Conventional size-based criteria have limitations in accurately assessing neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) response in soft tissue sarcomas (STS). This systematic review evaluated the association between dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) parameters and histopathology-based response to NAT in STS and summarized which DCE-MRI parameters show the most consistent associations across diverse clinical contexts. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted to identify studies evaluating treatment response to NAT in STS using DCE-MRI. Thirteen studies comprising 234 patients were included. Quantitative DCE-MRI parameters, particularly Ktrans , showed a strong predictive performance for treatment response and demonstrated high discriminatory ability in several cohorts during both early and late post-treatment phases. Related measures such as ΔKtrans , Kep, and Ve also correlated significantly with histopathologic necrosis. Semi-quantitative markers, including the integrated area under the curve in the first 60 seconds after injection (iAUC60), wash-in rate, and time-to-peak, showed consistent associations with tumor perfusion and hypoxia. Qualitative features, including time–intensity curve patterns, effectively differentiated responders from non-responders, with type II curves most strongly associated with favorable outcomes. In conclusion, DCE-MRI, particularly quantitative pharmacokinetic parameters such as Ktrans , shows promise for assessing treatment response in STS and demonstrates generally concordant associations with histopathology-based response. However, protocol and endpoint heterogeneity and small cohort sizes limit the ability to establish definitive cutoffs and reduce generalizability, highlighting the need for standardized prospective validation.

Background: Despite the critical importance of sleep medicine within neurology, notable gaps in education and clinical practice persist among neurologists. This study aims to explore the extent of involvement and the challenges faced by Korean neurologists in sleep medicine, focusing on awareness of polysomnography training program, the operation of sleep study facilities, and educational exposure. Methods: An online survey collected responses from 233 neurologists, focusing on their demographics, knowledge of and involvement in sleep medicine, operation of sleep study facilities, and participation in residency training. Results: The findings indicated that 84.9% of neurologists were aware of polysomnography training program, primarily through professional societies. Nonetheless, 15.1% reported unfamiliarity with these initiatives, with 72.7% of this subgroup expressing interest in sleep medicine yet lacking access to information. In terms of clinical practice, 74 neurologists operated sleep study facilities, with 63% intending to expand. Key operational challenges included staff management, maintaining patient volumes, and inadequate institutional support. Among respondents from teaching hospitals, only 36 out of 114 reported active resident involvement in sleep study interpretations, predominantly hindered by excessive workloads and insufficient staffing. Conclusions A significant number of neurologists have an interest in sleep medicine; however, substantial challenges impede effective education and clinical practice. These results underscore the need for improved educational resources and institutional support to enhance the growth and effectiveness of sleep medicine practices among neurologists.

Background: Despite the critical importance of sleep medicine within neurology, notable gaps in education and clinical practice persist among neurologists. This study aims to explore the extent of involvement and the challenges faced by Korean neurologists in sleep medicine, focusing on awareness of polysomnography training program, the operation of sleep study facilities, and educational exposure. Methods: An online survey collected responses from 233 neurologists, focusing on their demographics, knowledge of and involvement in sleep medicine, operation of sleep study facilities, and participation in residency training. Results: The findings indicated that 84.9% of neurologists were aware of polysomnography training program, primarily through professional societies. Nonetheless, 15.1% reported unfamiliarity with these initiatives, with 72.7% of this subgroup expressing interest in sleep medicine yet lacking access to information. In terms of clinical practice, 74 neurologists operated sleep study facilities, with 63% intending to expand. Key operational challenges included staff management, maintaining patient volumes, and inadequate institutional support. Among respondents from teaching hospitals, only 36 out of 114 reported active resident involvement in sleep study interpretations, predominantly hindered by excessive workloads and insufficient staffing. Conclusions A significant number of neurologists have an interest in sleep medicine; however, substantial challenges impede effective education and clinical practice. These results underscore the need for improved educational resources and institutional support to enhance the growth and effectiveness of sleep medicine practices among neurologists.

