ObjectiveTo elucidate the chemical composition of the reference sample of Jinshui Liujunjian and its distribution characteristics in blood and tissues of rats. MethodsUltra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） was used to detect the reference sample solution， plasma， and tissue samples of Jinshui Liujunjian under positive and negative ion modes， respectively. Qualitative Analysis 10.0 software and a self-constructed database were employed for primary mass spectrum matching.Compound identification was further validated by comparing retention times， secondary mass spectral fragments， reference standards， and literature data to deduce fragmentation pathways. ResultsA total of 122 compounds were identified in the reference sample of Jinshui Liujunjian， including 47 flavonoids， 5 amino acids， 13 iridoids， 16 triterpenoid saponins， etc.， of which 42 compounds were confirmed by comparison with reference substances. A total of 21 prototype components were identified in blood components； 50 prototype components were identified in different tissues， among which 13， 10， 7， 21， 11， 6， 14， and 40 prototype components were identified in the heart， liver， spleen， lung， kidney， brain， large intestine， and stomach， respectively. Among them， 7 compounds such as ferulic acid， glycyrrhizic acid， and nobiletin were exposed in the target organs of lung and kidney. ConclusionThis study elucidates the material basis of the reference samples of Jinshui Liujunjian， primarily composed of flavonoids and triterpenoid saponins， along with their in vivo distribution characteristics. These findings provide a scientific basis for establishing quality evaluation indicators and offer references for subsequent pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic investigations.

ObjectiveTo elucidate the chemical composition of the reference sample of Jinshui Liujunjian and its distribution characteristics in blood and tissues of rats. MethodsUltra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） was used to detect the reference sample solution， plasma， and tissue samples of Jinshui Liujunjian under positive and negative ion modes， respectively. Qualitative Analysis 10.0 software and a self-constructed database were employed for primary mass spectrum matching.Compound identification was further validated by comparing retention times， secondary mass spectral fragments， reference standards， and literature data to deduce fragmentation pathways. ResultsA total of 122 compounds were identified in the reference sample of Jinshui Liujunjian， including 47 flavonoids， 5 amino acids， 13 iridoids， 16 triterpenoid saponins， etc.， of which 42 compounds were confirmed by comparison with reference substances. A total of 21 prototype components were identified in blood components； 50 prototype components were identified in different tissues， among which 13， 10， 7， 21， 11， 6， 14， and 40 prototype components were identified in the heart， liver， spleen， lung， kidney， brain， large intestine， and stomach， respectively. Among them， 7 compounds such as ferulic acid， glycyrrhizic acid， and nobiletin were exposed in the target organs of lung and kidney. ConclusionThis study elucidates the material basis of the reference samples of Jinshui Liujunjian， primarily composed of flavonoids and triterpenoid saponins， along with their in vivo distribution characteristics. These findings provide a scientific basis for establishing quality evaluation indicators and offer references for subsequent pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic investigations.

BACKGROUND:Research suggests that exercise interventions may be more advantageous than pharmacologic treatments or dietary restriction alone for fat loss,but fewer studies have simultaneously examined the effects of training modalities and training cycles on visceral and subcutaneous fat in obese populations. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of training modalities and training cycles on visceral and subcutaneous fat in recessive obesity female college students. METHODS:Sixty-three female college students with hidden obesity(body mass index<24 kg/m2 and body fat content percentage≥30%)were recruited from Zhengzhou College of Commerce and Industry,and were randomly divided into a high-intensity intermittent training group(n=32)and a moderate-intensity continuous training group(n=31)using the lottery method.Subjects in both groups performed exercise training of corresponding intensity on a running platform and ensured that the exercise volume of both groups was equal,3 times per week,every 4 weeks as one training cycle for 16 weeks.Before training and at the end of each training cycle,subjects'visceral fat,subcutaneous fat,and overall fat were measured using the corresponding test devices. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The repeated measures F results indicated that the main effects of training cycles on visceral fat area,visceral fat index,abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness,percentage of body fat and body mass index were significant,while the main effects of training modalities were significant for subcutaneous fat thickness in the triceps brachii and scapula regions.All the interaction effects between training modalities and training cycles were significant(P<0.05).Results from the simple effect tests revealed that the significant simple effects of training modalities at the 4th and 12th weeks for visceral fat area and visceral fat index,at the 8th and 12th weeks for subcutaneous fat thickness in the triceps brachii,scapula region,and abdominal regions,and at the 8th week for the percentage of body fat and body mass index.Simple effects of training cycles were significant for all measures within each group.(3)The results of multiple comparison tests indicated that in the high-intensity intermittent training group,visceral fat area,visceral fat index,percentage of body fat,body mass index and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness decreased sequentially at the 4th,8th,12th,and 16th weeks,and subcutaneous fat thickness of the triceps brachii and scapula decreased sequentially at the 8th,12th,and 16th weeks(P<0.05).In the moderate-intensity continuous training group,visceral fat area,visceral fat index,subcutaneous fat thickness of the triceps brachii and scapula,percentage of body fat and body mass index decreased successively at the 8th,12th,and 16th weeks,while abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness decreased successively at the 4th,8th,12th,and 16th weeks(P<0.05).To conclude,both training modalities and training cycles are factors influencing visceral and subcutaneous fat in recessive obesity female college students.Training modality primarily affects subcutaneous fat in the triceps brachii and scapular region,but the fat loss effects may converge over a longer training cycle;training cycle primarily affects visceral fat area,visceral fat index,abdominal subcutaneous fat,body fat content,and body mass index.

