Purpose: This study evaluated the objective changes in the contralateral eye after unilateral cataract surgery. Methods: The study was designed as retrospective observational study. It included 44 patients who underwent unilateral cataract surgery. Collected data were uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent, intraocular pressure, contrast sensitivity (CS), stereoacuity, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography parameters. Data were collected preoperatively, and 1 week and 1 month postoperatively for each eye. Results: Following unilateral cataract surgery, the pupil size of the fellow eye decreased from 3.46 mm to 3.17 mm (postoperative week 1, p = 0.003) and 3.08 mm (postoperative month 1, p < 0.001). Anterior chamber depth of the fellow eye increased significantly from 3.16 mm to 3.27 mm (postoperative week 1, p = 0.005) and 3.26 mm (postoperative month 1, p = 0.001). Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of the fellow eye improved significantly at postoperative week 1 (p = 0.042) and postoperative month 1 (p = 0.044). Change of UDVA of the fellow eye at postoperative month 1 was significantly correlated with that of the treated eye (p = 0.039). Conclusions Anterior chamber structures changed and UDVA improved in the contralateral eye after unilateral cataract surgery in our cohort. Because fellow eyes were positively affected by monocular cataract surgery, it would be good information if planning for unilateral cataract surgery due to inevitable reasons.

Soil microorganisms have been reported to interact with plants, playing key roles such as providingnutrients essential for plant growth and protecting them from plant pathogens. Additionally, various bioactive molecules from soil significantly contribute to controlling diseases threatening human such as cancer and infectious diseases. Considering the crucial roles and potential of these soil microorganisms, the Natural Products Drug Discovery research group (NPDD) at Duksung Women’s University collected soil samples from various environments, isolated fungi from the soil, and aimed to discover bioactive compounds. In this process, 96 fungal strains were cultured on small scale to generate their ethyl acetate extracts, which were subsequently screened for cell viability using MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Among them, a subset of 17 with over 60% inhibitory activity were selected as top-performing strains, and other 13 strains with below 60% were chosen for large-scale fermentation candidates by HR-ESI-MS dereplication process to discover new bioactive molecules.Chemical investigation of a part of these large-scale fermentation candidates led to the isolation of 13 major metabolites (1–13), and all isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells. As a result, strigaibol C (1), trichoguizaibol J (2), beauvericin (3), and sclerotioramine (13) showed strong inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 0.99, 0.68, 4.25, and 21.8 μM, respectively.

Purpose: This study evaluated the objective changes in the contralateral eye after unilateral cataract surgery. Methods: The study was designed as retrospective observational study. It included 44 patients who underwent unilateral cataract surgery. Collected data were uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent, intraocular pressure, contrast sensitivity (CS), stereoacuity, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography parameters. Data were collected preoperatively, and 1 week and 1 month postoperatively for each eye. Results: Following unilateral cataract surgery, the pupil size of the fellow eye decreased from 3.46 mm to 3.17 mm (postoperative week 1, p = 0.003) and 3.08 mm (postoperative month 1, p < 0.001). Anterior chamber depth of the fellow eye increased significantly from 3.16 mm to 3.27 mm (postoperative week 1, p = 0.005) and 3.26 mm (postoperative month 1, p = 0.001). Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of the fellow eye improved significantly at postoperative week 1 (p = 0.042) and postoperative month 1 (p = 0.044). Change of UDVA of the fellow eye at postoperative month 1 was significantly correlated with that of the treated eye (p = 0.039). Conclusions Anterior chamber structures changed and UDVA improved in the contralateral eye after unilateral cataract surgery in our cohort. Because fellow eyes were positively affected by monocular cataract surgery, it would be good information if planning for unilateral cataract surgery due to inevitable reasons.

