Background: Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) complicates kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) in morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to predict PTDM risk in KTRs using machine learning and deep learning models. Methods: Data were obtained from the Korea Organ Transplantation Registry, a nationwide cohort study of KTRs. Four machine learning algorithms, including eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), CatBoost, light gradient boosting machine and logistic regression, and deep learning were implemented on 41 pretransplant and 31 posttransplant variables to predict PTDM. Model performance was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Results: Among 3,213 KTRs, 497 patients (15.5%) developed PTDM within 1 year. The PTDM group had higher age, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride level, and prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, and lower total cholesterol level at baseline than the No-PTDM group. The XGBoost model showed the highest AUC (0.738) and F1 score (0.42), and modest accuracy (0.86), while the CatBoost model exhibited the highest accuracy (0.87) and precision (0.79). Feature importance in XGBoost was highest for recipient age, followed by baseline BMI, triglyceride level at posttransplant 6 months, baseline glycated hemoglobin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, white blood cell (WBC) count and serum uric acid level at 6 months, baseline WBC count, and tacrolimus trough level at discharge. Conclusion The XGBoost model demonstrated the best performance for predicting PTDM within 1 year, offering an accurate tool for early identification and personalized care of high-risk KTRs for PTDM.

Mucinous borderline tumors (MBT) of the ovary with mild to moderately atypical epithelial cells that produce mucin rarely recur and very rarely become malignant after surgery. Due to their low malignant potential and large tumor size, most cases are diagnosed in stage I and have a good prognosis. The authors reported a case of MBT, which had been left untreated after diagnosis, progressed to stage IV, and caused massive pleural effusion (>3,000 mL) resulting in death. Grossly, severe abdominal swelling, a huge multiloculated cystic mass in the left ovary, and a metastatic mucinous mass in the pleura and peritoneum were observed. Histological findings include gastrointestinal type epithelial cells with mucin secretion, degenerative and autolytic nuclei, and occasional infiltration of inflammatory cells. Because sufficient sections cannot be made according to the clinical pathology criteria in forensic autopsy, efficient decisions are required during autopsy for diagnosis.

Purpose: Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) is gaining evidence as a predictive factor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is the standard treatment in early-stage NSCLC when a patient is unsuitable for surgery. We performed a study to assess the prognostic clinical significance of PET-CT after SABR in early-stage NSCLC. Materials and Methods: Seventy-six patients with stage I NSCLC treated with SABR were investigated. Total radiation dose ranged from 36 to 63 Gy in three to eight fractions depending on tumor location and size. Respiratory motion control was implemented at simulation and during treatment. PET-CT prior to SABR was performed in 66 patients (86.8%). Results: Median follow-up time was 32 months (range, 5 to 142 months). Local control rate at 1, 2, and 5 years were 95.9%, 92.8%, and 86.7%, respectively. Overall survival (OS) at 1, 2, and 5 years were 91.0%, 71.3%, and 52.1% respectively. Cause-specific survival at 1, 2, and 5 years were 98.6%, 93.1%, and 84.3% respectively. Tumor size and pre-SABR maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) demonstrated statistical significance in the Kaplan-Meier survival analyses with log-rank test. In multivariate analyses pre-SABR SUVmax remained statistically significant in correlation to OS (p=0.024; hazard ratio [HR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 8.8) and with marginal significance in regards to regional progression-free survival (p=0.059; HR, 32.5; 95% CI, 2.6 to 402.5). Conclusion Pre-SABR SUVmax demonstrated a predictive power in statistical analyses. Tumors with SUVmax above 6 at diagnosis were associated with inferior outcomes.

No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Atopic ; Stem Cells

No abstract available.
Activins* ; Regeneration*

BACKGROUND: Kaempferol (3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid known to have a wide range of pharmacological activities. The 3-OH group in flavonoids has been reported to determine antioxidant activities. OBJECTIVE: We tested whether kaempferol can affect the expression of integrins and the stem cell fate of interfollicular epidermal stem cells. METHODS: Skin equivalent (SE) models were constructed, and the expression levels of stem cell markers and basement membrane-related antigens were tested. The immunohistochemical staining patterns of integrins, p63, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were compared between kaempferol- and apigenin-treated SE models. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of integrins. RESULTS: Kaempferol increased the thickness of the epidermis when added to prepare SEs. In addition, the basal cells of kaempferol- treated SEs appeared more columnar. In the immunohistological study, the expression of integrins α6 and β1 and the numbers of p63- and PCNA-positive cells were markedly higher in the kaempferol-treated model. However, apigenin showed no effects on the formation of three-dimensional skin models. RT-PCR analysis also confirmed that kaempferol increased the expression of integrin α6 and integrin β1. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that kaempferol can increase the proliferative potential of basal epidermal cells by modulating the basement membrane. In other words, kaempferol can affect the fate of interfollicular epidermal stem cells by increasing the expression of both integrins α6 and β1. These effects, in particular, might be ascribed to the 3-OH group of kaempferol.
Apigenin ; Basement Membrane ; Epidermis ; Extracellular Matrix ; Flavonoids ; Integrins ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; RNA, Messenger ; Skin ; Stem Cells*

No abstract available.
Galectin 3* ; Skin*

Porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7) was first detected in Korean pig farms in 2017. The detection rate of PPV7 DNA was 24.0% (30/125) in aborted pig fetuses and 74.9% (262/350) in finishing pigs, suggesting that PPV7 has circulated among Korean domestic pig farms. Phylogenetic analysis based on capsid protein amino acid sequences demonstrated that the nine isolated Korean strains (PPV-KA1-3 and PPV-KF1-6) were closely related to the previously reported USA and Chinese PPV7 strains. In addition, the Korean strains exhibit genetic diversity with both insertion and deletion mutations. This study contributes to the understanding of the molecular epidemiology of PPV7 in Korea.
Aborted Fetus ; Agriculture ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Capsid Proteins ; DNA ; Fetus ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Korea ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Parvovirus, Porcine ; Sequence Deletion ; Sus scrofa ; Swine

Scar sarcoidosis is a cutaneous manifestation of sarcoidosis arising on old cutaneous scars. We report four cases of scar sarcoidosis after blepharoplasty. Lesions were seen to manifest as erythematous, firm, and non-tender nodules diffusely palpable along an upper eyelid scar. Histologically, numerous non-caseating granulomas with multinucleated giant cells were seen. No other evidence of systemic sarcoidosis was observed in any patient. Although rare, sarcoidosis may occur in an eyelid scar after a blepharoplasty. Therefore, scar sarcoidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with unusual nodules in blepharoplasty scars.
Blepharoplasty* ; Cicatrix* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eyelids ; Giant Cells ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Sarcoidosis*