Until now, aesthetic concerns have been focused on the face, especially on the eyes, nose and facial contour. But recently, many people have interest in the aesthetics of the trunk and extremities. There is an increasing demands for the correction or improvement of the trunk and extremity contour, especially in cases of poliomyelitis and posttraumatic deformity. Authors did the thigh augmentation with silicone prosthesis in a poliomyelitis patient. Subfascial pocket was made and prefabricated silicone implants were placed in the pocket. Circumferential differences between affected thigh and unaffected thigh were reduced from 11 cm(15 cm above knee), 9 cm(25 cm above knee) to 2.5 cm, 3 cm. No definitive complication was present. So, authors conclude that this technique is useful to obtain the good results in the aesthetic correction of asymmetric thigh.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Esthetics ; Extremities ; Humans ; Nose ; Poliomyelitis* ; Prostheses and Implants* ; Silicones* ; Thigh*

Until now, aesthetic concerns have been focused on the face, especially on the eyes, nose and facial contour. But recently, many people have interest in the aesthetics of the trunk and extremities. There is an increasing demands for the correction or improvement of the trunk and extremity contour, especially in cases of poliomyelitis and posttraumatic deformity. Authors did the thigh augmentation with silicone prosthesis in a poliomyelitis patient. Subfascial pocket was made and prefabricated silicone implants were placed in the pocket. Circumferential differences between affected thigh and unaffected thigh were reduced from 11 cm(15 cm above knee), 9 cm(25 cm above knee) to 2.5 cm, 3 cm. No definitive complication was present. So, authors conclude that this technique is useful to obtain the good results in the aesthetic correction of asymmetric thigh.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Esthetics ; Extremities ; Humans ; Nose ; Poliomyelitis* ; Prostheses and Implants* ; Silicones* ; Thigh*

The purpose of this study is to propose a new fracture classification of lateral orbital wall, to emphasize the clinical significance of lateral orbital wall fractures, and to suggest appropriate surgical approach according to our classification. This study is based on a treatment of forty-seven patients with lateral orbital wall fractures, and medical records and radiologic studies were reviewed retrospectively. A clinical classification was based on radiographs obtained. Grade I fracture is a fracture of the frontal process of the zygoma at the zygomatico-sphenoidal suture line. Grade I fractures are further divided into 2 subgroups: Grade IA-compressed; Grade IBa-laterally displaced fracture; Grade IBb-medially displaced fracture. Grade II fractures are fractures that extend to the orbital plate of the greater wing of the sphenoid. These fractures are further divided: Grade IIA-compressed; and Grade IIB-displaced fracture. In Grade III fractures, the entire greater wing of the sphenoid is impacted toward the orbital apex with possible intrusion into the middle cranial fossa. The most common type of fracture was Grade IBa (51%) and the least common type was Grade IIA (4%). All Grade II and Grade III fractures had major ophthalmic problems. Nineteen of 47cases (40%) developed ophthalmic problems such as proptosis (23%), diplopia (21%), restricted extraocular muscle movement (15%), displacement of eye globe (15%), optic nerve injury (4%), and globe rupture(4%). Postsurgical sequelae included proptosis (4%), diplopia (4%), restricted extraocular muscle movement (6%) and blindness (6%). Our classification can be applied to all types of lateral orbital wall fractures. Our data and analysis demonstrate that Grade II/III fractures have a significant of major and sometimes devastating ophthalmic injuries. These findings, we believe, mandate that all patients with clinically suspected lateral wall fractures obtain a thorough ophthalmologic examination and complete facial CT scans. This classification may be helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of lateral orbital wall fracture.
Blindness ; Classification* ; Cranial Fossa, Middle ; Diagnosis ; Diplopia ; Exophthalmos ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Optic Nerve Injuries ; Orbit* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sutures ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Zygoma

It is known that E-cadherin, playing a role in the differentiation of the various tissues, is expressed in the early stage of development. In this research, the expression of E-cadherin and the presence of the intracellular E-cadherin mRNA in the developing fetal rat palatine epithelium using immunohistochemistry and in situ RT-PCR are studied. The investigator also performs TUNEL method and TEM technique for detecting the apoptosis in the palatine epithelium. Fetal rats on the 14th, 15th, 16th and 18th day of gestation were used. The results obtained were as follows: Before the fusion of the both palatine shelves, E-cadherin was expressed in the oral part epithelium. After the fusion oral epithelium and original triangular area were reacted strongly. TUNEL positive cells were rarely found on the midline palatine epithelium in fused palatine processes. On the 18th day of gestation, the remodeling time, many apoptotic cells were observed in the original triangular area. It is suggested that E-cadherin plays a role in the fusion of the palatine shelves, especially in the fusion between the oral part and lower part of midline epithelium, and apoptosis plays a major role in the remodeling of the palate.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Cadherins* ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Palate ; Pregnancy ; Rats* ; Research Personnel ; RNA, Messenger