Soil microorganisms have been reported to interact with plants, playing key roles such as providingnutrients essential for plant growth and protecting them from plant pathogens. Additionally, various bioactive molecules from soil significantly contribute to controlling diseases threatening human such as cancer and infectious diseases. Considering the crucial roles and potential of these soil microorganisms, the Natural Products Drug Discovery research group (NPDD) at Duksung Women’s University collected soil samples from various environments, isolated fungi from the soil, and aimed to discover bioactive compounds. In this process, 96 fungal strains were cultured on small scale to generate their ethyl acetate extracts, which were subsequently screened for cell viability using MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Among them, a subset of 17 with over 60% inhibitory activity were selected as top-performing strains, and other 13 strains with below 60% were chosen for large-scale fermentation candidates by HR-ESI-MS dereplication process to discover new bioactive molecules.Chemical investigation of a part of these large-scale fermentation candidates led to the isolation of 13 major metabolites (1–13), and all isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells. As a result, strigaibol C (1), trichoguizaibol J (2), beauvericin (3), and sclerotioramine (13) showed strong inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 0.99, 0.68, 4.25, and 21.8 μM, respectively.

Objective: Previous studies have reported an association between cancer-related symptoms and perceived social support (PSS). The objective of this study was to analyze whether Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN), a prevalent side effect of chemotherapy, varies according to PSS level using a validated tool for CIPN at prospective follow-up. Methods: A total of 39 breast cancer patients were evaluated for PSS using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) prior to chemotherapy and were subsequently grouped into one of two categories for each subscale: low-to-moderate PSS and high PSS. CIPN was prospectively evaluated using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy 20 (CIPN20) at five time points. A linear mixed-effects model with square root transformation was employed to investigate whether the CIPN20 scales varied by PSS level and time point. Results: Statistical analysis of the MSPSS total scale and subscales revealed a significant effect of the friends subscale group and time point on the CIPN20 sensory scale. The sensory scale score of CIPN20 was found to be lower in participants with high PSS from friends in comparison to those with low-to-moderate PSS at 1 month post-chemotherapy (p=0.010). Conclusion This is the first study to prospectively follow the long-term effect of pre-treatment PSS from friends on CIPN. Further studies based on larger samples are required to analyze the effects of PSS on the pathophysiology of CIPN.

This study explores the development, roles, and key initiatives of the Regional Environmental Health Centers in Korea, detailing their evolution through four distinct phases and their impact on environmental health policy and local governance. It chronicles the establishment and transformation of these centers from their inception in May 2007, through four developmental stages. Originally named Environmental Disease Research Centers, they were subsequently renamed Environmental Health Centers following legislative changes. The analysis includes the expansion in the number of centers, the transfer of responsibilities to local governments, and the launch of significant projects such as the Korean Children’s Environmental Health Study (Ko-CHENS ). During the initial phase (May 2007–February 2009), the 10 centers concentrated on research-driven activities, shifting from a media-centered to a receptor-centered approach. In the second phase, prompted by the enactment of the Environmental Health Act, six additional centers were established, broadening their scope to address national environmental health issues. The third phase introduced Ko-CHENS, a 20-year national cohort project designed to influence environmental health policy by integrating research findings into policy frameworks. The fourth phase marked a decentralization of authority, empowering local governments and redefining the centers' roles to focus on regional environmental health challenges. The Regional Environmental Health Centers have significantly evolved and now play a crucial role in addressing local environmental health issues and supporting local government policies. Their capacity to adapt and respond to region-specific challenges is essential for the effective implementation of environmental health policies, reflecting geographical, socioeconomic, and demographic differences.

Background/Aims: Adiponectin, a hormone primarily produced by adipocytes, typically shows an inverse relationship with body mass index (BMI). However, some studies have reported a positive correlation between the two. Thus, this study aimed to examine the relationship between adiponectin level and BMI in diabetic patients, focusing on the impact of past obesity on current adiponectin levels. Methods: We conducted an observational study analyzing data from 323 diabetic patients at Kyungpook National University Hospital. Based on past and current BMIs, participants were categorized into never-obese (nn, n = 106), previously obese (on, n = 43), and persistently obese (oo, n = 73) groups based on a BMI threshold of 25 kg/m2. Adiponectin level and BMI were key variables. Kaplan–Meier analysis assessed their impact on all-cause mortality up to August 2023, with survival differences based on adiponectin quartiles and follow-up starting from patient enrollment (2010–2015). Results: The analysis revealed a significant inverse correlation between adiponectin level and past maximum BMI. The on group exhibited approximately 10% lower adiponectin levels compared to the nn group. This association remained significant after adjusting for current BMI, age, and sex, highlighting the lasting influence of previous obesity on adiponectin levels. Furthermore, survival analysis indicated that patients in the lowest adiponectin quartile had reduced survival, with a statistically significant trend (p = 0.062). Conclusions Findings of this study suggest that lower adiponectin levels, potentially reflecting past obesity, are associated with decreased survival in diabetic patients, underscoring a critical role of adiponectin in long-term health outcomes.

