Objective:To compare the effects of brinzolamide-timolol (B&T) eye drops and dipivefrine hydrochloride (DH) eye drops on the intraocular metabolism of ranibizumab after intravitreal injection in rabbit.Methods:Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly and equally divided into DH group, B&T group, and control group.The right eye was selected as the experimental eye.The B&T and DH groups received DH and B&T eye drops, respectively, twice daily, 30 μl each time.The control group did not receive any treatment.Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in both eyes before the first administration and 1 hour after the first administration on the second day.After IOP measurement, the experimental eye received an intravitreal injection of 0.25 mg ranibizumab (10 mg/ml).Aqueous humor samples were collected 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days after injection.Ranibizumab concentration in the aqueous humor was measured by ELISA kit.Pharmacokinetic parameters including time to peak concentration ( tmax), peak concentration ( Cmax), elimination half-life ( t1/2) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of ranibizumab were calculated.This experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Eye Hospital (No.HNEECA-2023-03). Results:The tmax of ranibizumab in the aqueous humor was 1 day in all three groups.The Cmax values in the control, B&T and DH groups were (8.122±2.445), (13.079±3.140) and (8.299±0.899)μg/ml, respectively.Except for day 3 in the control group, the ranibizumab concentrations in aqueous humor of the B&T group were higher than that of the DH group and the control group at all time points after injection, with statistically significant significances (all P<0.05).The t1/2 of ranibizumab in aqueous humor in the control group, B&T group, and DH group were (2.90±0.29), (3.36±0.35) and (2.80±0.29) days, respectively, and the AUC0-t values were (52.697±10.178), (80.244±11.249) and (51.985±8.734)μg/ml·d, respectively.The t1/2 and AUC0-t of ranibizumab in aqueous humor of the B&T group were significantly higher than those of the DH group and the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).The mean bioavailability in the B&T group was increased by 52.3% compared to the control group. Conclusions:B&T eye drops prolong the half-life and enhance the intraocular bioavailability of ranibizumab after intravitreal injection in rabbits, whereas DH has no significant effect on its intraocular metabolism.

Objective:To compare the effects of brinzolamide-timolol (B&T) eye drops and dipivefrine hydrochloride (DH) eye drops on the intraocular metabolism of ranibizumab after intravitreal injection in rabbit.Methods:Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly and equally divided into DH group, B&T group, and control group.The right eye was selected as the experimental eye.The B&T and DH groups received DH and B&T eye drops, respectively, twice daily, 30 μl each time.The control group did not receive any treatment.Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in both eyes before the first administration and 1 hour after the first administration on the second day.After IOP measurement, the experimental eye received an intravitreal injection of 0.25 mg ranibizumab (10 mg/ml).Aqueous humor samples were collected 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days after injection.Ranibizumab concentration in the aqueous humor was measured by ELISA kit.Pharmacokinetic parameters including time to peak concentration ( tmax), peak concentration ( Cmax), elimination half-life ( t1/2) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of ranibizumab were calculated.This experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Eye Hospital (No.HNEECA-2023-03). Results:The tmax of ranibizumab in the aqueous humor was 1 day in all three groups.The Cmax values in the control, B&T and DH groups were (8.122±2.445), (13.079±3.140) and (8.299±0.899)μg/ml, respectively.Except for day 3 in the control group, the ranibizumab concentrations in aqueous humor of the B&T group were higher than that of the DH group and the control group at all time points after injection, with statistically significant significances (all P<0.05).The t1/2 of ranibizumab in aqueous humor in the control group, B&T group, and DH group were (2.90±0.29), (3.36±0.35) and (2.80±0.29) days, respectively, and the AUC0-t values were (52.697±10.178), (80.244±11.249) and (51.985±8.734)μg/ml·d, respectively.The t1/2 and AUC0-t of ranibizumab in aqueous humor of the B&T group were significantly higher than those of the DH group and the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).The mean bioavailability in the B&T group was increased by 52.3% compared to the control group. Conclusions:B&T eye drops prolong the half-life and enhance the intraocular bioavailability of ranibizumab after intravitreal injection in rabbits, whereas DH has no significant effect on its intraocular metabolism.

