OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression of CDKN3 in gastric cancer and its impact on prognosis of gastric cancer patients. METHODS: We analyzed CDKN3 expression in clinical specimens from 114 gastric cancer patients and assessed its association with 5-year postoperative survival of the patients. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were used to predict the biological function and possible mechanism of CDKN3. The effects of lentivirus-mediated CDKN3 knockdown on biological behaviors of gastric cancer cells were evaluated using Transwell assay, CCK-8 assay, TUNEL staining, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. RESULTS: CDKN3 expression was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than in the adjacent tissues with significant correlations with CEA level, CA19-9 level, and T and N staging (P<0.05). High CDKN3 expression was an independent risk factor affecting 5-year postoperative survival of the patients and predictive for long-term prognosis (P<0.01). Enrichment analyses suggested a probable association of CDKN3 with apoptosis. In MGC-803 cells, CDKN3 knockdown significantly lowered migration and invasion capacities of the cells, while CDKN3 overexpression produced the opposite effects. TUNEL staining revealed a significantly lower level of cell apoptosis in gastric cancer tissues than in adjacent tissues (P<0.01). CDKN3 knockdown obviously inhibited proliferation and increased apoptosis of MGC-803 cells. CDKN3 overexpression down-regulated the expressions of p53, p21 and Bax and up-regulated the expressions of p-p65 and Bcl-2. CONCLUSIONS CDKN3 is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and affects patient prognosis. CDKN3 overexpression promotes proliferation, invasion and migration and suppressed apoptosis of gastric cancer cells possibly through the p53/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Apoptosis ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism* ; Cell Movement ; Cell Line, Tumor ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Prognosis ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins/metabolism* ; Cell Proliferation ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Male ; Female ; Dual-Specificity Phosphatases

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of BIRC6 in renal cancer tissues and investigate the effect of BIRC6 silencing on apoptosis and autophagy of 786-O cells. METHODS: Twenty surgical specimens of renal cancer tissues and adjacent renal tissues were collected from Meizhou People's Hospital between February, 2016 and December, 2018 for detection of BIRC6 protein expression using immunohistochemistry. Renal cancer 786-O cells were transfected with a control small interfering RNA (siRNA) or BIRC6 siRNA RESULTS: The expression of BIRC6 protein was significantly higher in renal cancer tissues than in the adjacent renal tissues. Western blotting showed that siRNA-mediated silencing of BIRC6 significantly lowered the expression of BIRC6 in 786-O cells. In the cells with BIRC6 silencing, treatment with 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL 5-FU resulted in significantly higher proliferation inhibition rates than in the cells transfected with the control siRNA ( CONCLUSIONS Interference of BIRC6 mediated by siRNA can inhibit autophagy and promote 5-FU-induced apoptosis to enhance the sensitivity of 786-O cells to 5-FU.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/genetics* ; Kidney Neoplasms/genetics* ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics*

OBJECTIVETo explore expression and significance of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and survivin in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

METHODSPeripheral blood samples were collected from 68 patients with ALL in our hospital including 48 newby diagnosed patients, 13 patients in remission, 7 patients in relapse, and 20 healthy volunteers (control). The expressions of PTEN and survivin mRNA and protein were detected by real time PCR, Western blot and respectively, and clinical pathological parameter was analyzed.

RESULTSThe expressions of PTEN mRNA and protein in newby diagnosed, remission and relapsed group were lower than that in control group (P<0.01). The expressions of PTEN mRNA and protein in newly diagnosed and relapsed groups were lower than that in remission group (P<0.01). The expressions of survivin mRNA and protein in newly diagnosed, remission and relapsed group were higher than that in control group (P < 0.01). The expressions of survivin mRNA and protein in newly diagno sed and relapsed groups were higher than that in remission group (P < 0.01). The expressions of PTEN and survivin mRNA did not relahed with the age, sex and white blood count in ALL patients, and also did not related with the morphological classification in newly diagnosed ALL (P>0.05), but related with immunological calssification in newly diagnosed ALL (P < 0.01). The expressions of PTEN and survivin were negatively correlated in ALL (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPTEN and survivin play an important role in the occurrence, development and prognosis in ALL, and may be one of the potential targets for ALL treatment.

Acute Disease ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Prognosis ; RNA, Messenger

