BACKGROUND: Research has indicated that the disease burden of alopecia areata (AA) in China exceeds the global average. Therefore, accurate and updated epidemiological information is crucial for policymakers. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively assess the disease burden of AA in China. METHODS: The following four key indicators were utilized: the prevalence of cases; disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs); the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR); and the age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) of AA according to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2021. We analyzed the epidemiological burden of AA in China during 2021, examined changes between 1990 and 2021, and performed a Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis to predict trends over the course of the next decade (2022-2030). Additionally, a Gaussian process regression model was applied to estimate the relationship between the gross domestic product (GDP) and the ASPR and ASDR of AA at the provincial level between 1992 and 2021. RESULTS: In 2021, the estimated number of patients with AA in China was approximately 3.49 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 3.37-3.62 million); of these patients, 1.20 million (95% UI, 1.16-1.25 million) were male and 2.29 million (95% UI, 2.20-2.37 million) were female. This large number of patients with AA resulted in a total of 114,431.25 DALYs (95% UI, 74,780.27-160,318.96 DALYs). Additionally, the ASPR and ASDR were 224.61 per 100,000 population (95% UI, 216.73-232.65 per 100,000 population) and 7.41 per 100,000 population (95% UI, 4.85-10.44 per 100,000 population), respectively; both of these rates were higher than the global averages. The most affected demographic groups were young and female individuals 25-39 years of age. Slight regional disparities were observed, with the northern and central regions of China bearing comparatively higher burdens. Between 1990 and 2021, the health loss and disease burden caused by AA in China remained relatively stable. The ASPR and ASDR of AA increased with the GDP when the annual GDP was less than 2 trillion Chinese yuan; however, a downward trend was observed as the GDP surpassed 2 trillion Chinese yuan. A slight upward trend in the disease burden of AA in China is predicted to occur over the next decade. CONCLUSIONS AA continues to be a public health concern in China that shows no signs of declining. Targeted efforts for young individuals and females are necessary because they experience a disproportionately high burden of AA.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Alopecia Areata/epidemiology* ; Global Burden of Disease ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Bayes Theorem ; Child ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Child, Preschool

Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) have emerged as a promising modality in precision oncology, enabling targeted delivery of cytotoxic payloads while minimizing off-target toxicity. The integration of covalent warheads, such as those based on sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) chemistry, enhances drug-target residence time and tumor accumulation. However, existing screening methods for covalent peptide (CP) libraries require post-translational warhead conjugation, limiting throughput. Here, we present an integrated mRNA display platform that incorporates covalent warheads during ribosomal synthesis, enabling efficient screening of ultra-diverse covalent macrocyclic peptide libraries (>10¹³ variants). This approach, using site-specific incorporation of N-chloroacetyl-d-phenylalanine and fluorosulfate-l-tyrosine, accelerated the discovery of irreversibly binding (K _i = 3.58 μmol/L) Nectin-4-targeting peptide CP-N1-N₃ via proximity-triggered SuFEx. The peptide was further conjugated to cytotoxic payloads, yielding the covalent PDC CP-N1-MMAE with potent cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ ≈ 43 nmol/L) against MDA-MB-468 cells. This platform establishes a new paradigm for precision covalent drug discovery.

Objective:To observe the effects of Yiyuan moxibustion on bladder function and antioxidant level of spinal cord tissues in rats with urinary retention after spinal cord injury (SCI); To explore the mechanism of inhibition of ferroptosis in spinal cord neurons after SCI by Yiyuan moxibustion.Methods:Wistar female rats were divided into sham-operation group, model group, and Yiyuan moxibustion group according to random number table method, with 12 rats in each group. The modified Allen′s vertical percussion method was used to construct the model of urinary retention after SCI in T10 segment. The rats in the Yiyuan moxibustion group were moxibued at the Zhongji acupoint, Guanyuan acupoint, and Shenque acupoint for 20 min per day, and the intervention was continued for 2 weeks. Urodynamic test was used to observe the degree of urinary retention in rats; HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of the injured spinal cord tissues; transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the mitochondrial ultrastructure of the spinal cord tissues; ferric ion kit was used to detect the ferric ion content of the spinal cord tissues; ELISA was used to detect the GSH and MDA contents of the spinal cord tissues of the rats; Western blot was used to measure the relative expressions of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) proteins in rat spinal cord tissue.Results:Compared with the model group, the basal and leakage point pressures of the bladder, and bladder compliance were significantly reduced in the Yiyuan moxibustion group ( P<0.05); the spinal cord tissue structure was restored and mitochondrial morphology improved; the levels of iron ions and MDA in spinal cord tissue decreased ( P<0.05), while the level of GSH increased ( P<0.05), and the relative expressions of GPX4 and SLC7A11 proteins increased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Yiyuan moxibustion can improve bladder function in rats with urinary retention after SCI, and the mechanism may involve the initiation of antioxidant defense and reduction of lipid peroxidation in spinal cord neuronal cells, thus preventing the occurrence of ferroptosis and achieving the protection of neuronal cells.

