1.316-fold (95%CI: 1.125-1.539, P<0.01) higher than in the Q1 group, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that CVAI was positively associated with the risk of nephrolithiasis in male participants, individuals aged <60 years, the hypertension group, populations with or without diabetes mellitus, and the normal body mass index subgroup. Genders and age had an interaction effect on the correlation between CVAI and the risk of nephrolithiasis development (both P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that CVAI exhibited superior predictive efficacy compared to waist circumference, body mass index, visceral adiposity index, weight-adjusted waist index, cardiometabolic index and body shape index, with an area under the curve of 0.622. CONCLUSIONS In Chinese adults, CVAI is positively associated with the risk of nephrolithiasis development, which may serve as a potential predictive marker for nephrolithiasis.
Humans ; Nephrolithiasis/etiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Adult ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Risk Factors ; China/epidemiology* ; Adiposity ; Aged ; Logistic Models ; Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology* ; East Asian People

Humans ; Intra-Abdominal Fat/diagnostic imaging* ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Body Mass Index

BACKGROUND: Body mass-independent parameters might be more appropriate for assessing cardiometabolic abnormalities than weight-dependent indices in Asians who have relatively high visceral adiposity but low body fat. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio is one such body mass-independent index. However, there are no reports on relationships between DXA-measured regional fat ratio and cardiometabolic risk factors targeting elderly Asian men. METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional data of 597 elderly men who participated in the baseline survey of the Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) study, a community-based single-center prospective cohort study conducted in Japan. Whole-body fat and regional fat were measured with a DXA scanner. Trunk-to-appendicular fat ratio (TAR) was calculated as trunk fat divided by appendicular fat (sum of arm and leg fat), and trunk-to-leg fat ratio (TLR) as trunk fat divided by leg fat. RESULTS: Both TAR and TLR in the group of men who used ≥ 1 medication for hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes ("user group"; N = 347) were significantly larger than those who did not use such medication ("non-user group"; N = 250) (P < 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounding factors including whole-body fat, both TAR and TLR were significantly associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting serum insulin, and the insulin resistance index in the non-user group and non-overweight men in the non-user group (N = 199). CONCLUSION The trunk-to-peripheral fat ratio was associated with cardiometabolic risk factors independently of whole-body fat mass. Parameters of the fat ratio may be useful for assessing cardiometabolic risk factors, particularly in underweight to normal-weight populations.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adiposity/physiology* ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers/metabolism* ; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Intra-Abdominal Fat/diagnostic imaging* ; Japan ; Male ; Osteoporosis/etiology* ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Thorax/diagnostic imaging*

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of high-fat (HF) diet and exercise on the expressions of asprosin and CTRP6 in adipose tissues in different regions of rats during mid-gestation. METHODS: Pregnant SD rats were fed on a standard chow diet or a high-fat (60% fat content) diet for 14 days starting on gestation day (GD) 1. Starting from GD3, the rats fed either on normal or high-fat diet in the exercise groups (CH-RW and HF-RW groups) were allowed access to the running wheels for voluntary running, and those in sedentary groups (CH-SD and HF-SD groups) remained sedentary. At the end of the 14 days, adipose tissues were sampled from different regions of the rats for detecting the mRNA and protein expressions of asprosin and CTRP6 using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of asprosin in retroperitoneal adipose tissues was significantly higher in HF-RW group than in the other 3 groups ( CONCLUSIONS High-fat diet and exercise during mid-gedtation can affect the expression levels of asprosin and CTRP6 in adipose tissues of rats in a site-specific manner.
Adipokines ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects* ; Female ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Intra/inter-group associations between these parameters and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) were assessed at 1) end of the RCT (30 weeks), 2) open-label phase (82 weeks), and 3) final assessment via non-parametric statistics.RESULTS: Improvement in HbA1c and weight at the end of the RCT and open-label phase in men on TRT was not maintained long-term. The convergence in HbA1c could have been due to incentivised care with HbA1c targets. Interestingly those on TRT at final assessment required fewer anti-diabetic agents. The weight increase in routine care may have been due to changes in diabetes medication or an increase in lean muscle mass. WC continued to decrease in men on TRT indicating possible reduction in visceral fat. Improvement in EF scores continued with long-term TRT, this was abolished when TRT was discontinued.CONCLUSIONS: This study hints at benefits in glycaemic control, weight and WC, and long-term RCTs studying mechanisms of benefit and clinical outcomes are necessary. Our results also show that EF scores continued to improve with long-term TRT, even beyond the 6 months that we previously reported in the BLAST RCT.]]>
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Male ; Testosterone ; Waist Circumference

