Vitamin D can not only regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism, but also exert an immunoregulatory effect. Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Studies have shown that vitamin D is associated with CD and other autoimmune diseases and can improve the condition of patients with CD and promote their recovery by regulating intestinal immunity, repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier, inhibiting intestinal fibrosis, enhancing the response to infliximab, and regulating intestinal microbiota. Exogenous vitamin D supplementation can induce disease remission while increasing the serum level of vitamin D. However, only a few randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trials have investigated the therapeutic effect of vitamin D in CD, and the optimal form of vitamin D supplementation, the specific dosage of vitamin D supplementation, and the optimal serum maintenance concentration of vitamin D remain to be clarified. This article mainly discusses the mechanism of action of vitamin D in CD and the beneficial effect of exogenous vitamin D supplementation on CD.
Humans ; Calcium, Dietary ; Crohn Disease/drug therapy* ; Dietary Supplements ; Infliximab ; Vitamin D/therapeutic use*

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of infliximab (IFX) therapy for children with Kawasaki disease. Methods: Sixty-eight children with Kawasaki disease who received IFX therapy in Children's Hospital of Fudan University from January 2014 to April 2021 were enrolled. The indications for IFX administration, changes in laboratory parameters before and after IFX administration, response rate, drug adverse events and complications and outcomes of coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) were retrospectively analyzed. Comparisons between groups were performed with unpaired Student t test or Mann-Whitney U test or chi-square test. Results: Among 68 children with Kawasaki disease, 52 (76%) were males and 16 (24%) were females. The age of onset was 2.1 (0.5, 3.8) years. IFX was administered to: (1) 35 children (51%) with persistent fever who did not respond to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or steroids, 28 of the 35 children (80%) developed CAA before IFX therapy; (2) 32 children (47%) with continuous progression of CAA; (3) 1 child with persistent arthritis. In all cases, IFX was administered as an additional treatment (the time from the onset of illness to IFX therapy was 21 (15, 30) days) which consisted of second line therapy in 20 (29%), third line therapy in 20 (29%), and fourth (or more) line therapy in 28 (41%). C-reactive protein (8 (4, 15) vs. 16 (8, 43) mg/L, Z=-3.38, P=0.001), serum amyloid protein A (17 (10, 42) vs. 88 (11, 327) mg/L, Z=-2.36, P=0.018) and the percentage of neutrophils (0.39±0.20 vs. 0.49±0.21, t=2.63, P=0.010) decreased significantly after IFX administration. Fourteen children (21%) did not respond to IFX and received additional therapies mainly including steroids and cyclophosphamide. There was no significant difference in gender, age at IFX administration, time from the onset of illness to IFX administration, the maximum coronary Z value before IFX administration, and the incidence of systemic aneurysms between IFX-sensitive group and IFX-resistant group (all P>0.05). Infections occurred in 11 cases (16%) after IFX administration, including respiratory tract, digestive tract, urinary tract, skin and oral infections. One case had Calmette-Guérin bacillus-related adverse reactions 2 months after IFX administration. All of these adverse events were cured successfully. One child died of CAA rupture, 6 children were lost to follow up, the remaining 61 children were followed up for 6 (4, 15) months. No CAA occurred in 7 children before and after IFX treatment, while CAA occurred in 54 children before IFX treatment. CAA regressed in 23 (43%) children at the last follow-up, and the diameter of coronary artery recovered to normal in 10 children. Conclusion: IFX is an effective and safe therapeutic choice for children with Kawasaki disease who are refractory to IVIG or steroids therapy or with continuous progression of CAA.
Child ; Coronary Aneurysm/etiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use* ; Infant ; Infliximab/adverse effects* ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/drug therapy* ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVES: To study the association between infliximab trough level (IFX-TL) prior to maintenance treatment and disease outcome in children with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 35 children with CD who received induction therapy with infliximab (IFX) and the measurement of IFX-TL before maintenance treatment from August 2018 to November 2021. Clinical data and laboratory markers at baseline and before maintenance treatment were collected, and the association between outcome and IFX-TL was analyzed. RESULTS: The clinical remission group, endoscopic remission group, and combined remission group had a significantly higher IFX-TL level than the corresponding non-remission groups (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the IFX-TL level between the biological remission and non-biological remission groups (P>0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that IFX-TL had an area under the ROC curve of 0.959 (95%CI: 0.894-1) in predicting clinical remission, with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 100% at the optimal cutoff value of 2.3 µg/mL (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Among children with CD receiving infliximab induction therapy, the children achieving clinical and endoscopic remission before maintenance treatment tend to have a higher level of IFX-TL. IFX-TL has a certain predictive value for clinical remission.
Child ; Humans ; Infliximab/therapeutic use* ; Crohn Disease/drug therapy* ; Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use* ; Retrospective Studies ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis*