Objective To construct and validate a risk predictive model for fatigue in soldiers during long voyage based on sleep,mood and constitution.Methods One thousand soldiers during long voyage were selected as research objects by random cluster sampling.The fatigue scale-14(FS-14),Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),self-rating depression scale(SDS),and TCM constitution scale were used to assess the occurrence of fatigue and its influence factors.Logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to screen variables,and the prediction nomogram model was constructed based on the risk factors of fatigue.The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve(AUC),calibration curve,Hosmer-Lemeshow test and decision curve were used for internal validation and predictive efficacy assessment.Results A total of 935 effective scales were collected,with an effective rate of 93.5%.Excluding 306 soldiers who were already fatigued before voyage,the fatigue incidence rate of 629 soldiers after 15 days and 30 days of voyage were 26.39%and 42.13%,respectively.The total score of FS-14 and the scores of physical fatigue and mental fatigue were significantly proportional to the voyage time(P<0.01).Eight variables including Qi-deficiency,Yang-deficiency,Yin-deficiency,Qi-stagnation,Special-constitution,anxiety,depression,and sleep disorder might be the independent risk factors for the occurrence of fatigue 30 days after voyage.A nomogram model was established according to the selected variables,and the AUC of the model was 0.828(95%CI:0.797-0.858).Calibration curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the goodness of fit of the model was good(χ2=15.384,P=0.052).Decision curve showed that the model had a positive net benefit when the threshold probability was 10%-95%.Conclusion The predictive model for fatigue in soldiers during long voyage has good predictive accuracy and efficiency.It is an effective assessment tool for screening high-risk cases of fatigue and implementing preventive interventions in soldiers during long voyage.

Objective A competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network associated with long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) specific for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) was constructed based on bioinformatics methods, and the functional mechanism of actinfilament-associated protein 1-antisense RNA1 (AFAP1-AS1) in LUAD was analyzed, in order to provide a new direction for the study of LUAD therapeutic targets. Methods The gene chip of LUAD was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and lncRNA and mRNA with differential expression between LUAD and normal tissues were screened using GEO2R online software, and their target genes were predicted by online databases to construct ceRNA networks and perform enrichment analysis. In cell experiments, AFAP1-AS1 was genetically knocked down and siRNA was constructed and transfected into LUAD cells A549 by cell transfection. CCK8, transwell, scratch assay and flow cytometry were used to detect the ability of cells to proliferate, invade, migrate and apoptosis. Results A total of 6 differentially expressed lncRNA and 494 differentially expressed mRNA were identified in the microarray of LUAD. The ceRNA network involved a total of 6 lncRNA, 22 miRNA, and 55 mRNA. Enrichment analysis revealed that mRNA was associated with cancer-related pathways. In cell assays, knockdown of AFAP1-AS1 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and AFAP1-AS1 promoted apoptosis. Conclusion In this study, we construct a lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network, which may help to further investigate the mechanism of action of LUAD. In addition, through cellular experiments, AFAP1-AS1 is found to have potential as a therapeutic target for LUAD.

ObjectiveTo explore the effectiveness and safety of Yiqi Huoxue Formula （益气活血方， YHF） in the adjuvant treatment of chronic pulmonary heart disease （CPHD） and heart failure （HF）with qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern. MethodsOne hundred and twenty patients with CPHD and HF with qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern were allocated randomly into treatment group and control group， with 60 case in each group. The control group was given conventional basic western medicine， while the treatment group was given oral administration of YHF granules in addition， one dose per day. The treatment course for both groups was 8 weeks. The TCM symptom scores， Minnesota Life Quality Scale （MLHF-Q） scores， echocardiographic indicators including right ventricular end-diastolic diameter （RVEDD）， left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVEDD）， left atrial end-diastolic diameter （LAEDD） and pulmonary artery mean pressure （PAMP）， six-minute walking distance （6MWD）， and plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide （NT-ProBNP） level were compared between the groups. The effectiveness regarding cardiac function and TCM syndromes were compared between the two groups after treatment， and the occurrence of adverse events was observed. ResultsWith two drop-outs both in the treatment group and control group， and 58 cases in each group were included in the outcome analysis. The total effective rate regarding cardiac function and TCM syndromes in the treatment group were 91.38% （53/58） and 96.55% （56/58）， respectively， significantly higher than the corresponding 70.69% （41/58） and 48.27% （28/58） in the control group （P＜0.05）. After treatment， the TCM symptom scores and RVEDD level were significantly reduced in the treatment group， and MLHF-Q score， plasma NT-ProBNP level and PAMP level decreased significantly， while 6MWD increased in both groups （P＜0.01）. Compared to those in the control group， the TCM symptom scores， MLHF-Q score， plasma NT-ProBNP level and PAMP level significantly decreased， while 6MWD increased in the treatment group （P＜0.01）. There were no obvious abnormalities in the blood， urine， stool routine and liver and kidney function indicators in both groups. One adverse reaction each occurred in both groups， and there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rates（P＞0.05）. ConclusionYHF combined with conventional western medicine can significantly improve the clinical efficacy， improve the clinical symptoms and cardiac function， increase the quality of life and exercise tolerance， and is relatively safe.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of extract of ginkgo biloba (EGB) on mitochondrial autophagy in breast cancer cells MCF-7.Methods:Breast cancer MCF-7 cells were divided into four groups. EGB with mass concentrations of 40, 80, 120 mg/L was used to incubate breast cancer MCF-7 cells for 24 h or 48 h, as a low concentration group of EGB, a medium concentration group of EGB, and a high concentration group of EGB. Breast cancer MCF-7 cells without intervention were taken as control group. Cell proliferation was measured using MTT assay; Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis; Immunofluorescence assay was used to determine the contents of prostacyclin (P62), microtubule-associated protein light chain 3Ⅱ (LC3Ⅱ), and caspase-3; The levels of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) were identified by PCR; Western blotting was used to detect the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p-ERK, and p-MAPK proteins in cells.Results:The results of MTT assay for cell proliferation showed that cell proliferation at 24 h in control group, EGB low, medium and high concentration groups were 0.95±0.14, 0.65±0.09, 0.51±0.07, 0.37±0.04, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=43.13, P<0.001), cell proliferation at 48 h were 1.32±0.19, 0.54±0.08, 0.32±0.05, 0.15±0.02, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=141.30, P<0.001). Compared with 24 h, cell proliferation was decreased in EGB low, medium and high concentration groups at 48 h (all P<0.05). Pairwise comparison showed that EGB treatment significantly decreased MCF-7 cell viability and cell proliferation was decreased in turn at 24 and 48 h in control group, low, medium, high EGB groups (all P<0.05). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the apoptosis rates of MCF-7 cells in control group, EGB low, medium and high concentration groups were 2.12%±0.23%, 9.28%±0.45%, 15.17%±1.28% and 22.21%±2.32%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=128.80, P<0.001). Pairwise comparison showed that the apoptosis rate of control group, EGB low, medium and high concentration groups were increased in turn (all P<0.05). The results of immunofluorescence assay showed that the protein relative expression levels of P62 protein in MCF-7 cells of control group, EGB low, medium and high concentration groups were 3.34±0.52, 2.85±0.47, 2.02±0.18 and 1.08±0.21, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=41.55, P<0.001). LC3Ⅱ protein relative expression levels were 0.24±0.05, 1.02±0.14, 1.47±0.26, 1.95±0.21, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=94.82, P<0.001). The relative expression levels of caspase-3 protein were 0.25±0.03, 0.68±0.21, 1.12±0.17 and 1.65±0.23, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=68.09, P<0.001). Pairwise comparison showed that LC3Ⅱ and caspase-3 protein expression levels were increased in turn in control group, EGB low, medium and high concentration groups, while P62 protein expression levels were decreased in turn (all P<0.05). The PCR experiment results showed that the MRP1 mRNA level of MCF-7 cells in control group, EGB low, medium and high concentration groups were 1.06±0.14, 0.83±0.18, 0.71±0.11, 0.52±0.08, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=17.41, P<0.001). The mRNA levels of MDR1 were 1.14±0.17, 0.75±0.13, 0.60±0.09, 0.48±0.06, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=34.40, P<0.001). BCRP mRNA levels were 1.09±0.11, 0.88±0.13, 0.69±0.07, 0.57±0.05, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=34.13, P<0.001). Pairwise comparison showed that the levels of MRP1, MDR1 and BCRP mRNA were decreased in turn in control group, EGB low, medium and high concentration groups (all P<0.05). The results of Western blotting showed that the expression of ERK in MCF-7 cells in control group, EGB low, medium and high concentration groups were 2.54±0.38, 1.89±0.25, 1.55±0.21, 1.12±0.16, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=31.18, P<0.001). MAPK expression were 2.47±0.34, 1.96±0.29, 1.63±0.27, 1.20±0.24, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=20.90, P<0.001). p-ERK expression were 2.03±0.29, 1.74±0.21, 1.45±0.11, 1.18±0.24, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=16.31, P<0.001). p-MAPK expression were 2.26±0.47, 1.90±0.41, 1.61±0.33, 1.35±0.16, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( F=7.01, P=0.002). Pairwise comparison showed that the expressions of ERK, MAPK, p-ERK and p-MAPK in control group, EGB low, medium and high concentration groups were decreased in turn (all P<0.05) . Conclusion:EGB can inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells, promote the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells, decrease the expression of P62 protein, increase the expression of LC3Ⅱ and caspase-3 protein, induce mitochondrial autophagy.

Objective To explore the correlation of serum Chemerin level with disease activity and the ratio of T helper 17/regulatory T cells(Th17/Treg)in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods A total of 180 patients with RA who were admitted to our hospital were regarded as the observation group.According to the DAS28 score,the observation group was divided into the high activity group(60 cases),the moderate activity group(60 cases)and the low activity group(60 cases).Another 180 healthy people who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were regarded as the control group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect serum levels of Chemerin,interleukin-9(IL-9),interleukin-10(IL-10)and interleukin-17(IL-17).Flow cytometry was used to detect the Th17/Treg ratio.Spearman correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between serum Chemerin level and DAS28 score.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum Chemerin level and Th17,Treg cell percentage and Th17/Treg ratio.Results The results of this study showed that the serum level of Chemerin was higher in the observation group than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The serum Chemerin level was positively correlated with DAS28 score(P＜0.05).Serum Chemerin levels and DAS28 scores decreased in turn in the high,moderate and low activity groups(P＜0.05).The percentage of Th17 cells and the ratio of Th17/Treg were higher in the observation group than those in the control group,and the percentage of Treg cells was lower in the observation group than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The level of IL-10 was lower in the observation group than that in the control group,while levels of IL-17 and IL-9 were higher in the observation group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum Chemerin level was positively correlated with the percentage of Th17 cells and the ratio of Th17/Treg,and negatively correlated with the percentage of Treg cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion Serum Chemerin level is elevated in patients with RA,which is closely related to disease activity and Th17/Treg ratio.

BACKGROUND:Near infrared responsive hydrogels,have a variety of excellent properties such as high spatial and temporal precision,remote tunability,and safety and non-invasiveness,providing a new direction of exploration for the development of tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the application progress of near infrared responsive hydrogels in the field of tissue engineering in recent years. METHODS:The literature search was performed on PubMed and CNKI databases.The keywords were"near infrared responsive hydrogels,tissue engineering,bone defect,bone repair,bone regeneration,wound healing,wound dressing,angiogenesis"in Chinese and English.The search time limit was from May 2006 to October 2022 and extended for some classical literature.The abstracts and contents of the retrieved literature were analyzed,and the relevant literature was obtained according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.Finally,97 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Near infrared responsive materials are involved in tissue repair by controlling infection and reducing inflammation,promoting angiogenesis,osteoblast differentiation and new bone formation.(2)Near infrared responsive hydrogel can be prepared by constructing a thermosensitive hydrogel with a photothermal effect or by using a photochemical reaction.(3)Near infrared responsive hydrogels as wound dressings perform various functions such as rapid hemostasis,tissue adhesion through polymerization of polymer monomers,antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects,and promotion of angiopoiesis and epithelial regeneration through the local photothermal effect of photothermal nanomaterials during soft tissue healing and regeneration.(4)Near infrared responsive hydrogels function during bone reconstruction and repair by promoting osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells,stimulating the expression of heat shock proteins,and increasing angiogenesis.(5)Near infrared responsive hydrogels present a combination of multiple therapeutic strategies with significant synergistic therapeutic functions and are also being progressively developed for application in other tissue reconstruction and disease treatment scenarios.

The construction of smart hospital is an important part of modern hospital management system,and it is also the key way to build the new system of high-quality hospital development.In terms of building smart hospitals,multi-campus hos-pitals face more difficulties and challenges than single campus hospitals,such as the lack of top-level design,the difficulty of in-tegrated management,the uneven development of hospitals and the widespread phenomenon of information islands.This study summarizes and analyzes the difficulties encountered in the construction and application of smart hospitals in multi-hospital areas.Guided by problems,it puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the construction of refined and high-quality smart hospi-tals in multi-campus hospitals,including strengthening overall and forward-looking awareness,integrating management according to hospital conditions,characteristic development under demand guidance,establishing a data integration center for smart hospi-tals,scientific planning of talent reserve and discipline layout,etc.