AIM: To observe the preoperative and postoperative clinical efficacy of comprehensive dry eye treatment in cataract patients complicated with diabetes mellitus, with a focus on comparing the differences between the two groups in terms of postoperative dry eye symptoms, tear film function, visual recovery, and complication rates, aiming to provide an effective protocol for the perioperative management and long-term prognosis improvement in this patient population.METHODS:Patients diagnosed with both cataract and diabetes mellitus and presenting with varying degrees of dry eye symptoms, scheduled for cataract surgery at the hospital from May 2023 to December 2024, were enrolled as study subjects. They were divided into two groups using a random number method: the control group received sodium hyaluronate eye drops alone, and the experimental group underwent comprehensive preoperative dry eye treatment(sodium hyaluronate eye drops+warm compress+meibomian gland cleaning and massage+Chinese herbal fumigation+health guidance). Tear film breakup time(BUT), corneal fluorescein staining(FL), Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)score, tear meniscus height(TMH), and non-invasive first tear film breakup time(NIBUT)were compared between the two groups before and after 4 wk of treatment. Meibomian gland loss, tear film lipid layer thickness, and basic ocular symptoms were also assessed.RESULTS:This study included 60 eyes of 60 patients, with a control group of 30 eyes of 30 patients(aged 56.24±10.24 y, 13 males and 17 females)and an experimental group of 30 eyes of 30 patients(aged 58.01±9.79 y, 15 males and 15 females).After 4 wk of preoperative treatment, the BUT in the experimental group increased from 4.09±1.13 s to 10.35±1.46 s, and from 4.15±1.05 s to 8.26±1.36 s in the control group, showing a significant intergroup difference(t=5.737, P<0.001). The FL score in the experimental group decreased from 6.83±0.46 points to 2.86±0.38 points, whereas in the control group it decreased from 6.79±0.39 points to 5.32±0.43 points(t=23.480, P<0.001). After 4 wk of treatment, the NIBUT in the experimental group increased from 5.19±1.12 s to 9.36±1.47 s, compared to an increase from 5.21±1.04 s to 7.18±1.25 s in the control group(t=6.188,P<0.001). The proportion of patients with a thin tear film lipid layer was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group(all P<0.01). Ocular clinical symptoms decreased after treatment in both groups, with the experimental group showing lower scores than the control group(all P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Preoperative comprehensive dry eye treatment can multi-dimensionally improve dry eye symptoms and tear film stability in cataract patients with diabetes mellitus, providing an effective strategy for the perioperative management of cataract patients.

Despite therapy with potent antiviral agents, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients remain at high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While metabolites have been rediscovered as active drivers of biological processes including carcinogenesis, the specific metabolites modulating HCC risk in CHB patients are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that baseline plasma from CHB patients who later developed HCC during follow-up exhibits growth-promoting properties in a case-control design nested within a large-scale, prospective cohort. Metabolomics analysis reveals a reduction in long-chain acylcarnitines (LCACs) in the baseline plasma of patients with HCC development. LCACs preferentially inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells in vitro at a physiological concentration and prevent the occurrence of HCC in vivo without hepatorenal toxicity. Uptake and metabolism of circulating LCACs increase the intracellular level of acetyl coenzyme A, which upregulates histone H3 Lys14 acetylation at the promoter region of KLF6 gene and thereby activates KLF6/p21 pathway. Indeed, blocking LCAC metabolism attenuates the difference in KLF6/p21 expression induced by baseline plasma of HCC/non-HCC patients. The deficiency of circulating LCACs represents a driver of HCC in CHB patients with viral control. These insights provide a promising direction for developing therapeutic strategies to reduce HCC risk further in the antiviral era.