Background: Despite the critical importance of sleep medicine within neurology, notable gaps in education and clinical practice persist among neurologists. This study aims to explore the extent of involvement and the challenges faced by Korean neurologists in sleep medicine, focusing on awareness of polysomnography training program, the operation of sleep study facilities, and educational exposure. Methods: An online survey collected responses from 233 neurologists, focusing on their demographics, knowledge of and involvement in sleep medicine, operation of sleep study facilities, and participation in residency training. Results: The findings indicated that 84.9% of neurologists were aware of polysomnography training program, primarily through professional societies. Nonetheless, 15.1% reported unfamiliarity with these initiatives, with 72.7% of this subgroup expressing interest in sleep medicine yet lacking access to information. In terms of clinical practice, 74 neurologists operated sleep study facilities, with 63% intending to expand. Key operational challenges included staff management, maintaining patient volumes, and inadequate institutional support. Among respondents from teaching hospitals, only 36 out of 114 reported active resident involvement in sleep study interpretations, predominantly hindered by excessive workloads and insufficient staffing. Conclusions A significant number of neurologists have an interest in sleep medicine; however, substantial challenges impede effective education and clinical practice. These results underscore the need for improved educational resources and institutional support to enhance the growth and effectiveness of sleep medicine practices among neurologists.

Purpose: This study was performed to identify risk factors associated with post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH)-related hospitalization in pediatric patients visiting an emergency department (ED). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent tonsillectomy at a single children’s hospital ED from January 2009 through December 2020. Data were collected on patient demographics, chief complaints, surgical methods, postoperative days, initial vital signs, and laboratory findings. The study population was divided into hospitalized and discharged groups. Results: Among a total of 2,716 patients reviewed, 67 met the inclusion criteria. The hospitalized group showed a lower median systolic blood pressure (108.0 [interquartile range, 82.0-134.0] vs. 118.5 [89.8-147.2] mmHg; P = 0.021) and a faster median respiratory rate (23.0 [18.0-28.0] vs. 20.0 [17.0-23.0] breaths/minute; P = 0.019), compared with the discharged group. Multivariable logistic regression identified systolic blood pressure under 100 mmHg (odds ratio, 5.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-37.60) and respiratory rate over 24 breaths/minute (7.31; 1.07-145.79) as the factors associated with PTH-related hospitalization. Conclusion When pediatric patients visit EDs for PTH, close monitoring or hospitalization may be needed in those with low systolic blood pressure or rapid respiratory rate.

Background: Neurology in Korea is a field of clinical practice and research that has been developing for over 30 years, but due to its relatively short history, public awareness is low compared to other clinical fields. The Korean Neurological Association conducted a survey to evaluate the Korean public’s awareness of neurology and the necessity of a name change. This study details the second survey conducted on the topic, with the first being conducted in 2013. The two surveys were compared to identify how the public’s awareness of neurology has improved since 2013 and determine how this can be improved. Methods: The survey was conducted by Gallup Korea, where 1,000 participants were randomly selected and interviewed through telephone surveys. Results: Of the 1,000 participants, 78.5% were familiar with Neurology, similar to the results of the 2013 survey. Meanwhile, when asked about neurological diseases, only 27.9% of the participants recognized neurological diseases correctly. The most accurately recognized symptoms related to Neurology were tremors (57.8%), strokes (55.5%), and dizziness (49.7%). In 2013, 61.7% of the participants thought a name change was necessary. In comparison, only 38.4% responded it needed to change in the recent survey. Conclusions The preference for Neurology’s current name in Korea has improved since 2013 despite no significant change in the public’s awareness of neurology. More active public relations activities are needed to improve awareness of neurology in the future.