As significant increase in the pediatric accidents becomes socially and morally concerned, reviewing over the statistical analysis of the pediatric accidents was needed especially in their facial bone traumas, in order to deduce a preventive and so to speak, protocols of treatments. This retrospective study comprise 73 pediatric patients who sustained facial bone fractures through various accidents and treated in the department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul Hospital, Hanyang Medical Center during past 6 years from January 1993 to December 1998. The medical records of these 73 patients (91 fractures) were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively in order to obtain the clinical pattern and understand the therapeutic modalities. The statistical items were the prevalent time, age, sex and cause distribution, fracture sites, accompanying injuries, intervals among accident, arrival and operation, treatment methods with fixation materials, and complications were reviewed as following results. An increment of 5.1% per year of pediatric facial bone fractures was noted where 5.4% reduction of the population during the same periods. The mean age of patients was 10.5 years and the range of age was 3 to 15 years with males predominating over females in 3.1:1 ratio as in 3.5:1 in adults. Traffic accidents(43.9%) were responsible for the majority of facial bone fractures followed by violence(26.4%), fall(18.7%) and 91 facial fractures in 73 patients were classified where most common sites were nasal bone (56.1%) followed by blow-out fracture excluding other orbital fractures(17.6%), mandible(15.4%), zygoma(5.5%), orbital rim(2.2%), maxilla (2.2%) and frontal sinus(1.1%). Associated soft tissue injuries were combined in 52 patients(71.2%) and fractures other than facial bone were developed in 12 patients (16.4%) and treatment for facial bone fracture consisted of open reduction(40.6%), closed reduction(54.9%) and conservative treatment(5.5%). The complication rate was 9.4% and the most common complication was local infection followed by ophthalmologic problems and facial asymmetry. All data were analyzed based on the charts, medical records, and X-ray findings and presentation of the goals and optimal course of the entire management was made.
Adult ; Facial Asymmetry ; Facial Bones* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; Medical Records ; Nasal Bone ; Orbit ; Orbital Fractures ; Plastics ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Soft Tissue Injuries

No Abstract Available.
Humans ; Poliomyelitis*

No Abstract Available.
Forehead*

No Abstract Available.
Mandible* ; Osteotomy*

The microform cleft lip is the mildest expression of cleft lip and nose deformity, but it has no specific definition, classification, and few methods have been reported for its correction. It is characterized by deformity of the nostril, skin striae of the upper lip, notching of peaked Cupid's bow, deformity of the vermilion, and anomaly of the upper lateral incisior and alveolar ridge on the affected region. Sixty-three microform cleft lip patients were operated on between Dec. 1993 and Sep. 1998 in our department(29 males and 34 females). The age of the patients ranged from 5 months to 30 years(Mean 9 years). We classified and treated the microform cleft lip as follows: Class I: Cleft lip nose with very slight lip deformity Class II: Minimal lip deformity without vermilion notching Class III: Mild lip deformity with slight vermilion notching. The goals in the correction of a microform cleft lip are to obtain an esthetically pleasing upper lip and nose, and to reestablish muscle continuity for improved function. To attain these goals, we used the above classification and satisfactory results were obtained by treating the microform cleft according to the classification.
Alveolar Process ; Classification* ; Cleft Lip* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Lip ; Male ; Microfilming* ; Nose ; Skin

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the relation of leg length discrepancy on ankle muscle strength. METHOD: Twenty four adult women were tested (12 leg length equality and 12 leg length discrepancy). Leg length was measured by tape ruler from anterior superior iliac spine to medial malleolus, three times by three different trained examiners. The muscle strength (bilateral ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors) was measured by using Cybex 340 dynamometer at 30 degree/sec and 120 degree/sec. RESULTS: The mean value of leg length discrepancy was 0.89+/-0.24 cm. In leg length discrepancy group, the peak torque of ankle plantarflexor were 44.50+/-20.94 Nm in long leg and 51.83+/-12.75 Nm in short leg at 30 degree/sec angular velocity (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We concluded that there were significant increase in plantar flexor peak torques of short leg than those of long legs at 30 degree/sec (P<0.05). Perhaps the difference of the muscle strength might be due to compensatory mechanism of short leg in propulsion during gait.
Adult ; Ankle* ; Female ; Gait ; Humans ; Leg* ; Muscle Strength ; Spine ; Torque