The rising demand for child care is putting a strain on parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), particularly the mothers. This study investigated Chinese mothers of children with ASD and examined the factors associated with maternal mental health. An online national survey was completed by the parents of 5077 ASD children and adolescents aged 0‍‒‍17 years. A total of 28.0% of the mothers reported poor mental health status. Mothers with children aged 10‍‒‍13 years had a lower chance of having poor mental health status than mothers with children aged 0‒2 years (odds ratio (OR) 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43‍‒‍0.91). Mothers of children with high-functioning autism were less likely to have poor mental health status than those of children with low-functioning autism (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62‍‒‍0.94). Having children with comorbidities was related with a higher risk of poor mental status (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.35‒1.81), as were having conflicts with other family members (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.22‍‒‍1.70) and providing full-time care (OR 1.22, CI 1.06‍‒‍1.41). A higher-than-average family income was associated with lower risk of having poor mental health status (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.58‍‒‍0.82). Factors related to the children and family, and providing full-time care, have a significant effect on mothers' mental health status. Reducing obstacles to work and social interaction, as well as tackling the financial burden of raising an ASD child, may help improve the well-being of mothers.
Humans ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology* ; Mothers/psychology* ; Female ; Child ; Adolescent ; Mental Health ; Male ; Child, Preschool ; Adult ; Infant ; China/epidemiology* ; Infant, Newborn ; Self Report ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Middle Aged

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of donepezil(DNPQ)combined with butylphthalide sequential therapy(BST)in the treatment of Parkinson's syndrome(PS).Methods In this study,104 patients with Parkinson's disease(PD)who were diagnosed and treated in the Department of Neurology of The Fourth Hospital of Changsha from January 2020 to November 2023 were randomly divided into a control group(butylphthalide softcapsule combined with DNPQ)and an observation group(BST combined with DNPQ).The main observation indicators of this study were the clinical efficacy and drug-related adverse reactions after 3 months of treatment.The secondary observation indicators were the cognitive function[Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)and Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)],overall condition[Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS)],activity of daily living(ADL),and oxidative stress-related cytokines[recombinant human Parkinson's disease protein 7(PARK7),neurotrophic factor 3(NT3),and C-reactive protein(CRP)]improvement after treatment.Results There were 52 patients in the experimental group and 52 patients in the control group.The treatment efficacy rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),while the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Before treatment,there were no significant differences in MoCA scores,MMSE scores,UPDRS scores,ADL scores,serum NT3,CRP,and PARK7 levels between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the MoCA score,MMSE score,and ADL score in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),while the UPDRS score was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the serum NT3 level in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),while the serum CRP and PARK7 levels were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of DNPQ and BST has better clinical efficacy and safety,which can improve cognitive function,ADL and oxidative stress-related cytokine content in patients with PS.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness and advantages of using Fastpass Scorpion suture passer to stitch the inferior capsulolabral complex in arthroscopic Bankart repair compared with traditional arthroscopic suture shuttle. METHODS: The clinical data of 41 patients with Bankart lesion, who met the selection criteria and were admitted between August 2019 and October 2021, was retrospectively analyzed. Under arthroscopy, the inferior capsulolabral complex was stitched with Fastpass Scorpion suture passer in 27 patients (FS group) and with arthroscopic suture shuttle in 14 patients (ASS group). There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05) in gender, age, injured side, frequency of shoulder dislocation, time from first dislocation to operation, and preoperative Rowe score of shoulder. Taking successful suture and pull-tightening as the criteria for completion of repair, the number of patients that were repaired at 5∶00 to 6∶00 (<6:00) and 6∶00 to 7∶00 positions of the glenoid in the two groups was compared. The operation time, and the difference of Rowe shoulder score betwee pre- and post-operation, the occurrence of shoulder joint dislocation, the results of apprehension test, and the constituent ratio of recovery to the pre-injury movement level between the two groups at 1 year after operation. RESULTS: Both groups completed the repair at 5∶00 to 6∶00 (<6∶00), and the constituent ratio of patients completed at 6∶00 to 7∶00 was significantly greater in the FS group than in the ASS group ( P<0.05). The operation time was significantly shorter in the FS group than in the ASS group ( P<0.05). All incisions in the two groups healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 12-36 months (mean, 19.1 months). No anchor displacement or neurovascular injury occurred during follow-up. Rowe score of shoulder in the two groups significantly improved at 1 year after operation than preoperative scores ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the difference of Rowe shoulder score between pre- and post-operation between the two groups ( P>0.05). At 1 year after operation, no re-dislocation occurred, and there was no significant difference in the apprehension test and the constituent ratio of recovery to the pre-injury movement level between the two groups ( P>0.05). CONCLUSION Compared with the arthroscopic suture shuttle, using Fastpass Scorpion suture passer to stitch the inferior capsulolabral complex in arthroscopic Bankart repair is more convenient, saves operation time, and has good effectiveness.
Humans ; Animals ; Arthroscopy/methods* ; Scorpions ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Shoulder Dislocation/surgery* ; Sutures ; Equidae ; Shoulder Joint/surgery* ; Joint Instability/surgery* ; Suture Anchors ; Recurrence ; Range of Motion, Articular

