OBJECTIVE: To design a portable respiratory device for transporting premature infants and explore its application effect in the in-hospital transportation of extremely premature infants in primary hospitals. METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. The extremely premature infants born and transferred to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with oxygen therapy support from May to October in 2023 were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group. The infants in the control group received respiratory support and in-hospital transportation using a traditional T-combination resuscitator connected to pure oxygen, and those in the observation group used a portable premature infant transport respiratory device designed and manufactured by medical staff to provide respiratory support and implement in-hospital transportation. The respiratory device for transporting premature infants is made of 304 stainless steel material, mainly consisting of a T-combination resuscitator, an air oxygen mixer, an air tank, a pure oxygen cylinder, a pressure reducing valve, a telescopic rod, a tray, a hook, a bottom plate, and four moving wheels, which can achieve precise control of the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) during transportation. The achievement rate of first-time target pulse oxygen saturation (SpO₂, achieving a target SpO₂ of 0.90-0.95 was considered as meeting the standard) and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) after being transferred to the NICU, as well as the manpower expenditure and time required for transportation of pediatric patients between the two groups were observed. RESULTS: A total of 73 extremely premature infants were enrolled, including 38 in the control group and 35 in the observation group. There was no significant difference in the gender, gestational age at birth, birth weight, mode of delivery, Apgar score at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth, and oxygen therapy during the transportation between the two groups. The achievement rate of first-time target SpO₂ after NICU in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [94.29% (33/35) vs. 26.32% (10/38), P < 0.05], the PaO₂ control range was better [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 85.50±6.36 vs. 103.00±2.83, P < 0.05], manpower expenditure and time required for transportation were significantly reduced [manpower expenditure (number): 2.14±0.35 vs. 3.17±0.34, time required for transportation (minutes): 10.42±0.76 vs. 15.54±0.34, both P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS The portable respiratory device for transporting premature infants is used for respiratory support during the transportation of extremely premature infants in primary hospitals. It can improve the achievement rate of target SpO₂, control PaO₂ within the target range, and avoid hypoxia or hyperoxia during transportation. The breathing apparatus is compact, easy to carry, can save labor resources and time during transport, is cost-effective, and is suitable for widespread application in primary hospitals.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Transportation of Patients ; Prospective Studies ; Equipment Design ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Infant, Premature

COVID-19/therapy* ; Equipment and Supplies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; N95 Respirators ; Patient Isolators ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; Respiratory Protective Devices ; Resuscitation/methods* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Singapore

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes and underlying mechanisms in parents' safety awareness and the use of child safety seats after the mandatory legislation in Shanghai city, China. METHODS: This study was carried out by Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environment and Children's Health using a multi-stage, simple random sampling method. Volunteers with children aged 0-12 months were recruited. Child safety seats were sent to each volunteer's family. Telephone encounters and/or on-site visits were used to collect data from parents using a phased survey on children's safety during car use. RESULTS: Among all respondents, 91.2% had heard of motor vehicle accidents involving children, and 97.2% could describe the appropriate use of a safety seat to minimize the risk of child injury in a collision. Among 1078 families with newborns, awareness of child safety seats was 91.9%. There were 86% patients aware that new laws and regulations have been released regarding the use of child safety seats, and 98.5% of them plan to comply with the new laws. Moreover, 61% patients think that taxis should be routinely equipped with child safety seats. CONCLUSION The parents in Shanghai obtained a high level of awareness of children's traffic safety after the introduction of child safety seats legislation, and had a positive experience related to the use of child safety seats. Taxi may be an important area of focus for implementation of child traffic safety. Traffic safety laws and regulations with further impact should be continuously studied.
Accidents, Traffic ; legislation & jurisprudence ; prevention & control ; Automobiles ; Awareness ; Child Health ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Child Restraint Systems ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Humans ; Infant ; Parents ; psychology ; Safety ; legislation & jurisprudence

PURPOSE: This study compared the pain-relieving effects of human milk, sucrose, and distilled water during examinations for retinopathy of prematurity. METHODS: Forty-five preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive a pacifier dipped in one of three solutions: human milk (n=14), 24% sucrose (n=15), or distilled water (n=16), 2 minutes before an eye examination. Their pain score, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation were measured at three time points: 5 minutes before the examination, 30 seconds after speculum introduction, and 2 minutes after the examination. RESULTS: The infants' mean gestational age and weight at birth were 33.1±2.1 weeks and 1,842±470 g, respectively. There were no between-group differences in pain relief during the eye examination. The pain score significantly increased both during (p<.001) and after the examinations (p=.003). Oxygen saturation decreased during the examinations (p<.001); however, the infants in the 24% sucrose group showed higher oxygen saturation (p=.047) during the examinations than the infants in the other groups. CONCLUSION: Sucking on a pacifier dipped in human milk or 24% sucrose did not reduce the pain associated with eye examinations in preterm infants. Pacifiers dipped in sucrose can be used to maintain better oxygen saturation during these examinations.
Analgesia ; Gestational Age ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Milk, Human ; Oxygen ; Pacifiers ; Parturition ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; Sucrose ; Surgical Instruments ; Water