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of knocking down fascin on cervical cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in nude mice. METHODS: Cervical cancer CaSki cells were infected with a lentiviral vector carrying fascin siRNA or with a negative control lentivirus, and fascin mRNA and protein expressions in the cells were detected using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. MTT assay was used to determine the proliferation of CaSki cells with fascin knockdown. CaSki cells transfected with fascin siRNA or the control lentiviral vector and non-transfected CaSki cells were inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice, and the volume and weight of the transplanted tumor were measured; Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), survivin, cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and p21 proteins in the tumor xenograft. RESULTS: Infection with the lentiviral vector carrying fascin siRNA, but not the negative control vector, caused significant reductions in the expression levels of fascin mRNA and protein in CaSki cells ( < 0.05). Fascin knockdown resulted in significantly reduced proliferation of CaSki cells ( < 0.05). The nude mice inoculated with CaSki cells with fascin knockdown showed reduced tumor volume and weight, lowered levels of PCNA, survivin and CDK4, and increased expression of p21 protein in the tumor xenograft compared with the control mice. The negative control lentivirus did not affect the proliferation or tumorigenicity of CaSki cells in nude mice or the expression levels of PCNA, survivin, CDK4 or p21 proteins in the xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Knocking down fascin can inhibit the growth and tumorigenicity of cervical cancer cells in nude mice.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Microfilament Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Survivin ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Burden ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; etiology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Huaiqihuang Granules (, HQH), a mixture of Chinese herbs including Trametes robiniophila Murr, Fructus Lycii and Polygonatum sibiricum, on adriamycininduced nephropathy (ADRN) in rats and its underlying mechanisms.

METHODSRats with ADRN were divided into four groups: the sham group, the model group (distilled water), the low-dose HQH-treated (2 g/kg) group, and the high-dose HQH-treated (4 g/kg) group. Body weight and 24-h urinary protein (Upro) were checked every week. After 5-week intervention, at the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for examination of biochemical parameters, including glomerular morphological makers, podocyte shape, cellular apoptosis, expressions of nephrin, inflammatory and apoptosis markers.

RESULTSHQH ameliorated the rat's general status, proteinuria, renal morphological appearance and glomerulosclerosis. The decreased expression of nephrin in ADRN rats was increased by HQH, as well as the impaired podocyte foot process fusion. Cytosolic levels of p65 and inhibitor of nuclear factor κBα (IκBα) were decreased in ADRN rats, and recovered by the treatment of HQH. Consistently, the induced expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), phosphorylated nuclear factor κB p65 (p-NFκB p65) and IκBα in ADRN were markedly suppressed by HQH. In addition, induction of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome C in ADRN rats were suppressed by HQH, indicating the amelioration of apoptosis.

CONCLUSIONHQH could ameliorate renal impairments in ADRN rats by increasing nephrin expression, inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway via the down-regulation of p-NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα, and suppression of glomerular and tubular apoptosis.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cytochromes c ; metabolism ; Doxorubicin ; adverse effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Kidney ; drug effects ; pathology ; Kidney Diseases ; blood ; chemically induced ; complications ; drug therapy ; Kidney Glomerulus ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Kidney Tubules ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Proteinuria ; blood ; complications ; drug therapy ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the expression of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (cIAP2) during gastric carcinogenesis after Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and after HP eradication. METHODS: We divided non-cancer patients into four groups according to the status of HP infection and atrophic gastritis (AG)/intestinal metaplasia (IM). We compared cIAP2 mRNA expression among these four groups and patients with HP-positive early gastric cancer (EGC) by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We evaluated the expression of cIAP2 messenger RNA (mRNA)/protein by using real-time PCR/immunohistochemistry and the degree of apoptosis with a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assay before and 12 months after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in HP-positive EGC patients, regardless of whether they had undergone eradication therapy. RESULTS: The expression of cIAP2 mRNA was significantly higher in the groups with HP(+), AG/IM(+), and HP-positive EGC than in the control, HP(+), and AG/IM(−) groups (p<0.005). In the HP eradication group, the expression of cIAP2 mRNA/protein significantly decreased (p=0.006) and apoptosis increased at the 12-month follow-up after ESD. In the HP noneradication group, the aforementioned changes were not found during the same follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of cIAP2 increased during gastric carcinogenesis after HP infection; HP eradication in the patients who had undergone ESD for EGC reversed overexpression of cIAP2 and suppressed cell apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; Carcinogenesis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins* ; Metaplasia ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Stomach Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that the expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family increases in patients with colon cancer. We evaluated the expression of the IAP family and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in normal colon mucosa from patients with advanced colorectal adenoma and investigated their features according to characteristics of advanced colorectal adenoma. METHODS: While resections of polyps were performed in patients (n = 80) diagnosed with advanced colorectal adenoma or carcinoma in situ, additional normal tissues were obtained from the sigmoid colon. In healthy patients (n = 16), blind biopsies were performed on the sigmoid colon. The expression of the IAP family, including survivin, XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2, and hTERT, were analyzed by real-time PCR in both groups. RESULTS: A total of 80 advanced colorectal adenoma patients (71.3% male, mean age of 60.4 years) and 16 control patients were enrolled in this study. The mean ranking of cIAP2 was higher in the control group (68.88 vs. 44.43, P = 0.001). The expression levels of hTERT, survivin, XIAP, and cIAP from both groups showed no differences. The expression of survivin, XIAP, cIAP1, cIAP2, and hTERT depending on certain factors of advanced adenoma, including the number (two or fewer vs. three or more), size (smaller than 1 cm vs. larger than 1 cm), grade of dysplasia (low grade adenoma vs. high grade adenoma), pathology (tubular adenoma vs. villous adenoma), and presence of endometrial intraepithelial neoplasms, showed no significant correlations in the Mann-Whitney U-test. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of the IAP family and hTERT, except cIAP2, in the normal mucosa of patients with advanced colorectal adenoma were not different from those of the control group. There were no differences in the IAP family and hTERT according to the characteristics of advanced adenoma.
Adenoma* ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Colon ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Humans ; Humans* ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins* ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Pathology ; Polyps ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Telomerase*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of Tal1 gene, which is aberrantly expressed in 40%-60% of patients with T lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL), in the proliferation of T-ALL cells.