Objective To explore the correlation of MET status in patients with advanced prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma with the clinical pathological parameters and prognosis. Methods The specimen from 135 patients with advanced prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma was included. The expression of c-MET protein was detected via immunohistochemistry, and MET gene amplification was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The relationships of c-MET expression and gene amplification with clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of c-MET was 52.60% (71/135). Compared with the c-MET expression in adjacent tissues, that in tumor tissues showed lower heterogeneous expression. Among the cases, 1.71% (2/117) exhibited MET gene polyploidy, but no gene amplification was detected. Positive c-MET expression was significantly correlated with high Gleason scores and grade groups (P=0.0073). However, no significant relationship was found between c-MET expression and progression-free survival or post-treatment t-PSA levels. Conclusion c-MET protein is expressed at a relatively low level in advanced prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma, suggesting that c-MET may not be a viable target for ADC drug development in prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma.

This study explores the effect of total secondary ginsenosides(TSG) on apoptosis and energy metabolism in H9c2 cells under hypoxia and its potential mechanisms. H9c2 cell viability was observed and the apoptosis rate was calculated to determine suitable intervention concentrations of TSG, antimycin A complex(AMA), and coenzyme Q10(CoQ10), along with the duration of hypoxia. H9c2 cells at the logarithmic phase were divided into a normal group, a model group, a TSG group, an AMA group, a TSG+AMA group, and a CoQ10 group. All groups, except the normal group, were treated with their respective intervention drugs and cultured under hypoxic conditions. Adenosine triphosphate(ATP) content and creatine kinase(CK) activity were measured using an ATP chemiluminescence assay kit and a CK colorimetric assay kit. Flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis rates, and Western blot evaluated the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins, including B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax), cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease(caspase)-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, as well as mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α(PGC-1α), estrogen-related receptor-α(ERRα), nuclear respiratory factor(NRF)-1, NRF-2, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α(PPARα), and Na~+-K~+-ATPase. RT-PCR was employed to analyze the mRNA expression of mitochondrial biogenesis factors, including PGC-1α, ERRα, NRF-1, NRF-2, PPARα, mitochondrial transcription factor A(TFAM), mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase 1(COX1), and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1(ND1), ND2. The selected intervention concentrations were 7.5 μg·mL~(-1) for TSG, 10 μmol·L~(-1) for AMA, and 1×10~(-4) mol·L~(-1) for CoQ10, with a hypoxia duration of 6 h. Compared with the normal group, the model group showed decreased ATP content and CK activity, increased apoptosis rates, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and increased Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 expression in H9c2 cells. Additionally, the protein and mRNA expression levels of mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors(PGC-1α, ERRα, NRF-1, NRF-2, PPARα), mRNA expression of TFAM, COX1, and ND1, ND2, and protein expression of Na~+-K~+-ATPase in mitochondrial DNA, were also reduced. In the TSG and CoQ10 groups, ATP content and CK activity increased, and apoptosis rates decreased compared with those in the model group. The TSG group showed decreased protein expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, increased protein and mRNA expression of mitochondrial biogenesis factors PGC-1α, ERRα, NRF-1, and PPARα, and increased NRF-2 protein expression and TFAM mRNA expression in mitochondrial DNA. Conversely, in the AMA group, ATP content and CK activity decreased, the apoptosis rate increased, Bcl-2 expression decreased, and Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 expression increased, alongside reductions in PGC-1α, ERRα, NRF-1, NRF-2, PPARα protein and mRNA expression, as well as TFAM, COX1, ND1, ND2 mRNA expression and Na~+-K~+-ATPase protein expression. Compared with the TSG group, the TSG+AMA group exhibited decreased ATP content and CK activity, increased apoptosis rates, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and increased Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 expression, along with decreased PGC-1α, ERRα, NRF-1, NRF-2, and PPARα protein and mRNA expression and TFAM, COX1, and ND1, ND2 mRNA expression. Compared with the AMA group, the TSG+AMA group showed increased CK activity, decreased apoptosis rate, increased Bcl-2 expression, and decreased Bax, caspase-8, and caspase-9 expression. Additionally, the protein and mRNA expression of PGC-1α, ERRα, NRF-1, PPARα, mRNA expression of TFAM, COX1, ND1, ND2, and Na~+-K~+-ATPase protein expression increased. In conclusion, TSG enhance ATP content and CK activity and inhibit apoptosis in H9c2 cells under hypoxia, and the mechanisms may be related to the regulation of PGC-1α, ERRα, NRF-1, NRF-2, PPARα, and TFAM expression, thus promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Ginsenosides/pharmacology* ; Energy Metabolism/drug effects* ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; Animals ; Rats ; Cell Line ; Cell Hypoxia/drug effects* ; Organelle Biogenesis ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism* ; Humans ; Cell Survival/drug effects*