PURPOSE: Child safety seats (CSS) are critical for the protection of children, in case of motor vehicle accidents. Although the national legislation mandates that all newborns must be placed in an appropriately installed CSS during transportation, people often do not perceive the importance of CSS and do not use it as recommended. The purpose of this survey was to understand the use of CSS for the safe transport of newborns from hospital to home. METHODS: We interviewed parents of newborn infants, using a structured questionnaire, at the time of their discharge from Cheil General Hospital & Women’s Health Care Center, between May 2014 and July 2014. RESULTS: A total of 403 participants were interviewed. The rate of CSS use was only 14.9%. Overall, 76.4% of the families interviewed were not aware about the recommendations on CSS use for newborns when travelling in a car. The provision of education on using CSS significantly influenced their rate of use. Parents who were educated about mounting the CSS in a car used it more as compared with others (25.7% vs. 12.2%) (P=0.002). Furthermore, if parents had heard about the importance or necessity of CSS, they used it more than others did (19.5% vs. 10.6%, P=0.032). CONCLUSION: Despite the legal regulation, most parents transport their newborn infants without a CSS while traveling from hospital to their home. The rate of CSS use was influenced by parental education and their knowledge about its necessity. Education programs for parents must be reinforced to increase the CSS use.
Child Restraint Systems* ; Child* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Education ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Motor Vehicles ; Parents ; Seat Belts ; Transportation*

PURPOSE: The use of proper safety restraint systems by children is vital for the reduction of traffic accident-related injury and death. This study evaluated the rates of use of safety restraint systems and front seats by Korean children. METHODS: Based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2015, I investigated the frequencies of safety restraint systems and front seat use by children under six and 12 years of age, respectively. RESULTS: The percentage of respondents who said they always use safety restraint systems increased from 17.7% in 2008 to 45.0% in 2015. The rate of children who did not use the front seats at all was 47.3 % in 2008 compared to 33.4% in 2015. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a decrease in safety-restraint-system use as age increased (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51–0.77). The use rate of front-passenger seat belts by the mother is significantly correlated with the safety-restraint- system use rate by children (odds ratio, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.12–4.06). CONCLUSION: Although the rate of safety-restraint-system use for children is increasing annually, it remains low. Additionally, the use rate of front passenger seats for children is high. To reduce the rates of injury and death of children from traffic accidents, it is necessary to educate on the appropriate use of safety restraint systems according to age and body size and to develop stronger regulations.
Accidents, Traffic ; Body Size ; Child Restraint Systems ; Child* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Mothers ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Seat Belts ; Social Control, Formal ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Congenital heart interventions are now replacing surgical palliation and correction in an evolving number of congenital heart defects. Right ventricular outflow tract and ductus arteriosus stenting have demonstrated favorable outcomes compared to surgical systemic to pulmonary artery shunting, and it is likely surgical pulmonary valve replacement will become an uncommon procedure within the next decade, mirroring current practices in the treatment of atrial septal defects. Challenges remain, including the lack of device design focused on smaller infants and the inevitable consequences of somatic growth. Increasing parental and physician expectancy has inevitably lead to higher risk interventions on smaller infants and appreciation of the consequences of these interventions on departmental outcome data needs to be considered. Registry data evaluating congenital heart interventions remain less robust than surgical registries, leading to a lack of insight into the longer-term consequences of our interventions. Increasing collaboration with surgical colleagues has not been met with necessary development of dedicated equipment for hybrid interventions aimed at minimizing the longer-term consequences of scar to the heart. Therefore, great challenges remain to ensure children and adults with congenital heart disease continue to benefit from an exponential growth in minimally invasive interventions and technology. This can only be achieved through a concerted collaborative approach from physicians, industry, academia and regulatory bodies supporting great innovators to continue the philosophy of thinking beyond the limits that has been the foundation of our specialty for the past 50 years.
Adult ; Cardiology ; Child ; Cicatrix ; Cooperative Behavior ; Ductus Arteriosus ; Equipment Design ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Infant ; Parents ; Philosophy ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Valve ; Registries ; Stents ; Thinking

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the usefulness of the communication domain in the Korean version of Ages and Stages Questionnaire (K-ASQ), and short form of the Korean version of MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (M-B CDI-K), as screening tests for language developmental delay. METHODS: Data was collected between April 2010 and December 2013, from children who visited either the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation or the Developmental Delay Clinic, presenting with language development delay as their chief complaint. All the children took the short form of M-B CDI-K and K-ASQ as screening tests, and received diagnostic language assessments including Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI) or Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES). RESULTS: A total of 206 children, mean age 29.7 months, were enrolled. The final diagnoses were developmental language disorder, global developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, etc. The M-B CDI-K short form and the communication domain of the K-ASQ had 95.9% and 76.7% sensitivity, and 82.4% and 85.3% specificity, with regards to diagnostic language assessments. The M-B CDI-K short form showed higher negative predictive value and better accuracy than the communication domain of the K-ASQ. CONCLUSION: The screening ability of K-ASQ was not sufficient for children with language development delay, and the M-B CDI-K short form should be implemented for additional screening.
Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Equipment and Supplies ; Humans ; Infant ; Language Development Disorders ; Language Development* ; Mass Screening* ; Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Gordonia sputi causes rare bacterial infections resulting from a contaminated indwelling medical device. We report the case of a postoperative plastic expander abscess in a woman, with G. sputi identification by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. This report indicates that Gordonia spp. should be included in the list of organisms causing plastic implant infections.
Actinomycetales Infections ; etiology ; microbiology ; Adult ; Aged ; Breast Implants ; adverse effects ; microbiology ; Equipment Contamination ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Gordonia Bacterium ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mammaplasty ; adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Plastics

According to current assembly situation of infant incubator in company A, basic industrial engineering means such as time study was used to analyze the actual products assembly production and an assembly line was designed. The assembly line was modeled and simulated with software Flexsim. The problem of the assembly line was found by comparing simulation result and actual data, then through optimization to obtain high efficiency assembly line.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Incubators, Infant ; Infant ; Software