Opium is obtained by air-drying the milky latex extracted from the unripe capsules of the opium poppy(Papaver somniferum).This latex is rich in benzylisoquinoline alkaloids(BIA),with major active compounds in-cluding morphine,codeine,thebaine,papaverine,and noscapine.Compound licorice oral solution and compound licorice tablets are derivative drugs containing opium.Initially classified as over-the-counter(OTC)medications,both formulations were later reclassified as prescription drugs by the National Medical Products Administration(NMPA),restricting their purchase without proper authorization.Although the national pharmacopeia standards specify the morphine content in the opium raw materials used for compound licorice oral solution and tablets,they lack mandatory requirements for the detection and quantification of the other four major alkaloids.Given the unique nature of opium raw materials and the stringent regulatory requirements for such drugs,it is imperative to enhance and refine simultaneous detection and control methods for all alkaloid components in these products.Furthermore,the establishment of scientific and reasonable detection and control standards for preservatives in compound licorice formulations is crucial to improving overall product quality management and ensuring drug safety and efficacy.This study analyzes and discusses the quality standards,detection methods,and research progress for opium and com-pound licorice preparations,aiming to explore the potential for technological innovation and ensure the safe use of these medications.

Opium is obtained by air-drying the milky latex extracted from the unripe capsules of the opium poppy(Papaver somniferum).This latex is rich in benzylisoquinoline alkaloids(BIA),with major active compounds in-cluding morphine,codeine,thebaine,papaverine,and noscapine.Compound licorice oral solution and compound licorice tablets are derivative drugs containing opium.Initially classified as over-the-counter(OTC)medications,both formulations were later reclassified as prescription drugs by the National Medical Products Administration(NMPA),restricting their purchase without proper authorization.Although the national pharmacopeia standards specify the morphine content in the opium raw materials used for compound licorice oral solution and tablets,they lack mandatory requirements for the detection and quantification of the other four major alkaloids.Given the unique nature of opium raw materials and the stringent regulatory requirements for such drugs,it is imperative to enhance and refine simultaneous detection and control methods for all alkaloid components in these products.Furthermore,the establishment of scientific and reasonable detection and control standards for preservatives in compound licorice formulations is crucial to improving overall product quality management and ensuring drug safety and efficacy.This study analyzes and discusses the quality standards,detection methods,and research progress for opium and com-pound licorice preparations,aiming to explore the potential for technological innovation and ensure the safe use of these medications.

Purpose: This study was to investigate the work experience of newly recruited male nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: With a phenomenological approach, this qualitative study was adopted semistructured interviews by phone or video calls. A total of 9 male nurses newly recruited for the COVID-19 wards in Chinese hospitals were interviewed for this study. And Colaizzi's method was applied for evaluation in the data analysis. Results: Based on our findings, three themes were extracted. First, the newly recruited male nurses showed negative emotions at the beginning of COVID-19 epidemic, which was caused by changes in working conditions and content, but also prompted the nurses to change the way of coping with the crisis. Second, they gradually mastered the working skills and psychological training to cope with COVID-19 and developed a positive attitude toward life and a high sense of professional responsibility. Finally, we learned about their needs to respond to public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion COVID-19 is a disaster for all of humanity. The newly recruited male nurses are an important force in emergency rescue. Although they suffered from short-term negative emotions, they quickly adapted to the crisis. In order to better prepare for future emergencies, the disaster response capacity of newly recruited male nurses needs to be further improved. In addition, newly recruited male nurses have a strong demand for timely and personalized career development guidance.

Purpose: This study was to investigate the work experience of newly recruited male nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: With a phenomenological approach, this qualitative study was adopted semistructured interviews by phone or video calls. A total of 9 male nurses newly recruited for the COVID-19 wards in Chinese hospitals were interviewed for this study. And Colaizzi's method was applied for evaluation in the data analysis. Results: Based on our findings, three themes were extracted. First, the newly recruited male nurses showed negative emotions at the beginning of COVID-19 epidemic, which was caused by changes in working conditions and content, but also prompted the nurses to change the way of coping with the crisis. Second, they gradually mastered the working skills and psychological training to cope with COVID-19 and developed a positive attitude toward life and a high sense of professional responsibility. Finally, we learned about their needs to respond to public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion COVID-19 is a disaster for all of humanity. The newly recruited male nurses are an important force in emergency rescue. Although they suffered from short-term negative emotions, they quickly adapted to the crisis. In order to better prepare for future emergencies, the disaster response capacity of newly recruited male nurses needs to be further improved. In addition, newly recruited male nurses have a strong demand for timely and personalized career development guidance.

Objective To explore the effects of diary therapy on psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia patients in recovery period.Methods A total of 100 patients with schizophrenia were randomly divided into two groups:control group and training group,50 cases in each group.The patients of control group received the psychiatric routine nursing which meant to carry out daily life guidance,to carry out recreational activities,had regular health education by charging nurses,and so on.The patients of training group were under the basis of conventional treatment and care,and implemented diary therapy.The brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) was used to assess the prognosis of the patients before and after the intervention.Results In the training group after the intervention,the total scores of BPRS and anxiety depression,lack of energy,thought disorder,activation and hostile suspiciousness factor scores were (24.340 ± 1.891),(5.540 ±0.734),(5.980 ± 1.152),(5.680 ±0.935),(3.720 ± 0.757),(3.420 ± 0.499),which were better than those of the control group (31.740 ± 2.354),(7.140 ± 1.069),(7.500 ± 0.995),(7.320 ± 0.891),(4.940 ± 0.843),(4.840 ± 0.842) (F =70.969,13.383,29.353,35.284,9.297,17.614;P ＜0.05).Conclusions In the recovery period of schizophrenia patients,the implementation of diary therapy can reduce the patient's mental symptoms,improve the patient's thinking,emotion and behavior,and promote the rehabilitation of patients.

Objective To evaluate the application of Friedman family assessment model in home care patients with depression. Methods A total of 80 patients with depression were treated by their visit serial number, and the Single numbers were arranged into the intervention group, the even numbers were arranged into the control group, each of 40 cases. In the control group, patients were used conventional drug therapy and made an appointment in the outpatient. On this basis, patients in the intervention group were utilized the Friedman family assessment model as a guide for home care intervention. Before and after the intervention, patients were applied the Hamilton depression scale 17 ( HAMD 17) to evaluate the extent of the patients′depression. We used generic quality of life Inventory-74 ( GQOLI-74) assessed the depressed patients′ life quality. Results After 16 weeks the results showed the HAMD17 score of the intervention group point was (6. 82 ± 2. 49) lower than that of the control group (8. 26 ± 2. 01) (t = 2. 82,P < 0. 01). The total score of GQOLI-74 in the intervention group was (230. 00 ± 20. 65), and its three dimensional points were as follows:physical function (65. 73 ± 8. 26), psychological functioning (59. 87 ± 8. 92), social functioning (56. 13 ± 10. 26), which were significantly higher than that of the control group (213. 94 ± 19. 28) points, (60. 06 ± 9. 19) points, (53. 63 ± 8. 44) points, (49. 76 ± 9. 72 ), with the statistical difference (t = - 3. 65, - 2. 91,- 3. 22, - 2. 86, respectively;P < 0. 01). Conclusions Friedman family assessment model is a more effective rehabilitation methods, especially on reducing the extent of home care patients with depression, promoting the rehabilitation of the disease and improving the quality of life of patients.