Objective:To identify and validate secreted effector proteins of Chlamydia psittaci ( C. psittaci) through bioinformatic prediction and experimental verification, and to characterize their subcellular localization in host cells. Methods:Potential effector proteins were predicted using bioinformatics tools. Candidate effectors were fused to β-lactamase through the constructed expression vectors, and these vectors were transformed into C. psittaci. The secretion of these candidate effectors was evaluated by β-lactamase translocation assays. Eukaryotic expression vectors of confirmed effectors were transfected into host cells to determine their intracellular localization patterns. Results:Bioinformatic analysis identified 29 candidate effector proteins. Experimental validation confirmed the secretion of five effectors, with four exhibiting cytoplasmic localization and one displaying nuclear localization in host cells.Conclusion:This study characterizes five novel C. psittaci secreted effector proteins, providing critical insights for investigating the molecular pathogenesis of psittacosis.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of value orientation brief therapy(VBT)combined with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs)on clinical symptoms,rumination,decision-making ability,and cognitive func-tion in patients with mild to moderate depression.Methods:Eighty patients meeting the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for mild to moderate depression were randomly assigned to either a medication(SSRIs)group(36 completed)or a VBT combined group(38 completed)for a 6-week intervention.Baseline and post-intervention assessments includ-ed the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxious Scale(HAMA),Ruminative Response Scale-Chi-nese Version(RRS-CV),Iowa Gambling Test(IGT),number of eye fixation(NEF),responsive search score(RSS)in exploratory eye trajectory movement were used to evaluate patients'anxiety and depression symptoms,ru-minative thinking,decision-making function,and cognitive function.Results:The VBT combined group showed sig-nificantly better therapeutic effects than the medication group(P＜0.05).Compared to baseline and the medication group,the VBT combined group had significantly lower post-intervention scores in HAMD,HAMA,symptom rumi-nation,introspective reflection,compulsive meditation,and RRS-CV total scores after intervention(Ps＜0.05),and significantly higher scores in IGT net profit scores,NEF,and RSS scores(Ps＜0.05).Compared with the medica-tion group,the VBT combined group demonstrated a greater reduction in HAMD,HAMA,symptom rumination,in-trospective reflection,compulsive meditation,and RRS-CV total scores before and after intervention(Ps＜0.05),and a larger increase in IGT net profit scores,NEF,and RSS scores(Ps＜0.05).Conclusion:VBT combined with SSRIs effectively improves the symptoms of depression,anxiety,decision-making ability,rumination thinking,and cognitive function in patients with mild to moderate depression.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of value orientation brief therapy(VBT)combined with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs)on clinical symptoms,rumination,decision-making ability,and cognitive func-tion in patients with mild to moderate depression.Methods:Eighty patients meeting the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for mild to moderate depression were randomly assigned to either a medication(SSRIs)group(36 completed)or a VBT combined group(38 completed)for a 6-week intervention.Baseline and post-intervention assessments includ-ed the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxious Scale(HAMA),Ruminative Response Scale-Chi-nese Version(RRS-CV),Iowa Gambling Test(IGT),number of eye fixation(NEF),responsive search score(RSS)in exploratory eye trajectory movement were used to evaluate patients'anxiety and depression symptoms,ru-minative thinking,decision-making function,and cognitive function.Results:The VBT combined group showed sig-nificantly better therapeutic effects than the medication group(P＜0.05).Compared to baseline and the medication group,the VBT combined group had significantly lower post-intervention scores in HAMD,HAMA,symptom rumi-nation,introspective reflection,compulsive meditation,and RRS-CV total scores after intervention(Ps＜0.05),and significantly higher scores in IGT net profit scores,NEF,and RSS scores(Ps＜0.05).Compared with the medica-tion group,the VBT combined group demonstrated a greater reduction in HAMD,HAMA,symptom rumination,in-trospective reflection,compulsive meditation,and RRS-CV total scores before and after intervention(Ps＜0.05),and a larger increase in IGT net profit scores,NEF,and RSS scores(Ps＜0.05).Conclusion:VBT combined with SSRIs effectively improves the symptoms of depression,anxiety,decision-making ability,rumination thinking,and cognitive function in patients with mild to moderate depression.