Background: Neurology in Korea is a field of clinical practice and research that has been developing for over 30 years, but due to its relatively short history, public awareness is low compared to other clinical fields. The Korean Neurological Association conducted a survey to evaluate the Korean public’s awareness of neurology and the necessity of a name change. This study details the second survey conducted on the topic, with the first being conducted in 2013. The two surveys were compared to identify how the public’s awareness of neurology has improved since 2013 and determine how this can be improved. Methods: The survey was conducted by Gallup Korea, where 1,000 participants were randomly selected and interviewed through telephone surveys. Results: Of the 1,000 participants, 78.5% were familiar with Neurology, similar to the results of the 2013 survey. Meanwhile, when asked about neurological diseases, only 27.9% of the participants recognized neurological diseases correctly. The most accurately recognized symptoms related to Neurology were tremors (57.8%), strokes (55.5%), and dizziness (49.7%). In 2013, 61.7% of the participants thought a name change was necessary. In comparison, only 38.4% responded it needed to change in the recent survey. Conclusions The preference for Neurology’s current name in Korea has improved since 2013 despite no significant change in the public’s awareness of neurology. More active public relations activities are needed to improve awareness of neurology in the future.

Background/Aims: Although acute pulmonary embolism (PE) adversely impacts survival and should be treated regardless of cancer, the treatment rate of cancer-related PE is relatively low. We aimed to compare clinical characteristics and long term prognosis of PE in patients with or without cancer. Methods: From March 2010 to December 2013, patients with newly diagnosed PE were analyzed. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, cancer status and clinical manifestations of PE were recorded. We defined primary composite outcome as recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and death from PE. Results: Among a total of 976 patients with PE, the 703 (72.0%) had cancer-related PE. Cancer-related PE group was more frequently asymptomatic (54.5% vs. 13.2%, p < 0.001), less extensive (involvement of bilateral pulmonary arteries: 42.8% vs. 51.3%, p = 0.017; lung infarction: 5.3% vs. 10.3%, p = 0.005) and less likely to accompany right ventricular dysfunction (10.3% vs. 27.2%, p < 0.001) compared with the non-cancer PE group. Anticoagulation was less frequently underwent in patients with cancer-related PE than those without cancer (62.0% vs. 81.7%, p < 0.001). A composite of recurrent VTE and death from PE was significantly higher in the cancer-related PE group (14.4% vs. 6.6%, p = 0.001). Conclusions Although PE in cancer patients were seem to be less aggressive initially, compared to those without cancer, they had significantly poor prognosis. Given a high rate of recurrent VTE and relatively similar risk of anticoagulation associated bleeding events in cancer patients, more active treatment of PE is warranted in cancer patients.

Background: and PurposeThis study was designed to investigate differences in the final recommended pressure setting between that derived from an autotitrating continuous positive airway pressure (APAP) device and manual in-laboratory continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration, as well as the factors that influence pressure differences in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: This study enrolled 50 patients with OSA. All patients underwent both APAP titration and manual CPAP titration. We obtained the average device pressure ≤90% of the time (APAP90) from the downloaded manual for the APAP machine and the optimal pressure obtained by manual CPAP titration (CPAPmanual). We placed the subjects into three groups based on the pressure difference (ΔP) obtained by subtracting CPAPmanual from APAP90: 1) Prequal (ΔP=0), 2) CPAPmanual+ (ΔP ≤−1), and 3) APAP90+ (ΔP ≥1). Regression analysis was conducted to identify predictive factors associated with ΔP. Results: The values of APAP90 and CPAPmanual were 9.50±3.03 cmH2O and 9.48±2.71 cmH2O (mean±SD), respectively (p=0.95). The Prequal, CPAPmanual+, and APAP90+ groups comprised 9 (18%), 23 (46%), and 18 (36%) subjects, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that male sex [β=3.539, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.040–7.039], body mass index (BMI) (β=0.186, 95% CI=0.020–0.352), and average usage per day (β=0.768, 95% CI=0.077–1.459) were associated with ΔP. Conclusions While the mean pressure in the overall cohort did not differ significantly between APAP90 and CPAPmanual, there was a discordance majority showing different single pressures obtained when applying the two titration methods. Being Male, having an increased BMI, and having an increased average usage per day of APAP were significantly correlated with increased ΔP in this study.