A cerebriform connective tissue nevus (CCTN) is a key diagnostic feature of Proteus syndrome (PS), a rare genetic disorder characterized by the abnormal growth of bones, skin, adipose tissue, and other tissues. A plantar CCTN often causes difficulties with shoe fitting and walking. This paper presents a case of PS and the outcomes of debulking surgery for a plantar lesion. A 54-year-old male presented with a large plantar mass on his left foot, which caused problems with shoe fitting. The lesion developed during childhood and progressively worsened into adulthood. A physical examination revealed a typical CCTN with deep grooves and gyrations on the left plantar surface. The patient sought surgery due to difficulty in wearing shoes. Considering the postoperative complications associated with total excision and the potential risks associated with PS, including perioperative morbidities and anesthesia-related challenges, debulking surgery was chosen to reduce the lesion rather than perform a total excision. Staged excisions were performed three times under local anesthesia, with redundant tissue removed, and the wound was primarily closed after each procedure. At the one-year follow-up after the final procedure, the patient could comfortably wear ready-made shoes and exhibited an improved standing posture and reduced walking impairment. Therefore, debulking surgery for a large plantar CCTN can be an alternative to total excision.