Objective : To investigate whole genome information of a newly isolatedBifidobacterium animalissubsp. lactic B4 strain from healthy human feces was analyzed and its probiotic properties. Methods : The antimicrobial resistance, hemolytic, gastric acid tolerance and biochemical characteristics of B. animalis B4 were evaluated byin vitroexperiments, and its whole genome was sequentially sequenced and functional annotation was performed by next and three-generation sequencing technology. Results: Whole genome sequencing of B. animalis B4 showed that its genome size was 1 944 146 bp, with GC content of 60.49%, no plasmid, and a total of 1 642 genes. The results ofin vitroanalysis showed that the B. animalis B4 had good probiotic properties, including non-hemolytic and stomach acid resistance. At the same time, the genome results showed that the B. animalis B4 strain did not have toxin and disease-related genes, drug resistance genes were few and the transmission ability was not high, so it had high safety. Gene annotation of KEGG, COG and GO showed that it contained many biological active enzymes, such as β-galactosidase, L-lactate dehydrogenase and other probiotic genes. Conclusion The B. animalis B4 has good probiotic properties, showing excellent safety at the genetic level, with a probiotic gene sequence.

Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)is a complex endocrine disorder that significantly affects the physiological and repro-ductive functions of women,and it has become one of the main causes of infertility in women of childbearing age.The clinical features of POI include amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea,low estrogen or estrogen deficiency,and an increase in the level of gonadotropin.The in-cidence rate of POI tends to increase,yet its etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear.At present,the conventional treatment methods for POI have limited efficacy in fundamentally improving ovarian function or addressing the fertility issue.With the development of re-generative medicine,mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have become one of the research hotspots in POI therapy,and their exosomes have attracted wide attention as a promising"cell-free therapy".A number of animal experimental studies have shown that MSCs and their exosomes can exert a therapeutic effect on POI by affecting granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis,promoting ovarian angiogen-esis,reducing oxidative stress and fibrosis,enhancing follicular development,and regulating immunity.In addition,related clinical studies have also made some progress.This article reviews the mechanisms and clinical effect of MSCs and their exosomes in the treatment of POI,in order to provide a reference for further research and bench-to-bedside translation of POI therapies.

