Objective The aim is to understand the common scenarios of non-medical use of prescription opioids(NMUPO)and analyze the potential facilitating and hindering factors in the regulatory process of NMUPO from the perspective of healthcare professionals.Methods Healthcare professionals in local hospitals were surveyed through a two-stage purposive sampling from June to August 2022 in Ningbo,China.The survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire on topics,and thematic analysis were used to identify and summarise key themes and patterns.Results A total of 75 participants were included,the average age was(43.9±7.2)years,and 54(72.0%)were male.The most common NMUPO scenarios involved middle-aged males pretending acute severe pain to obtain injectable opioids.The facilitating and hindering factors related to the regulation of NMUPO can be categorized into three types:institutional governance,technical support,and individual behaviors.At the institutional level,facilitating factors included strict national prescribing policies and local"narcotic drug card"systems,while barriers comprised incomplete lists of controlled substances.At the technological support level,facilitating factors included the establishment of regional health information platforms,while barriers included the lack of standardized prescription guidelines and diagnostic decision-support tools.At the individual level,facilitating factors included the public's cautious attitude toward drug misuse,while barriers included strained doctor-patient relationships.Conclusion China still faces significant challenges in addressing NMUPO and urgently needs to improve the existing regulatory system.It is recommended that reforms be carried out in areas such as pharmaceutical control mechanisms,drug treatment and rehabilitation services,preventive health education activities,and the optimized use of health information systems.

Objective:To analyze the incidence and risk factors of ocular surface disease among power grid construction workers in plateau.Methods:A total of 11 132 construction personnel from the Ngari prefecture-central Tibet power grid interconnection project were included from 2019 to 2020.Baseline characteristics including age, gender, body mass index, developmental and nutritional status, relevant clinical indicators, etc.and follow-up data regarding incidence of ocular surface diseases were obtained from the medical records of Ali interconnection project staff medical station.The altitude of workplace and residence of the study population were obtained from the website (https: //zh-cn.topographic-map.com/legal/).The mean age of the subjects was (36.17±10.48) years, of which 95.33%(10, 612 subjects) were male.The median follow-up time was 1.53 years.The altitude of the residence and workplace were (1 954.77±940.64) and (4 535.09±232.71) meters, respectively.The incidence of ocular surface diseases in groups with different characteristics was calculated.Differential variables for the incidence of ocular surface diseases were screened by univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model.Influencing factors of ocular surface diseases multivariate were explored by Cox proportional hazards model.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University Health Science Center (No.IRB00001052-21066).Results:During the follow-up period, the incidence of ocular surface disease was 9.27% (1 032 cases), and the incidence of conjunctivitis and keratitis was 6.58% (733 cases) and 1.80% (200 cases), respectively.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that for every 1 000 meters increase in altitude of residence, the risk of ocular surface disease decreased by 15% ( HR[95% CI]: 0.85[0.80~0.91], P<0.001).For every 100 meters increase in altitude of workplace, the risk of ocular surface disease increased by 5% ( HR[95% CI]: 1.04[1.01~1.07], P=0.006).Decreased blood oxygen saturation ( HR[95% CI]: 1.09[1.02~1.16], P=0.007), hearing pulmonary dry rales (hazard ratio ( HR)[95% CI]: 1.53[1.12~2.09], P=0.007) and heart murmurs ( HR[95% CI]: 4.44[1.43~13.83], P=0.010) were associated with ocular surface disease. Conclusions:The incidence of ocular surface disease in personnel engaged in electric grid construction at high altitudes should not be ignored.High working altitude, low residence altitude, pulmonary dry rales, heart murmurs and low blood oxygen saturation are factors associated with the incidence of ocular surface disease.

Objective:To analyze the incidence and risk factors of ocular surface disease among power grid construction workers in plateau.Methods:A total of 11 132 construction personnel from the Ngari prefecture-central Tibet power grid interconnection project were included from 2019 to 2020.Baseline characteristics including age, gender, body mass index, developmental and nutritional status, relevant clinical indicators, etc.and follow-up data regarding incidence of ocular surface diseases were obtained from the medical records of Ali interconnection project staff medical station.The altitude of workplace and residence of the study population were obtained from the website (https: //zh-cn.topographic-map.com/legal/).The mean age of the subjects was (36.17±10.48) years, of which 95.33%(10, 612 subjects) were male.The median follow-up time was 1.53 years.The altitude of the residence and workplace were (1 954.77±940.64) and (4 535.09±232.71) meters, respectively.The incidence of ocular surface diseases in groups with different characteristics was calculated.Differential variables for the incidence of ocular surface diseases were screened by univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model.Influencing factors of ocular surface diseases multivariate were explored by Cox proportional hazards model.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University Health Science Center (No.IRB00001052-21066).Results:During the follow-up period, the incidence of ocular surface disease was 9.27% (1 032 cases), and the incidence of conjunctivitis and keratitis was 6.58% (733 cases) and 1.80% (200 cases), respectively.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that for every 1 000 meters increase in altitude of residence, the risk of ocular surface disease decreased by 15% ( HR[95% CI]: 0.85[0.80~0.91], P<0.001).For every 100 meters increase in altitude of workplace, the risk of ocular surface disease increased by 5% ( HR[95% CI]: 1.04[1.01~1.07], P=0.006).Decreased blood oxygen saturation ( HR[95% CI]: 1.09[1.02~1.16], P=0.007), hearing pulmonary dry rales (hazard ratio ( HR)[95% CI]: 1.53[1.12~2.09], P=0.007) and heart murmurs ( HR[95% CI]: 4.44[1.43~13.83], P=0.010) were associated with ocular surface disease. Conclusions:The incidence of ocular surface disease in personnel engaged in electric grid construction at high altitudes should not be ignored.High working altitude, low residence altitude, pulmonary dry rales, heart murmurs and low blood oxygen saturation are factors associated with the incidence of ocular surface disease.

Objective The aim is to understand the common scenarios of non-medical use of prescription opioids(NMUPO)and analyze the potential facilitating and hindering factors in the regulatory process of NMUPO from the perspective of healthcare professionals.Methods Healthcare professionals in local hospitals were surveyed through a two-stage purposive sampling from June to August 2022 in Ningbo,China.The survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire on topics,and thematic analysis were used to identify and summarise key themes and patterns.Results A total of 75 participants were included,the average age was(43.9±7.2)years,and 54(72.0%)were male.The most common NMUPO scenarios involved middle-aged males pretending acute severe pain to obtain injectable opioids.The facilitating and hindering factors related to the regulation of NMUPO can be categorized into three types:institutional governance,technical support,and individual behaviors.At the institutional level,facilitating factors included strict national prescribing policies and local"narcotic drug card"systems,while barriers comprised incomplete lists of controlled substances.At the technological support level,facilitating factors included the establishment of regional health information platforms,while barriers included the lack of standardized prescription guidelines and diagnostic decision-support tools.At the individual level,facilitating factors included the public's cautious attitude toward drug misuse,while barriers included strained doctor-patient relationships.Conclusion China still faces significant challenges in addressing NMUPO and urgently needs to improve the existing regulatory system.It is recommended that reforms be carried out in areas such as pharmaceutical control mechanisms,drug treatment and rehabilitation services,preventive health education activities,and the optimized use of health information systems.