The morbidity of gout is increasing year by year,and it has become a common and frequent disease.Once induced,the pain will reach its peak within 24 hours,which leading unsufferable pain to the patients.Buccal needling is a new micro-needling therapy created by Professor WANG Yongzhou's team,which was discovered and summarized in clinical practice of acupuncture after years of research.Buccal needling exerts certain efficacy in the treatment of acute gout.The progress of gout is related to the three levels of"body,qi and spirit".This paper discusses buccal needling in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis from the view of biological holographic theory,generalized triple energizer theory,and the theory of the integration of spirit and body,thus to provide certain reference for the further development of buccal needling in the treatment of pain-related diseases.

BACKGROUND:The treatment of diseases with traditional Chinese medicine is a complex multi-target regulatory process.It is of great significance to explore the multi-target integration effect of traditional Chinese medicine by combining technologies from multiple fields such as artificial intelligence,single-cell transcriptomics,spatial transcriptomics,and bioinformatics.OBJECTIVE:To propose a novel analytical prediction method for potential mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicines,which is different from network pharmacology,based on artificial intelligence and omics data driven,with an example of exploring the potential mechanisms of Dachaihu Decoction for treating hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.METHODS:(1)The pharmacodynamic protein targets of the constituent drugs of Dachaihu Decoction were collected through TCMSP database,and the disease targets of hyperlipidemia were obtained in Genecards,NCBI,and TTD.(2)The single-cell transcriptome samples of hyperlipidemia(the first set of single-cell data samples from aortic valves of wild-type,Apoe knockout,and Ldlr knockout mice;the second set of single-cell data samples from Ldlr knockout mice fed with high cholesterol versus normal feeding)and spatial transcriptome samples from human coronary atherosclerosis tissue sections were obtained from the GEO database.A deep neural network autoencoder model was developed to encode the transcriptome sequencing data,and the integrated coded values(MTIS)were mapped to the single-cell level and spatial organization level using single-cell transcriptome and spatial transcriptome technologies for comparative statistical analyses of the samples and identification of the main effector cells and effector genes.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There were significant differences in the data morphology and statistics of MTIS between wildtype and Apoe-knockout mice treated with Dachaihu Decoction(P＜0.000 1),as well as between wildtype and Ldlr-knockout mice treated with Dachaihu Decoction(P＜0.000 1).(2)The main effector cells of Dachaihu Decoction in Apoe-knockout mice were aortic valve stromal cells,while the main effector cells in Ldlr-knockout mice were white blood cells,fibroblasts,and vascular endothelial cells.Except for Ldlr and Apoe,the main effector genes are Vcam1,Fn1,and Mmp2.(3)There were statistically significant differences(P＜0.000 1)in MTIS between high cholesterol fed samples and normal fed samples of Ldlr-knockout mice treated with Dachaihu Decoction.The main effector cells were macrophages,and the main effector genes were Fn1,F7,Ptgs1,IL6 and App.(4)The spatial transcriptome comparisons of MTIS in human coronary artery slices showed that high MTIS value cells appeared to be distributed in both blood vessels and atherosclerotic plaque areas,while low MTIS value cells appeared to be mainly concentrated in the endothelial cells and atherosclerotic plaque areas.To conclude,this new analytical method achieves quantitative analysis of the multi-target integration effects of traditional Chinese medicine at the single-cell level and organ spatial tissue level,which is used to explore the potential mechanism of Dachaihu Decoction in treating hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND:The treatment of diseases with traditional Chinese medicine is a complex multi-target regulatory process.It is of great significance to explore the multi-target integration effect of traditional Chinese medicine by combining technologies from multiple fields such as artificial intelligence,single-cell transcriptomics,spatial transcriptomics,and bioinformatics.OBJECTIVE:To propose a novel analytical prediction method for potential mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicines,which is different from network pharmacology,based on artificial intelligence and omics data driven,with an example of exploring the potential mechanisms of Dachaihu Decoction for treating hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.METHODS:(1)The pharmacodynamic protein targets of the constituent drugs of Dachaihu Decoction were collected through TCMSP database,and the disease targets of hyperlipidemia were obtained in Genecards,NCBI,and TTD.(2)The single-cell transcriptome samples of hyperlipidemia(the first set of single-cell data samples from aortic valves of wild-type,Apoe knockout,and Ldlr knockout mice;the second set of single-cell data samples from Ldlr knockout mice fed with high cholesterol versus normal feeding)and spatial transcriptome samples from human coronary atherosclerosis tissue sections were obtained from the GEO database.A deep neural network autoencoder model was developed to encode the transcriptome sequencing data,and the integrated coded values(MTIS)were mapped to the single-cell level and spatial organization level using single-cell transcriptome and spatial transcriptome technologies for comparative statistical analyses of the samples and identification of the main effector cells and effector genes.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There were significant differences in the data morphology and statistics of MTIS between wildtype and Apoe-knockout mice treated with Dachaihu Decoction(P＜0.000 1),as well as between wildtype and Ldlr-knockout mice treated with Dachaihu Decoction(P＜0.000 1).(2)The main effector cells of Dachaihu Decoction in Apoe-knockout mice were aortic valve stromal cells,while the main effector cells in Ldlr-knockout mice were white blood cells,fibroblasts,and vascular endothelial cells.Except for Ldlr and Apoe,the main effector genes are Vcam1,Fn1,and Mmp2.(3)There were statistically significant differences(P＜0.000 1)in MTIS between high cholesterol fed samples and normal fed samples of Ldlr-knockout mice treated with Dachaihu Decoction.The main effector cells were macrophages,and the main effector genes were Fn1,F7,Ptgs1,IL6 and App.(4)The spatial transcriptome comparisons of MTIS in human coronary artery slices showed that high MTIS value cells appeared to be distributed in both blood vessels and atherosclerotic plaque areas,while low MTIS value cells appeared to be mainly concentrated in the endothelial cells and atherosclerotic plaque areas.To conclude,this new analytical method achieves quantitative analysis of the multi-target integration effects of traditional Chinese medicine at the single-cell level and organ spatial tissue level,which is used to explore the potential mechanism of Dachaihu Decoction in treating hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.

Objective: To investigate the current status and relationship between loneliness and negative emotional symptoms among first generation college students in the family, so as to provide reference for improving mental health of this population. Methods: A convenience sampling method was used to select 3 017 college students from 10 colleges and universities in Guangdong Province and Yunnan Province, China, in May 2023. Questionnaires were administered to the students, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the short form of the University of California at Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (ULS-6) were employed. Results: The total ULS-6 score of first generation college students in the family was (12.38±4.16), while the score of non first generation college students in the family was (11.89±4.38), with a statistically significant difference ( t=2.79, P <0.05). The total DASS-21 score of first generation college students in the family was (71.13±26.97), while the score of non first generation college students in the family was (70.20±26.66), with a statistically significant difference ( t=2.69, P <0.05). Among the first generation college students in the family, male students experienced more DASS-21 score (77.55±29.36) than female students (70.43±25.03)( t =5.79, P <0.05). Urban students (12.00±4.15, 70.34±25.68) reported lower levels of loneliness score and DASS- 21 score than rural students (12.62±4.15, 74.93±27.63), and the depression subscale scores showed statistically significant differences among students with different professional achievement rankings ( t/F =-3.42, -3.94, 4.25, P <0.05). There was a positive correlation between loneliness, depression, anxiety, pressure and DASS-21 scales of first generation college students in the family ( r=0.64, 0.62, 0.64, 0.66, P <0.01). The linear regression analysis results showed a positive correlation between loneliness and all dimensions and total scores of the DASS-21, explaining 44% of the variance in negative emotional symptoms. Conclusions A positive correlation is found between loneliness and negative emotional symptoms among first generation college students in the family. Improving the loneliness of the first generation college students in the family can reduce their negative emotional symptoms and improve their mental health level.

Objective:To examine the burden and trends of acute viral hepatitis in Guangdong Province from 1990 to 2019, and provide reference evidences for hepatitis prevention and control in the province.Methods:Data on acute viral hepatitis (hepatitis A, B, C, and E) in Guangdong from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database. The incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) data were analyzed by age and gender, and the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to describe the changing trends in disease burden.Results:From 1999 to 2019, the standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY of acute viral hepatitis in Guangdong were higher than the national averages. In 2019, 51.43% (2 245 087/4 365 221) of acute viral hepatitis cases in Guangdong Province were mainly attributed to hepatitis B, and 77.18% (106/138) of deaths were due to acute hepatitis B. In different age groups, except for acute hepatitis B, which was more common in adults, the incidence rates of other types of viral hepatitis such as hepatitis A, B, and E showed an overall decreasing trend with age. The mortality rates of different types of acute viral hepatitis, except for the <5 age group, increased with age. The overall incidence and mortality rates of acute viral hepatitis were higher in men than in women.Conclusions:The overall burden of acute viral hepatitis in Guangdong declined in 2019, but remained higher than the national level. Further efforts are needed to strengthen hepatitis prevention and screening in different population in Guangdong Province, especially in children and the elderly.

Objective To explore the composition principles of prescriptions for simple obesity based on the analysis of medical literature issued in recently 30 years about Chinese medicine for simple obesity. Methods We collected literature of Chinese medicine in treating simple obesity from VIP, CNKI, Wanfang, CBM and CMCC/CMCI databases, and screened out the formulas for simple obesity to establish a formula database. And then the medication rules were figured out with the Traditional Chinese medicine Inheritance Support System version 2.5 (TCMISS 2.5) software. Results A total of 57 formulas were screened out. And the top 10 herbs with highest occurrence frequency in the prescriptions were Poria, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Rhizoma Alismatis, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Fructus Crataegi, Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Folium Nelumbinis, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Semen Cassiae. After data mining, we got 13 high-frequency herb-pair combinations and 31 core combinations, and 8 new prescriptions were extracted. Conclusion The research has achieved the quantitative description of the relationship between the Chinese medicines, the extraction of the core combinations and the discovery of new Chinese medicine prescriptions for simple obesity. The results will provide references for the development of new Chinese medicines for the treatment of simple obesity .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of blood glucose instability on respiratory burst of leukocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

METHODSForty-five patients with T2DM were divided into 3 groups after continuous glucose monitoring for 72 h with glucose wavy coefficient <1.5 (n=11), between 1.5 and 3.0 (n=19), and >3.0 (n=15). Peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated from the diabetic patients and normal control subjects for assay of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) with a spectrophotometric method, detecting G6PD mRNA expression by real-time PCR, and determining reactive oxygen species level using the fluorescent probe DCFH-DA.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the diabetic patients showed significantly lowered G6PD activity (F=78.739, P<0.05) and ROS level (F=384.962, P<0.05) but significantly increased G6PD mRNA expression (F=269.612, P<0.01). These changes were significantly correlated with the blood glucose wavy coefficients.

CONCLUSIONThe fluctuation of blood glucose in T2DM patients can decrease G6PD activity and lead to functional decline of the respiratory burst.

Blood Glucose ; chemistry ; Case-Control Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; metabolism ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neutrophils ; metabolism ; Pentose Phosphate Pathway ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Respiratory Burst

A novel method for the detection of moroxydine ( ABOB) residue in tomatoes was developed based on the enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of CdTe quantum dots( QDs) in the presence of ABOB. The factors influencing the performance of the QDs fluorescent probes were investigated, and the optimum conditions were determined:the concentration of mercaptoacidic acid ( TGA) capped-CdTe quantum dot was 1×10-4 mol/L, and the reaction time was 20 min at pH=5. 6. Under the optimum conditions, the relative fluorescence intensity increases linearly proportional to the ABOB concentration in the range of 1. 0×10-12-5. 0×10-10 mol/L with a limit of detection of 5. 2×10-13 mol/L, R=0. 9981, the recovery was 97%-106%, without obvious interference on the determinations of moroxydine from the common coexisting ions, antibiotics, and vitamins. The proposed method has been successfully applied in the detection of trace moroxydine hydrochloride residue in tomatoes.

Objective To determine the effects of glucose concentration on G 6PD activity and respiratory burst of normal hu-man′s neutrophils in vitro .Methods Normal human′s neutrophils were cultured in different glucose concentration for 8 hours ,as-sayed G6PD activity by spectrophotometric method and determining ROS content by fluorescent probe DCFH-DA .Results G6PD activity and ROS of 15 mmol/L group and 25 mmol/L group were significant lower than before ,when the 5 mmol/L group and L-GLU group didn′t have significant change with time goes by .And G6PD activity and ROS of 25 mmol/L group were the lowest in all groups(P<0 .01) .Conclusion High glucose may induce G6PD activity decreased and cause respiratory burst dysfunction as a stimulating factor .The stimulation intensity was increased with the increase of glucose concentration .It′s the probable mechanism on susceptibility to infections in patients with diabetes mediated by dysfunction of respiratory burst in leucocyte .

OBJECTIVETo observe the changes in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity, cAMP and respiratory burst function in THP-1 cells exposed to high glucose and identify the possible signaling pathways to mediate these changes.

METHODSTHP-1 cells were treated with high glucose, high glucose plus the PKA inhibitor (PKI), or normal glucose plus Forskolin. The changes in the G6PD activity and cAMP in the exposed cells were assayed using the spectrophotometric method, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in the cell culture was determined using the fluorescent probe DCFH-DA. Western blotting was employed to examine the expression of phosphorylated p47(phox) in the cells.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control cells, the cells exposed to high glucose and to normal glucose and Forskolin showed a significantly lowered G6PD activity, ROS content and expression of phosphorylated p47(phox), but with a increased cAMP content (P<0.01). High glucose exposure in the presence of PKI caused no significant changes in G6PD activity, ROS level, phosphorylated p47(phox) or cAMP compared to those in the normal control cells (P>0.01).

CONCLUSIONHigh glucose causes inhibition of G6PD activity in THP-1 cells via activation of PKA and thus leads to respiratory burst dysfunction, which is the probable mechanism underlying the lowered leucocyte function and susceptibility to infections in diabetic patients.

Cell Line ; Cyclic AMP ; metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Glucose ; adverse effects ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Humans ; Phosphorylation ; Respiratory Burst ; drug effects ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects