Objective: This study aimed to find out the concordance between prescription and performance of neuropsychological tests inadults aged 90 and older. Methods: We analyzed 270 prescriptions of patients aged 90 and older from a single hospital between 2019 and 2025, retrospectively. Prescriptions included Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery-Second Edition (SNSB-II), Literacy Independent Cognitive Assessment (LICA), and Korean version of the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB-K). Administration outcomes wereclassified as concordant (as prescribed), substituted (to different battery administered), simplified (just screening test and clinicalinterview), or cancelled (not administered). Floor and ceiling effects were assessed in subtests and subscales of all tests. Results: Overall concordance rate was 52.2%. SNSB-II showed the lowest concordance (33.8%) and LICA demonstrated higher concordance (72.3%). SIB-K showed complete concordance (100%). SNSB-II completers had higher education levels thanLICA and SIB-K completers. Among subsets of SNSB-II, seven showed floor effects and three showed ceiling effects. LICA had floor effects in five and ceiling effect in one. In SIB-K, one showed floor effect and six showed ceiling effects. Conclusion LICA demonstrated good feasibility in this age group. These findings provide evidence for age-appropriate as-sessment protocols.

Purpose: Laryngomalacia exhibits diverse morphological patterns, severities, and comorbidities. Defining clinical phenotypes could improve management and prognosis. This study aimed to identify and characterize phenotypes using cluster analysis and to evaluate prognostic factors. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of 195 children diagnosed with laryngomalacia between 2014 and 2023 using flexible laryngoscopy or bronchoscopy. Demographics, endoscopic findings, comorbidities, and outcomes up to 1 year of age were collected. Hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted using 10 clinical variables. Results: Four phenotypes emerged: cluster 1 (n= 75, 38.5%), Groningen Laryngomalacia Classification System (GLCS) type 1 dominant-mild; cluster 2 (n= 35, 17.9%), GLCS type 2 dominant-mild; cluster 3 (n= 40, 20.5%), severe with multiple comorbidities; and cluster 4 (n = 45, 23.1%), GLCS combined-type moderate. Distinct clinical courses were observed. Cluster 3 showed the highest rates of surgical intervention (32.5%, P < 0.001), pediatric intensive care unit admission (17.5%, P = 0.016), and Emergency Department (ED) visits (60.0%, P= 0.013) for respiratory problems during the first year. When stratified by comorbidities, children with multiple comorbidities, particularly those with major feeding problems had a higher risk of hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.65;95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–6.33) and ED visits (aOR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.39–7.23), even after adjusting for sex and severity. Conclusion Four clinically meaningful phenotypes of laryngomalacia were identified from the cluster analysis based on morphology, comorbidities, and disease severity. Children with multiple comorbidities accompanied by feeding problems had the greatest risk of hospitalization and ED visits for respiratory problems within the first year, even after adjusting for the severity of laryngomalacia.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dietary supplement use is common among breast cancer survivors, but studies on Asian populations remain limited. This study investigated dietary supplement use among Korean breast cancer survivors, distinguishing between vitamin/ mineral (VM) and non-vitaminon-mineral (NVNM) supplements. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 1,136 stage I–III breast cancer survivors from 12 Korean hospitals, who survived more than 6 mon post-surgery. The participants completed a questionnaire on post-diagnostic dietary supplement use. Stepwise logistic regression was applied, calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to identify the demographic and clinical factors associated with VM and NVNM use. RESULTS: Seventy percent of survivors reported supplement use, with 25% using a single product. The most common VM supplements were multivitamins/minerals, vitamin D, and vitamin C, while the most common NVNM supplements included omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, and ginseng. Survivors with higher education and greater physical activity were more likely to use VM supplements (ORs [95% CIs], 2.74 [1.76–4.25] for college graduates or above vs. middle school or below; 1.38 [1.02–1.88] for the most active group vs. the least active group). NVNM use was associated with higher education, greater physical activity levels, and a history of smoking (ORs [95% CIs], 2.29 [1.46–3.58] for college graduates or above vs. middle school or below; 1.52 [1.13–2.06] for the most active group vs. the least active group; 2.00 [1.23–3.25] for ever smokers vs. never smokers). Survivors who had undergone chemotherapy were also more likely to use NVNM supplements than those who had not (OR [95% CI], 1.37 [1.02–1.84]). CONCLUSION Seventy percent of Korean breast cancer survivors used dietary supplements in this study. VM use was associated with higher education and physical activity, while higher NVNM use was associated with higher education, greater physical activity, a history of smoking, and chemotherapy.