abdominal muscle and fat areas on computed tomography (CT) images.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A fully convolutional network-based segmentation system was developed using a training dataset of 883 CT scans from 467 subjects. Axial CT images obtained at the inferior endplate level of the 3rd lumbar vertebra were used for the analysis. Manually drawn segmentation maps of the skeletal muscle, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat were created to serve as ground truth data. The performance of the fully convolutional network-based segmentation system was evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient and cross-sectional area error, for both a separate internal validation dataset (426 CT scans from 308 subjects) and an external validation dataset (171 CT scans from 171 subjects from two outside hospitals).RESULTS: The mean Dice similarity coefficients for muscle, subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat were high for both the internal (0.96, 0.97, and 0.97, respectively) and external (0.97, 0.97, and 0.97, respectively) validation datasets, while the mean cross-sectional area errors for muscle, subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat were low for both internal (2.1%, 3.8%, and 1.8%, respectively) and external (2.7%, 4.6%, and 2.3%, respectively) validation datasets.CONCLUSION: The fully convolutional network-based segmentation system exhibited high performance and accuracy in the automatic segmentation of abdominal muscle and fat on CT images.]]>
Abdominal Muscles ; Adipose Tissue ; Artificial Intelligence ; Dataset ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Learning ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles ; Sarcopenia ; Spine ; Subcutaneous Fat ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

It is now recognized that the heart can behave as a true endocrine organ, which can modulate the function of other tissues. Emerging evidence has shown that visceral fat is one such distant organ the heart communicates with. In fact, it appears that bi-directional crosstalk between adipose tissue and the myocardium is crucial to maintenance of normal function in both organs. In particular, factors secreted from the heart are now known to influence the metabolic activity of adipose tissue and other organs, as well as modulate the release of metabolic substrates and signaling molecules from the periphery. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding primary cardiokines and adipokines involved in heart-fat crosstalk, as well as implications of their dysregulation for cardiovascular health.
Adipocytes ; Adipokines ; Adipose Tissue ; Heart ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Myocardium ; Myocytes, Cardiac

BACKGROUND: Visceral adiposity index (VAI) was developed to estimate visceral fat, and its association with various diseases including cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and fatty liver has been revealed. The Chinese VAI (CVAI) has been newly developed in China. This study aimed to compare the VAI and CVAI for coronary artery calcification by using the coronary artery calcium score (CACs)-a predictable index of asymptomatic atherosclerosis.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 66,011 participants (76.3% male and 23.7% female participants) visiting an university hospital for medical check-ups between January 2014 and December 2016. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to compare the concordance of the CACs and the VAI, CVAI, waist circumference, body mass index, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.RESULTS: In all participants, the AUC for the CVAI was the largest, while that for the VAI was fourth among all the indices (AUC(CVAI)=0.653, AUC(VAI)=0.592). The AUC for the CVAI was the largest among the indices in both sexes (female AUC(CVAI)=0.77, male AUC(CVAI)=0.592), while that for the VAI was the second largest (female, AUC(CVAI) 0.771>AUC(VAI) 0.651; male, AUC(CVAI) 0.592>AUC(VAI) 0.564).CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the CVAI showed a higher degree of concordance with CACs, which is an indirect indicator of cardiovascular disease, than the VAI in Korean adults.
Abdominal Fat ; Adiposity ; Adult ; Area Under Curve ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Atherosclerosis ; Body Mass Index ; Calcium ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; China ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Vessels ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Fatty Liver ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; ROC Curve ; Triglycerides ; Vascular Calcification ; Waist Circumference

PURPOSE: This study investigated the relationship between body composition and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).METHODS: This retrospective study included 110 patients who underwent anthropometric measurement by bioelectrical impedance analysis before surgical treatment for CRC between May 2015 and June 2018.RESULTS: According to PLR, 45 patients (40.9%) had low PLR (PLR<150), and 65 patients (59.1%) had high PLR (PLR≥150). Serum hemoglobin (P<0.001) and albumin levels (P=0.021) were significantly lower in high PLR group. Tumor mass diameter was significantly larger in high PLR group (P=0.048) and the proportion of poorly differentiated or mucinous tumors was significantly higher in high PLR group (P=0.037). All indices related to fat (body fat mass, percent body fat, body fat mass of trunk, visceral fat area, fat mass index, measured fat thickness of abdomen) and two indices related to muscle (arm muscle circumference, measured muscle circumference of abdomen) were significantly lower in high PLR group (P<0.05). According to subgroup analysis based on the sex, all indices significantly differed between PLR groups; however, in females no index was significantly different between PLR groups.CONCLUSION: Body composition indices including fat and muscle indices measured by InBody 770 were related to PLR in CRC, especially in male patients. These results suggest that low muscle and fat indices may be related to poor prognosis of CRC.
Adipose Tissue ; Body Composition ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Electric Impedance ; Female ; Humans ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Male ; Mucins ; Nutrition Assessment ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies