Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Folate Receptor 1/metabolism* ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry/standards* ; Consensus ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism* ; Fallopian Tube Neoplasms/pathology*

Microsatellite instability (MSI) which resulted from the deficiency of DNA mismatch repair (MMR), is an important clinical significance in the related solid tumors, such as colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer. There are several methods to detect MSI status, including immunohistochemistry for MMR protein, multiplex fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for microsatellite site and MSI algorithm based on next generation sequencing (NGS). The consensus elaborates the definition and clinical significance of MSI as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the three detection methods. Through this expert consensus, we hope to promote the screening which based on MSI status in malignant tumors and improve the acknowledge of clinicians about various testing methods. Thereby, they could interpret the results more accurately and provide better clinical services to patients.
Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; China ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Consensus ; DNA Mismatch Repair ; DNA Sequence, Unstable ; Delivery of Health Care ; standards ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microsatellite Instability ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

OBJECTIVE: To investigate paraffin section thickness in immunohistochemical detection of p16 expression in cervical tissue samples. METHODS: p16 immunohistochemical staining was performed in 150 cases of chronic cervicitis, 126 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions(LSIL), 96 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and 78 cases of cervical cancer from January 2014 to March 2018 in Zhongshan Boai Hospital. The results of p16 protein expression in paraffin sections with thickness of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 μm were compared using Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: With the increase of slice thickness, the staining of p16 protein in nucleus gradually increased. The thickness of cervical slices in chronic cervicitis and cervical cancer samples had no significant effect on the positive rate of p16 protein(=7.817 and 1.332, both >0.05), while the thickness of slices in LSIL and HSIL samples had significant effect on the positive rate of p16 protein (=17.688 and 10.182, <0.05 or <0.01). The stable and reliable results were obtained when the slices were between 3 and 5 μm thick. CONCLUSIONS Paraffin sections with thickness of 3.0-5.0 μm are recommended for immnohistochemical staining of p16 protein in cervical tissue samples.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Histocytological Preparation Techniques ; standards ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Paraffin ; Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the anti-cancer effects of crude extract from Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc and its possible molecular mechanisms in vitro and in vivo.

METHODSTransonic alcohol-chloroform extraction method was used to extract toosendanin from the bark of Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc, and the content of toosendanin in the crude extract was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Anti-cancer effects of crude extract from Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc were investigated in in vivo and in vitro studies. In the in vitro experiment, human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines SMMC-7721 and Hep3B were co-incubated with toosendanin crude extract of different concentrations, respectively. In the in vivo experiment, BALB/c mice were subcutaneously inoculated with mouse hepatocellular carcinoma H22 cells and treated with crude extract.

RESULTSHPLC revealed the content of toosendanin was about 15%. Crude extract from Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc inhibited cancer cells growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50, 72 h) was 0.6 mg/L for SMMC-7721 cells and 0.8 mg/L for Hep3B cells. Both high-dose [0.69 mg/(kg d)] and low-dose [0.138 mg/(kg d)] crude extract could markedly suppress cancer growth, and the inhibition rate was greater than 50%. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed necrotic area in cancers and transmission electron microscopy displayed necrotic and apoptotic cancer cells with apoptotic bodies. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of Bax and Fas increased and the expression of Bcl-2 reduced.

CONCLUSIONSToosendanin extract has potent anti-cancer effects via suppressing proliferation and inducing apoptosis of cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism of apoptosis involves in mitochondrial pathway and death receptor pathway.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Melia ; chemistry ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use ; Reference Standards ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism ; fas Receptor ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo retrospectively evaluate the HER2 status of 1 501 invasive breast cancer (IBC) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescent in situ hybridizaion (FISH), and to compare and analyze the changes and their effects, using the 2007 and 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologist(ASCO/CAP) HER2 testing guidelines.

METHODSTissue handling and HER2 testing were performed according the 2007 ASCO/CAP guideline recommendations. The HER2 status of all newly diagnosed IBC were routinely assessed by IHC, and reflex FISH assay was done on all the IHC equivocal (IHC 2+) cases. The HER2 status of 1 501 cases of IBC was re-evaluated according to these two criteria.