Objective The study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy versus pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy as first-line treatments for advanced lung squa-mous cell carcinoma.Methods We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the medical records of 116 patients with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma treated with first-line chemotherapy plus tislelizumab or pembrolizumab in Guangzhou Chest Hospital from September 2020 to April 2024.We focused on analysis of time to treatment failure(TTF)and objective response rate(ORR)as well as disease control rate(DCR)and treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs).Results At a median follow up of 19.7 monyhs,the median TTF was 9.7 months in the tislelizumab group and 7.7 months in the pembrolizumab group(P<0.05).In addition,the ORR in the tislelizumab group was significantly higher than that in the pembrolizumab group(77.6%vs.60.3%,P<0.05),with DCRs of 93.1%and 87.9%,respectively(P=0.342).Regarding safety,the proportions of grade 3 or higher TRAEs and any-grade TRAEs were comparable between the two groups:29.3%and 81.0%in the tislelizumab group,and 32.8%and 87.9%in the pembrolizumab group,respectively.The most common TRAEs in both groups were hematological toxicities.Conclusions Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy demonstrated better efficacy and safety compared to pembrolizumab with chemotherapy as first-line treatment for Chinese patients with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective The study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy versus pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy as first-line treatments for advanced lung squa-mous cell carcinoma.Methods We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the medical records of 116 patients with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma treated with first-line chemotherapy plus tislelizumab or pembrolizumab in Guangzhou Chest Hospital from September 2020 to April 2024.We focused on analysis of time to treatment failure(TTF)and objective response rate(ORR)as well as disease control rate(DCR)and treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs).Results At a median follow up of 19.7 monyhs,the median TTF was 9.7 months in the tislelizumab group and 7.7 months in the pembrolizumab group(P<0.05).In addition,the ORR in the tislelizumab group was significantly higher than that in the pembrolizumab group(77.6%vs.60.3%,P<0.05),with DCRs of 93.1%and 87.9%,respectively(P=0.342).Regarding safety,the proportions of grade 3 or higher TRAEs and any-grade TRAEs were comparable between the two groups:29.3%and 81.0%in the tislelizumab group,and 32.8%and 87.9%in the pembrolizumab group,respectively.The most common TRAEs in both groups were hematological toxicities.Conclusions Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy demonstrated better efficacy and safety compared to pembrolizumab with chemotherapy as first-line treatment for Chinese patients with advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective:To evaluate the quantitative diagnostic value of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) in health checkup groups with asymptomatic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Methods:A multicenter prospective study was conducted among Chinese individuals undergoing regular health checkups; a total of 173 subjects were investigated. Human body indexes such as height, weight, and blood pressure were measured, and complete blood count, liver function, blood lipid, FibroScan, and MRI-PDFF examinations were performed. Correlation between MRI-PDFF and CAP was described using Spearman′s and Pearson′s coefficients. Diagnostic efficacy of the CAP was evaluated using the subject work characteristic curve and the area under this curve, and the optimal cut-off value was determined according to the Youden index.Results:The average age and body mass index of the subjects were 45.0±10.5 years and 25.8±4.0 kg/m 2, respectively. A linear correlation was found between CAP and lg transformed magnetic resonance imaging-based proton density fat fraction results (Pearson′s coefficient 0.772, P<0.001). When optimized for ≥90% sensitivity, the CAP cutoff for staging ≥S1 steatosis was 244 dB/m. Conclusions:The CAP result was significantly correlated with the liver fat fraction measured by MRI-PDFF, and capable of differentiating steatosis grades. CAP can be used as a tool for screening fatty liver in health checkup groups.

Objective To accurately assess the condition of trauma patients at the emergency department (ED),the risk factors of in-hospital death were explored. Methods A total of 86 emergency trauma patients were retrospectively investigated. They were divided into survival and non-survival groups,in the First Hospital of China Medical University,from August 2016 to February 2017. Clinical parameters,such as sex,age,heart rate,oxygen saturation,mean arterial pressure,white blood cell count,serum creatinine,urea nitrogen, prothrombin time,activated partial thromboplastin time,hemoglobin,platelet count,serum albumin,fibrinogen,glutamic-pyruvic,total bilirubin,Glasgow coma scale (GCS),sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score,and injury severity score were evaluated and recorded. The parameters which were significantly different (P < 0. 1) between the two groups were analyzed using the logistic regression analysis to determine the independent risk factors of death at the ED. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were drawn to evaluate their prognostic abilities. Results GCS and SOFA score were the independent risk factors of in-hospital death in trauma patients (P < 0. 05). Conclusion Organ function,especially that of the brain,is closely related to the prognosis of adult trauma patients.

Objective To analyze the effects of valproic acid(VPA),a histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitor,on macrophage polarization in?duced by paraquat(PQ)or lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Methods Mouse RAW264.7 cells were cultured at 37℃with 5%CO2,passaged,and then given one of the following treatments:(1)PQ;(2)PQ+VPA(classⅠandⅡa HDAC inhibitor);(3)PQ+apicidin(classⅠHDAC inhibitor);(4)PQ+MC1568(classⅡa HDAC inhibitor);(5)LPS;(6)LPS+VPA;(7)LPS+apicidin;(8)LPS+MC1568. The cells and culture supernatants were harvested after 8 h of treatment. RT?PCR,ELISA,and flow cytometry were conducted to assess the expression levels of macrophage phenotyp?ic markers. Results Both PQ and LPS skewed the macrophage functional polarity toward proinflammatory phenotype. VPA,apicidin,and MC1568 all inhibited PQ?and LPS?induced macrophages polarizing toward pro?inflammatory phenotype ,but the inhibitory effects were different in some ways. Conclusion VPA inhibits the proinflammatory function of macrophages induced by PQ and LPS ,but the effect of VPA on PQ?and LPS?induced macrophages has its own characteristics.

Objective To develop a predictive model for pulmonary embolism(PE)based on the related clinical symptoms,signs,and the labo-ratory index,so as to improve the positive rate of CTPA. Methods The model was developed from a database of 119 patients with suspected PE. The risk factors of suspected PE were analyzed by logistic regression analysis ,which included significant differences in the prevalence of PE be-tween non-diseased and non-diseased groups. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves was draw to determine the cut-off value of the clini-cal probability. It was validated in an independent sample of 106 patients with suspected PE. Results According to the univariate analysis ,17 of 51 variables show a significant difference between PE and non-PE patients. The model comprised 4 variables:age,dyspnea,D-dimer and unilater-al leg swelling. The area under the ROC curve is 0.776,and the cut-off value is supposed to be 0.38. In the validation sample,27% patients had PE confirmed by CTPA. The prevalence of PE was 54%when the clinical probability was above 0.38. Conclusion The proposed predictive mod-el in this study can improve the positive rate of CTPA ,simplify the diagnosis process of suspected PE patients.