Chewing-side preference is one of the risk factors for temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and people with chewing-side preference is more prone to have short and displaced condyles, increased articular eminence inclination and glenoid fossa depth. The proportion of TMD patients with chewing-side preference is often higher than that of the normal subjects. Clinical studies have shown a strong correlation between chewing-side preference and TMD symptoms and signs; and animal studies have shown that chewing-side preference can affect the growth, development, damage and repair of the mandible. After long-term unilateral mastication, changes in the stress within the joint cause the imbalance of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) structural reconstruction, the transformation and even destruction of the fiber structure of masticatory muscle, resulting in uncoordinated movement of bilateral muscles. The joint neurogenic diseases caused by the increase of neuropeptide substance P and calcitonin-gene-related-peptide (CGRP) released locally by TMJ may be the mechanism of TMD. This article reviews the research progress of the influence of chewing-side preference on the structure of TMJ, the relationship between chewing-side preference and TMD, and the related mechanisms.
Humans ; Mastication/physiology* ; Temporomandibular Joint/physiology* ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/etiology* ; Mandible/physiology*

Under the new situation of rapid development of medical science and technology, how to effectively cultivate medical students’ humanistic spirit and comprehensively improve medical quality is an important responsibility of medical college teachers. Blend-learning can guide students to immersive learning in multiple dimensions and forms. Obstetrics and Gynecology is one of the main compulsory courses for clinical medical students, which is faced more sensitive and vulnerable female patients, and required higher humanistic quality training for medical students. Through the construction of the blend-learning platform, medical humanities can be better integrated into the content and teaching design of medical education, and students can be more appropriately imperceptibly trained in medical humanities in obstetrics and gynecology teaching, so as to enhance medical students’ medical humanities quality in the process of obstetrics and gynecology diagnosis and treatment, and improve doctor-patient relationship.

As an excellent hosting matrices for enzyme immobilization, metal-organic framework (MOFs) provides superior physical and chemical protection for biocatalytic reactions. In recent years, the hierarchical porous metal-organic frameworks (HP-MOFs) have shown great potential in enzyme immobilization due to their flexible structural advantages. To date, a variety of HP-MOFs with intrinsic or defective porous have been developed for the immobilization of enzymes. The catalytic activity, stability and reusability of enzyme@HP-MOFs composites are significantly enhanced. This review systematically summarized the strategies for developing enzyme@HP-MOFs composites. In addition, the latest applications of enzyme@HP-MOFs composites in catalytic synthesis, biosensing and biomedicine were described. Moreover, the challenges and opportunities in this field were discussed and envisioned.
Metal-Organic Frameworks/chemistry* ; Porosity ; Enzymes, Immobilized/chemistry* ; Biocatalysis ; Catalysis

ObjectiveTo evaluate the overall demand for rehabilitation services from the perspective of the groups with disabilities, diseases, injuries and older adults, and explore the causes of the supply and demand gap of rehabilitation services. MethodsThe literatures in the field of rehabilitation were collected, summarized and analyzed, including policy documents issued by World Health Organization and relevant departments in China, surveys, and researches. ResultsThe demand for rehabilitation services caused by disabilities, chronic diseases, injuries and population ageing were vast in China, but many were still unmet. The main reasons leading to the gap included those population trend and health situation, the insufficient reserve of rehabilitation resources coming from incomplete development of rehabilitation service system early, and inadequate construction of disability reporting system, which could not efficiently meet rehabilitation demand with supply. ConclusionThe strategies to optimize the rehabilitation services system and promote the quality of the services based on the disability reporting system are warranted.

The investigation of environmental radioactivity level is an important basic work of ecological environment protection. It can provide basic data and scientific basis for the evaluation of radioactive environment quality and the formulation of radiation safety regulations and standards. Based on many years of practical experience of environmental radioactivity level investigation, combined with relevant regulations and standards, this paper summarizes the common investigation methods in the investigation and research of environmental radioactivity level at home and abroad, summarizes a set of environmental radioactivity level investigation scheme with strong applicability, and gives detailed suggestions on the ideas, methods, technical routes and other key points of the investigation scheme. The research results of this paper can provide a reference for the preparation of environmental radioactive level investigation scheme.