Purpose: To report the clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of dematiaceous fungal keratitis initially misdiagnosed as a corneal foreign body.Case summary: A 51-year-old woman with a history of corneal opacity and recurrent ocular irritation presented with aggravated pain and a brown lesion in the right eye. A well-demarcated, elevated brown lesion located at the central cornea, corneal infiltration and epithelial defects were observed by slit-lamp examination. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography demonstrated posterior signal attenuation behind the brown lesion, with intact anterior chamber. Following removal of the lesion, fungal culture and potassium hydroxide (KOH) smear examination were performed. Yeast-like organisms exhibiting both hyphal and pseudohyphal forms were observed on KOH smear. For accurate identification of the fungus, molecular analysis using DNA sequencing was performed, confirming Cladophialophora boppii. After treatment with topical amphotericin B and oral itraconazole, corneal infiltration and clinical symptoms gradually improved. No recurrence was observed after discontinuation of antifungal therapy. Conclusions The patient presenting with a brown corneal lesion initially misdiagnosed as a corneal foreign body was diagnosed with dematiaceous fungal keratitis through microbiological culture and was successfully treated with antifungal agents.

Objectives: This study investigated differences in dietary habits, lifestyle patterns, and feeding- related developmental issues among Korean preschool children based on their parents’ levels of growth concern, and examined the associations between parental growth concern and children’s eating behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with parents of children aged 1–5 years residing in Gyeonggi Province, Korea. Participants were classified into high, moderate, and low growth concern groups using the children’s dietary screening test. Data were collected on the children’s anthropometric status, lifestyle routines, dietary intake patterns, eating behaviors, and mealtime media exposure. Results: Children in the high growth concern group showed a higher prevalence of underweight; irregular sleep and mealtime routines; and more frequent eating difficulties, including picky eating, slow eating, and oral processing problems. Mealtime media exposure was associated with lower fruit and vegetable intake and higher consumption of processed and sugar-rich foods. Higher parental growth concern did not correlate with healthier dietary or lifestyle outcomes. Conclusion Preschool children’s dietary behaviors and routines differed according to the parents’ levels of growth concern. Higher levels of parental concern were associated with increased feeding difficulties and greater mealtime media exposure. These findings suggest that excessive concern may contribute to maladaptive eating patterns in children. Evidence- based parental guidance and structured nutrition education are essential to promote healthy growth and eating behaviors during early childhood.

Purpose: This study aimed to provide an in-depth understanding of the college life experiences of nursing students who are North Korean defectors. Methods: A qualitative research design employing thematic analysis was utilized. The data were collected in November 2024 through in-depth, one-on-one interviews with the nine participants. Results: Six themes and 19 sub-themes were identified. The six themes were (1) recognition of the value of nursing through personal experiences; (2) the ongoing journey of academic challenges and adaptation; (3) the will to rise above challenges in life; (4) ambivalent emotions between belonging and isolation; (5) a spirit of giving rather than receiving; and (6) gratitude for irreplaceable freedom. Conclusion This study revealed the perceptions of and academic challenges faced by nursing students who are North Korean defectors. Despite their hardships, they expressed gratitude for their freedom and maintained hopes for a brighter future. These findings are expected to serve as a foundation for developing targeted strategies to provide the necessary support for this population in the future.

Purpose: This study was conducted to update the practice guidelines for intravenous infusion therapy published in 2017, focusing on the most recent evidence for peripheral intravenous infusion therapy. Methods: The guideline update was conducted using the 22-step methodology. Results: The updated guidelines consist of 17 domains and 235 recommendations (including 284 sub-recommendations). The domains are as follows: general instructions (5 items), peripheral catheter selection (7), catheter insertion site selection (11), management during peripheral catheter insertion (10), post-insertion management (30), perfusion and locking (17), blood sampling via peripheral catheters(6), exchange and removal of peripheral catheters (6), infusion set management (14), add-on devices (32), complications (25), chemotherapy infusions (10), PCA infusions (7), parenteral nutrition (20), transfusion therapy (23), education (5), and documentation and reporting (7). The evidence levels for these recommendations are as follows: 27(9.5%) at level I, 3 (1.1%) at level I A/P, 118 (41.5%) at level II, and 136 (47.9%) at level III.Recommendation grades are categorized as follows: 30 (10.6%) at level A, 118 (41.5%) at level B, and 136(47.9%) at level C. Of these, 73 (25.7%) recommendations were newly developed, 49 (17.3%) underwent major revisions, and 147 (51.7%) underwent minor revisions. Conclusion The updated practice guideline, based on the latest evidence, is anticipated to enhance nursing practice related to peripheral intravenous infusion therapy.

Objectives: Maternal depression negatively affects depression and anxiety symptoms in the offspring. This study examined the association between maternal depression and their adolescent offspring depression and anxiety, as well as the mediating role of emotional trauma in determining the association. Methods: Participants were 237 mothers (46.08±5.00 years) and their adolescent offspring (16.54±1.51 years). The participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children, and the Screen for Children’s Anxiety Related Disorders. The mediating effect of emotional trauma on offspring was explored using mediation analysis. Results: Maternal depressive symptoms were significantly correlated with adolescent offspring traumatic experiences, as well as with their depressive and anxiety symptoms. Mediation analysis results showed that emotional trauma of offspring significantly mediated the effect of maternal depression on their depressive and anxiety symptoms. Conclusion Findings indicate that maternal depression was significantly associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescent offspring, mediated by their emotional trauma. Future research is needed to investigate pathways and intervention strategies to prevent the intergenerational transmission of emotional problems.