Objective:To identify and validate secreted effector proteins of Chlamydia psittaci ( C. psittaci) through bioinformatic prediction and experimental verification, and to characterize their subcellular localization in host cells. Methods:Potential effector proteins were predicted using bioinformatics tools. Candidate effectors were fused to β-lactamase through the constructed expression vectors, and these vectors were transformed into C. psittaci. The secretion of these candidate effectors was evaluated by β-lactamase translocation assays. Eukaryotic expression vectors of confirmed effectors were transfected into host cells to determine their intracellular localization patterns. Results:Bioinformatic analysis identified 29 candidate effector proteins. Experimental validation confirmed the secretion of five effectors, with four exhibiting cytoplasmic localization and one displaying nuclear localization in host cells.Conclusion:This study characterizes five novel C. psittaci secreted effector proteins, providing critical insights for investigating the molecular pathogenesis of psittacosis.

Objective:By analyzing visually field of standardized residency training from 2008 to 2018, and exploring the field research hotspots and the frontier trend, to provide direction and reference for the field of standardized residency training in our country.Methods:Using CiteSpace visualized analysis software as a research tool, a statistical analysis was conducted on 1 120 pieces of literature in the field of standardized residency training retrieved from the core database of Web of Science.Results:The research strength of standardized residency training was mainly concentrated in the United States, with a total output of 697 papers, accounting for 62.23% of the total number of articles published in the past decade. High yield author Gillespie C published 8 papers, and highly cited author Aggarwal R's paper was cited 54 times. Acad Med, a highly cited journal, was cited the most frequently, with 470 citations in past 10 years. High frequency key words were "resident", "education", "performance", etc. Mutators included "system", "older adult", "operating room", and so on.Conclusion:The research hotspots in the field of standardized residency training in recent ten years include the teaching of residents, the assessment of clinical ability of residents, the standardized patients, etc. Frontier trends focus on resident self-assessment system, surgical training, resident professional core competences, etc.

Depressive disorder is a common mental disorder.At present, the diagnosis of depressive disorder mainly relies on patients' self-reported symptoms and clinical interviews which are relatively subjective.As one of the new technologies assisting diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of depressive disorder, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has received a lot of attention in recent years.This article reviewed studies of using NIRS in the diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of depressive disorder in the past five years.The review showed that NIRS could reflect abnormal hemodynamic activities of the prefrontal cortex and temporal cortex of patients with depressive disorder, especially the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus.Changes of concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin in these areas showed higher accuracy in assisting the diagnosis of depression disorder.Until now, only a few longitudinal studies utilized NIRS to compare changes of cerebral hemodynamic activities at different time points of treatment which preliminarily confirmed the potential of NIRS in the evaluation of therapeutic effects of depressive disorder.In future, more large-scale studies will be needed to further determine the specific application standards for NIRS in the diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of depressive disorder.

Objective: To explore the hot issues and developing trend of the research of campus bulling,and to provide a reference for the research on campus bullying. Methods: The power of research, high-impact authors, highly cited journals, high-frequency keywords, and burst terms related to school bullying from the Web of Science database were analyzed using CiteSpace software. The data collection time was May 9, 2018. Results: A total of 3 561 literature data were obtained. The results showed that the country with the highest number of publications was the United States; England had the highest centrality and was in a critical position in the research. The University of Turku in Finland was the core research institution. Salmivalli C was the author of the highest publication, Olweus D was the most frequent cited author. The high-impact journal was Aggressive Behavior. In terms of high-frequency keywords, the core vocabulary such as bully, adolescence, and victim were listed. Middle school students were the most frequently studied; in the form of bullying, the frequency of violence, aggression, and cyberbully was more common; depression, mental health and health appeared more frequently in terms of bullying outcomes. Mutant words including school children, bullying, victimization, relational aggression were more common. Conclusion The research hotspots on campus bullying during the past decade include violence, gender, social support, and mental health. Bullying among college students will be a hot research topic in the future. Continued efforts should be carried out in the field of campus bullying in China.

Objective: To construct an evidence-based nursing plan for stroke patients with dysphagia for nursing by searching guidelines and using Delphi method. Methods: The evidence-based nursing plan for stroke patients with dysphagia was constructed by literature review and guideline search. 15 experts from neurology, rehabilitation and nursing were selected to participate in two rounds Delphi consultation. Results: The two-round response rates were 15/15. The expert authority coefficient was 0.877. The coordination coefficients were 0.180, 0.132 and 0.185 (P<0.05). The final plan included 4 first-grade indicators, 14 second-grade indicators and 20 third-grade indicators. Conclusion The evidence-based nursing intervention plan for stroke patients with dysphagia based on Delphi method is reliable, which can provide reference for the rehabilitation nursing of stroke patients with dysphagia.