OBJECTIVE To determine the species,quantity,and dispersion patterns of airborne pollen in two districts and five counties of Handan City,Hebei Province.METHODS The gravity sedimentation method was employed from October 1,2023,to September 30,2024,for daily and consecutive pollen exposure slides in two districts(Congtai District and Yongnian District)and five counties(Qiu County,Daming County,Cheng'an County,Cixian County,and She County)of Handan City,Hebei Province.The types of pollen were counted and identified under an optical microscope,and the pollen data were statistically analyzed.RESULTS The annual pollen quantity in the two districts and five counties of Handan City ranged from 24 031 grains/1 000 mm2 to 85 131 grains/1 000 mm2.The dissemination of major allergenic pollen presented two peaks.The first peak occurred in spring(March to April),mainly composed of Platanus(25.15％),Broussonetia(13.61％),Pinus(8.48％);the second peak occurred in(August to September),mainly consisting of Humulus/Cannabis(13.71％)and Artemisia(8.44％).Pollen in spring was significantly higher than that in summer and autumn.CONCLUSION The major allergenic airborne pollen in the two districts and five counties of Handan City exhibited two peaks in spring and summer-autumn,with Platanus pollen,Broussonetia pollen,Pinus pollen,Humulus/Cannabis pollen,and Artemisia pollne being the dominant pollen types.Among them,Platanus pollen was the absolute dominant pollen in this region.

Objective To investigate the serum C-C motif chemokine ligand 27(CCL27)and laminin sub-unit gamma-2(LAMC2)levels and prognostic value before transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT)in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC).Methods A total of 104 patients with NMIBC who underwent primary TURBT at the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from February 2019 to February 2021 were retrospectively selected as the NMIBC group,and another 50 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations at the same hospital during the same period were se-lected as the control group.The levels of serum CCL27 and LAMC2 before TURBT in the two groups were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze the effect of serum CCL27 and LAMC2 before TURBT on the prognosis of NMIBC patients.COX regression was used to analyze the prognostic factors of patients with NMIBC.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the value of serum CCL27 and LAMC2 before TURBT in evaluating the prognosis of NMIBC pa-tients.Results The levels of serum CCL27 and LAMC2 in the NMIBC group before TURBT were higher than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of serum CCL27 and LAMC2 before TURBT in patients with NMIBC at tumor stage T1 and high-grade pathological grade were higher than those in patients with tumor stage Ta/Tis and low-grade pathological grade,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The 3-year progression-free survival rate of patients in the high-level CCL27 group was lower than that in the low-level CCL27 group,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=20.021,P<0.001).The 3-year progression-free survival rate of patients in the high-level LAMC2 group was lower than that in the low-level LAMC2 group,and the difference was statistically signifi-cant(χ2=11.012,P<0.001).Tumor stage T1,high-grade pathological grade,high level of serum CCL27,and high level of serum LAMC2 were risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with NMIBC(P<0.05).The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve and 95%CI of the combined serum CCL27 and LAMC2 before TURBT for the prognosis assessment of NMIBC patients were 0.901(0.881-0.925),which were larger than those of the single detection,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=4.620,4.912,P<0.001).Conclusion The elevated levels of serum CCL27 and LAMC2 before TURBT in NMIBC patients are related to the degree of tumor malignancy,and can serve as prognostic markers for in-dividualized treatment strategies.

Lymphoma is a highly heterogeneous malignancy characterized by complex molecular regulatory mechanisms that result in significant differences in aggressiveness and prognosis across its subtypes.Gene copy number alteration(CNA)analysis,an emerging technology,has become a pivotal tool in the precision re-search and management of lymphoma.By detecting DNA deletions,amplifications,and chromosomal copy number changes,CNA analysis addresses the limitations of traditional cytogenetic techniques,enhances the ac-curacy of subtype classification,and aids in evaluating tumor heterogeneity and disease progression.This re-view provides a comprehensive summary of CNA detection methods and their applications in lymphoma,with a focus on recent advancements in the field.It offers a comparative analysis of CNA detection techniques and discusses their role in precision diagnosis,subtype classification,monitoring disease progression,predicting therapeutic resistance,and assessing prognosis.Additionally,the review explores the potential applications of CNA analysis in uncovering molecular regulatory mechanisms,optimizing therapeutic strategies,and impro-ving patient survival outcomes.