Purpose: This study assessed the reproducibility and clinical value of the vascular index (VI), derived from superb microvascular imaging (SMI) using Doppler ultrasonography, for evaluating renal function in transplanted kidneys. Methods: This retrospective study included 63 renal transplant patients who underwent grayscale and Doppler ultrasonography with SMI from January 2022 to February 2023. The VI of the transplanted kidneys was measured using three methods (VI_box, VI_F1, VI_F2). The VI was compared across chronic kidney disease (CKD) groups categorized by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD risk groups based on eGFR and albuminuria. The correlation between VI and renal function was evaluated. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to identify predictors of eGFR. Results: Significant differences in VI were observed among CKD groups based on eGFR (VI_box, P=0.001; VI_F1, P<0.001; VI_F2, P<0.001) and KDIGO CKD groups based on eGFR and albuminuria (VI_box, P=0.039; VI_F1, P=0.001; VI_F2, P<0.001). VI_F1 and VI_F2 demonstrated moderate/high correlations with eGFR (r=0.627, P<0.001 and r=0.657, P<0.001, respectively) and serum creatinine (r=-0.626, P<0.001 and r=-0.649, P<0.001, respectively). VI_box moderately correlated with eGFR (r=0.445, P<0.001). Multivariate regression identified the urine albumincreatinine ratio (ACR) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.122; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.007 to, 0.000; P=0.030) and VI_F2 (aOR, 1.114; 95% CI, 0.466 to 1.235; P<0.001) were independently associated with eGFR. Conclusion The VI measured by drawing a region of interest along the border of the transplanted kidney in SMI (VI_F2) is highly reproducible and correlates well with eGFR. Both VI_F2 and ACR independently predict eGFR.

Obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA) syndrome is a rare Müllerian duct anomaly, commonly characterized by uterus didelphys, obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. While these are the three most common genitourinary anomalies in OHVIRA syndrome, a spectrum of urogenital anomalies can be present. Knowledge of this spectrum is crucial for proper patient management and treatment planning. In this case series, we report on five patients with OHVIRA syndrome, each presenting with a urogenital anomaly other than the typical renal agenesis or uterus didelphys. We highlight the gynecological complications encountered, which clinicians and radiologists should be aware of.

Purpose: Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for CLDN18.2-expressing gastric cancer (GC). We sought to examine the heterogeneity of CLDN18.2 expression between primary GC (PGC) and metastatic GC (MGC) using various scoring methods. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 102 patients with pathologically confirmed paired primary and metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas. CLDN18.2 expression was evaluated through immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples. We assessed CLDN18.2 positivity using multiple scoring approaches, including the immunoreactivity score, H-score, and the percentage of tumor cells showing moderate-to-strong staining intensity. We analyzed the concordance rates between PGC and MGC and the association of CLDN18.2 positivity with clinicopathological features. Results: CLDN18.2 positivity varied from 25% to 65% depending on the scoring method, with PGC consistently showing higher expression levels than MGC. Intratumoral heterogeneity was noted in 25.5% of PGCs and 19.6% of MGCs. Intertumoral heterogeneity, manifesting as discordance in CLDN18.2 positivity between PGC and MGC, was observed in about 20% of cases, with moderate agreement across scoring methods (κ=0.47 to 0.60).In PGC, higher CLDN18.2 positivity correlated with synchronous metastasis, presence of peritoneal metastasis, poorly differentiated grade, and biopsy specimens. In MGC, positivity was associated with synchronous metastasis, presence of peritoneal metastasis, and metastatic peritoneal tissues. Conclusions CLDN18.2 expression demonstrates significant heterogeneity between PGC and MGC, with a 20% discordance rate. Comprehensive tissue sampling and reassessment of CLDN18.2 status are crucial, especially before initiating CLDN18.2-targeted therapies.