Objective To investigate the role of adenosine kinase (ADK) small interfering RNA (siRNA) modified corneal endothelial cells on the proliferation and secretion of regulatory T cells (Treg cells).Methods The experiment was divided into transfected group and non-transfected group,FAM-ADK siRNA was transfected into corneal endothelial cells with Lipofectamine 3000 in transfected group,and the average mass concentration of adenosine was detected by high performance liquid chromatography in both groups.The experiment was divided into control group (transfected with control siRNA),rapamycin group (added 10 ng/ml rapamycin to culture supernatant after transfected with control siRNA) and ADK siRNA group (added 10 ng/ml rapamycin to culture supernatant after transfected with ADK siRNA).TUNEL staining was used to detect the proportion of apoptosis.Flow cytometry was used to detect the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin in corneal endothelial cells.The cells were divided into single cultured group (lymphocytes were cultured separately),co-culture group (lymphocytes were co-cultured with corneal endothelial cells) and ADK siRNA group (lymphocytes were co-cultured with ADK siRNA transfected corneal endothelial cells),and the proportion of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3 + Treg cells was detected by flow cytometry,and the content of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the supernatant was detected by ELISA in the three groups.The access and use of clinical specimens was approved by Ethic Committee of Tianjing Taida Hospital (TD201705140901).Results Flow cytometry showed that 95.1％ of the endothelial cells expressed siRNA.The average mass concentration of adenosine in the supernatant of the transfection group was significantly higher than that in the control group ([38.020±6.658] ng/ml vs.[1.663 ±0.581] ng/ml) (t =5.437,P =0.006).TUNEL staining showed that the average apoptotic cell proportion of corneal endothelial cells in the rapamycin group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the average apoptotic cell proportion of corneal endothelial cells in the ADK siRNA group was significantly lower than that in the rapamycin group,with significant differences between them (t =3.763,P =0.020;t =4.405,P =0.012).Flow cytometry showed that the average fluorescence intensities of ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and E-selectin in the ADK siRNA group was weaker than that in the control group (4.060± 1.179 vs.11.600±2.427,3.600 ± 1.234 vs.11.030 ± 2.291,5.223 ± 1.734 vs.24.270 ± 4.332),with significant differences between them (t =2.794,P =0.049;t =2.857,P =0.046;t =4.081,P =0.015).The proportions of Treg cells in the single cultured group,co-culture group and ADK siRNA group was significantly different (F =12.890,P =0.007),and the proportion of Treg cells in the ADK siRNA group was significantly lower than that in the co-culture group (t =3.650,P =0.022).ELISA assay showed that,the contents of IL-10 and TGF-β in the supernatant in the single cultured group,co-culture group and ADK siRNA group were significantly different (F =20.960,P =0.003;F =27.320,P=0.001),and the content of IL-10 and TGF-β in the supernatant in the ADK siRNA group was significantly higher than that in the co-culture group,respectively (t =4.492,P =0.011;t =5.280,P =0.006).Conclusions ADK siRNA modified corneal endothelial cells can induce Treg cells to proliferate and secrete IL-10 and TGF-β,which provides a new method for induction of corneal allograft immune tolerance.

Objective: To evaluate of the specificity of a new norovirus (NoV) detection method of in situ capture real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (ISC-RT-qPCR) and to apply the method for the detection of NoVs in fresh strawberry. Methods: A panel of stool samples with different NoV genotypes and various inoculums were used for the experiments. Results: We found that all the tested samples of eight genogroup Ⅱ (GⅡ) NoVs could be detected specifically by ISC-RT-qPCR. Moreover, in contrast to the conventional RT-qPCR method , the situation that the Ct value increased as the inoculum of NoV GⅡ decreased was not shown using ISC-RT-qPCR. When we tested NoVs in strawberry samples by ISC-RT-qPCR, the minimum test limit could reach 1.36 genocopy/10 g of fresh strawberry. Conclusions ISC-RT-qPCR is an effective and specific technic and it could be applied for the detection of infectious NoVs from stool samples and fresh strawberry samples.