Dysphagia is a critical clinical condition requiring rehabilitation to prevent complications, including malnutrition and aspiration pneumonia. Telerehabilitation allows patients to receive appropriate rehabilitation at home, regardless of location and time, and reducing costs, presenting a viable alternative to traditional face-to-face intervention.This paper reviews current evidence on telerehabilitation for dysphagia management, focusing on the paradigm shift from evaluation to therapeutic intervention. The review showed that telerehabilitation research has focused mainly on establishing the validity and reliability of remote swallowing evaluations, while studies on therapeutic interventions remain insufficient. Nevertheless, emerging evidence suggests that telerehabilitation can effectively improve swallowing function through therapeutic interventions. Future research should prioritize high-quality randomized controlled trials, compliance-enhancing strategies, standardized telerehabilitation protocols, cost-effectiveness analyses, and specialized training programs for therapists.

Rothia spp. are aerobic, gram-positive cocci belonging to the family Micrococcaceae, and are a part of the normal microbial flora of the human oropharynx and upper respiratory tract. We present the first case of the prosthetic valve endocarditis with cerebral hemorrhage caused by Rothia mucilaginosa in South Korea. A 65-year-old man with a prosthetic aortic valve visited the outpatient clinic with a complaint of fever. R. mucilaginosa was identified in one among four sets of blood culture bottles obtained on the on day 30 of fever onset. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple micro-hemorrhages suggesting septic emboli in both the hemispheres, corticomedullary junctions, and cerebellum. Rothia spp. should be considered as a possible pathogen in the cases of infective endocarditis with intracranial hemorrhage.