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a common, chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease with increased epidermal proliferation. The objective of this review was to systematically identify the evidence and perform a network meta-analysis (NMA) to estimate the relative efficacy of secukinumab (SEC) against adalimumab (ADA) and infliximab (INF) for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. METHODS: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted according to a pre-specified protocol to identify relevant studies. Initially, the databases were searched from database inception till June 2013, and the SLR was updated in April 2020. The eligibility criteria included adult patients (≥18 years old) with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, and the SLR included randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The comparators of interest were SEC, ADA, INF, and placebo (PLA), while outcomes of interest were Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) (50, 75, and 90) at weeks 12, 16, and 24. A Bayesian NMA for PASI was utilized with a framework that evaluated the probability of PASI responses in different categories of PASI thresholds within a single model. RESULTS: A total of 23 RCTs that assessed the efficacy of SEC, ADA, and INF in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis were identified. At 12 weeks, SEC was associated with a significantly better response compared with PLA and ADA for PASI 75 and 90, while response results were comparable against INF. At 12 weeks, risk ratio (95% confidence interval) derived from NMA for SEC vs. ADA and INF for PASI 75 was 1.35 (1.19, 1.57) and 1.01 (0.90, 1.18), respectively. At the 16-week and 24-week time interval, SEC was significantly better than PLA, ADA, and INF for PASI 75 and 90. CONCLUSION Efficacy of SEC in the treatment of patient populations with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis is well demonstrated through NMA.
Adalimumab/therapeutic use* ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Humans ; Infliximab/therapeutic use* ; Psoriasis/drug therapy* ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome

To investigate the correlation between peripheral concentration of infliximab (IFX) or anti-IFX antibody titers and short-term therapeutic effect of IFX in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
 Methods: Twenty patients with active RA were treated with combination of methotrexate (MTX), leflunomide (LEF) with IFX, and the clinical and laboratory index and the side effects were recorded before and after IFX treatment. Twenty healthy subjects were chosen as a control group.
 Results: After 14-week treatment, patients were categorized into good, moderate or no responders according to EULAR remission criteria. There were no significant differences in peripheral IFX concentration, anti-IFX antibody titers and TNF-α levels among the 3 groups, and there were no significant correlations among ΔDAS28-CRP, peripheral IFX concentration, anti-IFX antibody titers and TNF-α levels.
 Conclusion: Peripheral IFX concentration, anti-IFX antibody titers and TNF-α levels can not be used as reliable predictive index for short-term effect of IFX in active RA.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; blood ; Antirheumatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Infliximab ; blood ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVETo explore the platelet count in prediction of the efficacy of infliximab for active Crohn's disease.

METHODSA total of 74 patients with Crohn's disease, including 50 males and 24 females with mean age of 27 years, receiving infliximab therapy from January 2011 to June 2015 were retrospectively included. Clinical variables including routine blood test, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and Crohn's disease activity index were measured before treatment and after 3rd, 6th treatments.

RESULTSCompared with baseline, the Crohn's disease activity index score, white blood cell count, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein significantly decreased (all (P<0.01), while hemoglobin and red blood cell hematocrit increased (P<0.01) in patients after 3 treatments of infliximab. These variables were further improved after 6 treatments. Further analysis showed that platelet count was positively associated with disease severity of Crohn's disease. Fifty-three patients achieved clinical remission (Crohn's disease activity index score<150) after 3 treatments of infliximab. Logistic regression analysis showed that baseline platelet count, Crohn's disease activity index, and disease course were three predictors for clinical remission of Crohn's disease.