METHODSWe established stable Jurkat-siTal1 and Jurkat-T1 cell lines by trasnfecting T-ALL Jurkat cells with lentiviral vectors to knock-down or overexpress Tal1. Jurkat cells transfected with negative control siRNAs for Tal1 knock-down (Jurkat-mock1) and over-expression(Jurkat-mock2) served as the control cells. The proliferation of the cells lines was assessed using CCK-8 assay, and the cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2 (CDKN2A) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (CDKN2B) were measured by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively.

RESULTSJurkat-T1 cells showed more active proliferation in vitro than Jurkat-mock2 cells, while Jurkat-siTal1 cells showed slower growth than Jurkat-mock1 cells. In Jurkat-T1 cells, G0/G1 phase cells were decreased and S phase cells increased compared with Jurkat-mock2 cells, and Jurkat-siTal1 cells showed increased G0/G1 phase cells and decreased S phase cells compared with Jurkat-mock1 cells. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that Tal1 inhibited the cellular expression of CDKN2A and CDKN2B at both mRNA and protein levels.

CONCLUSIONTal1 promotes the growth and the transition from G0/G1 phase to S phase in T-ALL cells Jurkat by inhibiting the expressions of G0/G1 and S phase negative regulatory proteins CDKN2A and CDKN2B.

Apoptosis ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15 ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Lentivirus ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; T-Cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Protein 1

BACKGROUNDSurvivin is an oncoprotein silenced in normal mature tissues but reactivated in serous ovarian cancer (SOC). Although transcriptional activation is assumed for its overexpression, the long 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) in survivin gene, which contains many alternate polyadenylation (APA) sites, implies a propensity for posttranscriptional control and therefore was the aim of our study.

METHODSThe abundance of the coding region, the proximal and the distal region of survivin mRNA 3'-UTR, was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in SOC samples, cell lines, and normal fallopian tube (NFT) tissues. The APA sites were confirmed by rapid amplification of cDNA 3' ends and DNA sequencing. Real-time PCR were used to screen survivin-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) that were inversely correlated with survivin. The expression of an inversely correlated miRNA was restored by pre-miRNA transfection or induction with a genotoxic agent to test its inhibitory effect on survivin overexpression.

RESULTSVarying degrees of APA were observed in SOC by comparing the abundance of the proximal and the distal region of survivin 3'-UTR, and changes of 3'-UTR correlated significantly with survivin expression (r = 0.708, P< 0.01). The main APA sites are proved at 1197 and 1673 of survivin 3'-UTR by DNA sequencing. Higher level of 3'-UTR proximal region than coding region was observed in NFT, as well as in SOC and cell lines. Among the survivin-targeting miRNAs, only a few highly expressed miRNAs were inversely correlated with survivin levels, and they mainly targeted the distal part of the 3'-UTR. However, in ovarian cancer cells, restoration of an inversely correlated miRNA (miR-34c) showed little effect on survivin expression.

CONCLUSIONSIn NFT tissues, survivin is not transcriptionally silenced but regulate posttranscriptionally. In SOC, aberrant APA leads to the shortening of survivin 3'-UTR which enables it to escape the negative regulation of miRNAs and is responsible for survivin up-regulation.

3' Untranslated Regions ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Polyadenylation ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the antitumor effect of lycorine on renal cell carcinoma ACHN cells and explore the possible mechanism.

METHODSWe used flow cytometry to examine the effect of lycorine on ACHN cell cycle and apoptosis. The cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed with MTS assay, wound healing assay, and Transwell assay, respectively. Colony forming assay was performed, and the mRNA and protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2, survivin, caspase-3, cyclin D1 and CDK4 were measured with qRT-PCR and Western blotting.

RESULTSLycorine obviously inhibited the proliferation of ACHN cells with an IC(50) of 24.34 µmol/L. Lycorine also induced apoptosis of ACHN cells, caused cell cycle arrest at G(0)/G(1) phase, and suppressed the colony forming ability of the cells in a dose-dependent manner. The migration and invasion of ACHN cells were significantly inhibited by 5 µmol/L lycorine. Lycorine up-regulated the mRNA levels of CDK4, Bax, caspase-3 while down-regulated the levels of survivin, Bcl-2 and Cyclin D1; the protein levels of CDK4 and Bax were increased and cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and surviving expressions were decreased, but caspase-3 expression showed no significant changes following the treatment.

CONCLUSIONLycorine has obvious antitumor effect against ACHN cells, suggesting its value as a new therapeutic agent for renal cell carcinoma.

Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; metabolism ; Phenanthridines ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism