PURPOSE: We report the clinical manifestations of dry eye syndrome after cataract surgery involving meibomian gland structure, meibomian gland function, and tear lipid layer analysis. METHODS: The clinical manifestations of dry eye syndrome were retrospectively evaluated in 34 eyes of 31 patients who underwent cataract surgery from September to November 2017. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear break-up time (tBUT), Oxford stain score, presence or absence of blepharitis, and meibomian gland expression were measured preoperatively and at 1 week, 1 month, and 2 months postoperatively. Lipid layer thickness (LLT), partial blinks, and meibomian gland images were measured using LipiView® (TearScience, Morrisville, NC, USA), an interferometric eye surface measuring device. RESULTS: The postoperative OSDI was significantly higher than preoperative OSDI (17.09 ± 1.81): 22.76 ± 1.99 at 1 week, 23.12 ± 1.91 at 1 month, and 22.68 ± 1.92 at 2 months (p < 0.05). The postoperative tBUT was significantly lower than preoperative tBUT (5.07 ± 0.39): 3.99 ± 0.31 at 1 week, 3.49 ± 0.27 at 1 month, and 4.72 ± 0.39 at 2 months (p < 0.05). The Oxford staining score increased after surgery, but the difference was not statistically significant. Postoperative meibomian gland expression was significantly lower preoperative values (4.9 ± 2.8): 4.4 ± 2.8 at 1 month, and 3.9 ± 2.8 at 2 months (p < 0.05). The LLT decreased at 1 month postoperatively and increased at 2 months postoperatively, but these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Cataract surgery resulted in a short-term meibomian gland dysfunction, leading to deterioration of dry eye after cataract surgery. However, we could not confirm structural changes in the meibomian gland, so it will be necessary to observe the clinical features of dry eye syndrome over a longer period of time.
Blepharitis ; Cataract ; Dry Eye Syndromes ; Humans ; Meibomian Glands ; Retrospective Studies ; Tears

No abstract available.
Masseter Muscle*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine and share experiences of male nurses who have been rejected during their nursing practice by their patients. METHODS: The participants were 12 male nurses who have worked in several hospitals. Data were collected through personalized in-depth interviews. Collected data were analyzed with the content analysis method. RESULTS: The results can be categorized into three main themes. 1. Rejection based on gender stereotypes of nurses' roles. 2. Nurses' reactions when nursing was rejected 3. Reestablishing the role as a nurse. The results of this study showed that male nurses were struggling to maintain their own positions as professional nurses. They were refused by their patients and they experienced a lack of skill and knowledge in nursing practice. They were harmed physically and psychologically from being turned down, and sometimes they had serious conflicts with female nurses. Meanwhile, the male nurses tried to be faithful to their role as professional nurses. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show the following findings. 1. The male nurses' experiences where mostly ones of understanding and cooperation with patients' caregivers. 2. The need for public relations advertising and systematic support from the media. 3. The need for improving gender equality for nurses. 4. Strengthening male nursing students' endeavors for sound nursing professionalism.
Caregivers ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Nurses, Male ; Nursing ; Professionalism ; Public Relations ; Qualitative Research

Mycosis fungoides (MF) represents the prototype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, which is defined as clonal expansion of skin-homing T lymphocytes. The natural history of MF is characterized by an indolent progression through patch, plaque, tumor, and visceral stages; however, this progression is not necessarily seen in all patients. Classically, the atypical lymphocytes in MF are CD3/CD4 positive with a loss of CD7. However, fewer than 5% of cases of MF present with a cytotoxic/suppressor CD8 positive phenotype, which presents with a variety of clinical features, including granulomatous, folliculotropic, poikilodermatous, hypopigmented, and hyperpigmented MF. Different immunophenotypic variants have been reported in MF but seem to lack any specific behavior and prognosis. Herein, we report a rare case of hyperpigmented MF with CD8 positive cells.
Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous ; Mycosis Fungoides* ; Natural History ; Phenotype ; Prognosis ; T-Lymphocytes

No abstract available.
Pilomatrixoma*

Papular elastorrhexis is a rare entity, possibly a form of connective tissue nevi, characterized by asymptomatic white papules on the trunk and extremities first appearing during childhood or adolescence. Histopathologically, the elastic fibers are decreased and may appear in thin and fragmented forms. This rare condition has clinical and histological findings that overlap with those of other connective tissue nevi, making diagnosis a challenge for dermatologists. Herein we report the case of a 27-year-old Korean female presenting with asymptomatic 2~5 mm sized whitish papules on both extremities and showing histopathologic findings of increased layers of collagen fibers and decreased and fragmented elastic fibers in the dermis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Dermis ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Elastic Tissue ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Nevus

No abstract available.
Lip* ; Xanthomatosis*

PURPOSE: A task force identified 4 core properties of motivation-related improvement and developed a medical volunteer program for 63 medical freshmen in 2012. Three overarching topics were examined: What were the contents of the program? Did students' motivation improve? Were the students satisfied with the course? Pretest and posttest motivation levels and program evaluation forms were analyzed. METHODS: We organized a series of committee meetings and identified 4 core factors of motivation. The program was conducted for 63 medical freshmen in March 2012. The program evaluation form was analyzed using SPSS 17.0. RESULTS: The core factors of motivation were interest in medical studies, volunteer-mindedness, medical humanities, and self-management. The program was composed of lectures, medical volunteer hours, and program evaluation and feedback sessions. Students' motivation differed significantly with regard to interest in medical studies (t=-2.40, p=0.020) and volunteer-mindedness (t=-3.45, p=0.001). Ninety percent of students were satisfied with the program, 67.8% of students were satisfied with the medical volunteer activity, and the feedback session of the program was meaningful (66.1%). CONCLUSION: The medical volunteer program, held in the first month of the medical education year, was meaningful, but the reasons for dissatisfaction with the program should be examined. We should also develop a system that has lasting beneficial effects on academic achievement and career selection.
Achievement ; Advisory Committees ; Education, Medical ; Humanities ; Humans ; Lectures ; Motivation ; Program Evaluation ; Self Care ; Students, Medical

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship of improvement in erectile function (EF) with improvement in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and to assess the contribution of tamsulosin dose to the improvement of EF apart from the indirect influence of LUTS improvement in men with LUTS and erectile dysfunction (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients received tamsulosin 0.2 mg/d for the first 4 weeks and were subsequently divided into two groups by patient-reported outcomes. Nonescalators were maintained starting dose and escalators increased to 0.4 mg for the remaining 8 weeks. International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5), and underwent uroflowmetry were evaluated at baseline, and weeks 4 and 12. RESULTS: LUTS parameters were significantly improved in both groups but insignificant between the 2 groups. The degree of the improvement in the total IPSS and in the voiding, storage, and quality of life (QoL) subscores were significantly correlated with the degree of the improvement in EF; this was especially prominent in patients successfully treated LUTS. The escalators experienced a significantly greater increase in IIEF-5 scores than did the nonescalators (3.3 vs. 1.5). CONCLUSIONS: Dose escalation provided similar LUTS improvement in patients with refractory to starting dose. The improvements of LUTS were correlated with the improvement of EF. The increase in the IIEF-5 score was significantly higher in escalators. These findings imply that tamsulosin may contribute to the improvement in EF through the improvement of LUTS and QoL and direct relaxation of the corpus cavernosum in a dose-dependent fashion.
Elevators and Escalators ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Quality of Life ; Relaxation ; Sulfonamides

This study investigated effect of extract containing quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside from Rumex Aquaticus Herba (ECQ) against chronic gastritis in rats. To produce chronic gastritis, the animals received a daily intra-gastric administration of 0.1 ml of 0.15% iodoacetamide (IA) solution for 7 days. Daily exposure of the gastric mucosa to IA induced both gastric lesions and significant reductions of body weight and food and water intake. These reductions recovered with treatment with ECQ for 7 days. ECQ significantly inhibited the elevation of the malondialdehyde levels and myeloperoxidase activity, which were used as indices of lipid peroxidation and neutrophil infiltration. ECQ recovered the level of glutathione, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and expression of SOD-2. The increased levels of total NO concentration and iNOS expression in the IA-induced chronic gastritis were significantly reduced by treatment with ECQ. These results suggest that the ECQ has a therapeutic effect on chronic gastritis in rats by inhibitory actions on neutrophil infiltration, lipid peroxidation and various steps of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Drinking ; Gastric Mucosa ; Gastritis* ; Glutathione ; Iodoacetamide* ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Malondialdehyde ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Peroxidase ; Quercetin* ; Rats* ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Rumex ; Superoxide Dismutase