CONCLUSIONPlatelet count is positively associated with disease severity of Crohn's disease, and baseline platelet count is an important predicator for the early response of infliximab therapy.

Adult ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Crohn Disease ; blood ; drug therapy ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Infliximab ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Platelet Count ; Retrospective Studies

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder is clinically important because of its prevalence, chronicity, and therapy-refractoriness of the pain. In this study, we investigated the effect of infliximab in a mouse model of TMJ pain using a specially-engineered transducer for evaluating the changes in bite force (BF). The mice were randomly divided into three groups (7 mice per group): the control group, the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) group, and the infliximab group. BF was measured at day 0 (baseline BF). After measuring the baseline BF, CFA or incomplete Freund's adjuvant was injected into both TMJs and then the changes in BF were measured at days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 13 after the TMJ injection. For measuring the BF, we used a custom-built BF transducer. Control, CFA, and infliximab groups showed similar baseline BF at day 0. From day 1, a significant reduction in BF was observed in the CFA group, and this reduction in BF was statistically significant compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05). This reduction in BF was maintained until day 7, and BF started to recover gradually from day 9. In the infliximab group also, the reduction in BF was observed on day 1, and this reduction was maintained until day 7. However, the degree of reduction in BF was less remarkable compared to that in the CFA group. The reduction in BF caused by injection of CFA into the TMJ could be partially alleviated by the injection of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha, infliximab.
Animals ; Antirheumatic Agents/*therapeutic use ; *Bite Force ; Disease Models, Animal ; Freund's Adjuvant/toxicity ; Infliximab/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Temporomandibular Joint/pathology ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/chemically induced/*drug therapy/pathology ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of infliximab in the treatment of Crohn's disease in children.

METHODSThirteen children who were diagnosed with Crohn's disease and received routine comprehensive treatment and infliximab (5 mg/kg) between January 2011 and December 2014 were enrolled. The changes in their clinical manifestations, laboratory indices, and Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) after the 30-week treatment were analyzed retrospectively. Meanwhile, endoscopy was performed to evaluate therapeutic effects.

RESULTSThe symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stool were relieved soon after infliximab treatment, with no recurrence observed; after the 30-week treatment, the white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and the PCDAI decreased, while the hemoglobin increased significantly compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). After infliximab treatment, two children underwent endoscopy. The endoscopy showed that one child was cured, and the other child failed to respond to the treatment. No adverse drug reactions were seen in all patients.

CONCLUSIONSInfliximab treatment has significant clinical effects in children with Crohn's disease, with no obvious adverse reactions, and therefore, it can be applied as one of the preferred alternatives for treatment of Crohn's disease in children.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Crohn Disease ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infliximab ; therapeutic use ; Male

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study investigated the expression of T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3), human beta-defensin (HBD)-2, forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3), and the frequency of CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in children with Crohn's disease (CD) during infliximab therapy. METHODS: We enrolled 20 CD patients who received infliximab treatment for 1 year. Peripheral blood and colonic mucosal specimens were collected from all CD patients and from healthy control individuals. RESULTS: A significant difference in TIM-3 mRNA expression was evident in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and colonic mucosa between CD patients before infliximab therapy and the healthy controls (p<0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). A significant difference in HBD-2 mRNA expression was found in colonic mucosa between CD patients before infliximab therapy and the healthy controls (p=0.013). In the active phase of CD, at baseline, the median percentage of T cells that were CD25+ FOXP3+ was 1.5% (range, 0.32% to 3.49%), which increased after inflixmab treatment for 1 year to 2.2% (range, 0.54% to 5.02%) (p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that both the adaptive and innate immune systems are closely linked to each other in CD pathogenesis. And the results of our study indicate that it could be a useful therapeutic tool, where restoration of TIM-3, HBD-2 and the function of Tregs may repair the dysfunctional immunoregulation in CD.
Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Colon/immunology ; Crohn Disease/*drug therapy/immunology/*metabolism ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Agents/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infliximab/*therapeutic use ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; beta-Defensins/*metabolism

No abstract available.
Crohn Disease/*drug therapy/*metabolism ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Agents/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infliximab/*therapeutic use ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; beta-Defensins/*metabolism