RESULTSUsing the 2007 and 2013 ASCO/CAP criteria, the overall positive, equivocal and negative rates of HER2 over-expression and/or amplification in the 1 501 IBCs were 23.05% and 23.52%, 11.59% and 12.52%, and 65.36% and 63.96%, respectively. The positive and equivocal rates increased by 0.47% and 0.93% respectively, but the negative rate decreased by 1.40% when using the new criteria. For HER2 IHC staining using the 2007 and 2013 guidelines, the positive, equivocal and negative rates were 17.99% and 18.13% (+0.13%), 32.51% and 32.91% (+0.40%) and 49.50% and 48, 97% (-0.53%), respectively. FISH for HER2 amplification was done in 348 of the 1 501 IBCs, and using the 2007 and 2013 guidelines, the positive, equivocal and negative rates were 27.59% and 29.02% (+1.43%), 1.15% and 3.74% (+2.59%) and 71.26% and 67.24% (-4.02%), respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe application of 2013 ASCO/CAP guideline could lead to an increase in positive and equivocal rates, and a decrease in negative rate. The influence could be more prominent for the evaluation of FISH result, and would raise the positive and equivocal rates since a mean HER2 copy number is used in the new criteria. Our re-estimation of IHC result was concordant with the prediction of the guideline.

Breast Neoplasms ; chemistry ; Female ; Guideline Adherence ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Medical Oncology ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Societies, Medical ; standards

OBJECTIVETo compare the results of pathological diagnosis of 41 patients with malignant mesothelioma between Chinese and Japanese experts, and to provide a basis for the standard for diagnosis of mesothelioma.

METHODSThe medical information and tissue samples of 41 patients with malignant mesothelioma were collected in a hospital in Zhejiang Province from 2003 to 2010. The expression levels of calretinin, Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1), podoplanin (D2-40), cytokeratins (CK5/6, AE1/AE3, and CAM5.2), epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, BerEP4, MOC31, thyroid transcription factor-1, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor in tumor tissues were measured using immunohistochemical staining by Japanese experts, and the pathological classification and diagnosis were made. The results of diagnosis, pathological classification, immunohistochemical marker selection, and slide review were compared between Chinese and Japanese experts.

RESULTSTwenty-nine (70.7%) cases were diagnosed as mesothelioma by Japanese experts, among whom 12 (41.4%) cases were pleura mesothelioma, and 17 (58.6%) cases were peritoneal mesothelioma. Ten (24.4%) cases were confirmed without mesothelioma, and 2 (4.9%) cases were not confirmed due to insufficient information. Thirty-two (78.0%) cases were diagnosed as mesothelioma by Chinese experts, among whom 8 (25.0%) cases were pleura mesothelioma, and 24 (75.0%) cases were peritoneal mesothelioma. One (2.4%) case was confirmed without mesothelioma, and 8 (19.5%) cases were not confirmed. There were significant differences in the results of diagnosis between Chinese and Japanese experts. However, their pathological classifications of mesothelioma were similar. Significant differences in immunohistochemical marker selection and slide review were also found between Chinese and Japanese experts.

CONCLUSIONThe diagnostic skills of those pathological experts in this hospital remain to be further improved for mesothelioma diagnosis. A panel of immunohistochemical markers including at least 2 mesothelioma-positive and 2 mesothelioma-negative markers are recommended for the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma.

Antigens, Neoplasm ; Biomarkers ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; China ; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures ; standards ; Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Japan ; Lung Neoplasms ; classification ; diagnosis ; Mesothelioma ; classification ; diagnosis ; Observer Variation

Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Centromere ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; genetics ; Early Detection of Cancer ; methods ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Dosage ; Genes, erbB-2 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; standards ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics

Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures ; standards ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma ; classification ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Pathology ; education ; standards ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Reference Standards

Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Coloring Agents ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma ; pathology ; Pathology ; standards ; Pathology, Molecular ; Staining and Labeling

Autopsy ; China ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pathology ; manpower ; organization & administration ; standards ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Quality Control