Obesity is a risk factor and pathological basis for various chronic non-communicable diseases and is an important risk factor leading to human mortality and disability. The harm of obesity to the body includes not only various systemic diseases but also some ocular diseases. Currently, the higher pursuit of life and visual quality has led to increased attention to the etiology and prevention of ocular diseases, and the impact of obesity on ocular diseases has been gradually discovered. This article reviews the impact of obesity on certain ocular diseases to deepen the understanding of obesity's impact on ocular diseases and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of ocular diseases.

Objective To explore the role of neogambogic acid in the characteristics of colorectal cancer stem cells (CRC-CSCs) through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods The colorectal cells SW480 and HCT166 were divided into control group and neogambogic acid groups (1.5, 3, 6, and 12 μmol/L). The viability of CRC-CSCs was determined by MTT method, and spheroid and clone formation assays were used to assess the capacity of spheroid formation and self-renewal ability of the cells. The effects of neogambogic acid on the apoptosis and cell cycle of CRC-CSCs were evaluated by flow cytometry assays. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of relative markers (CD133, CD44, ALDH1, Oct4, and Nanog) of CRC-CSCs, and the protein expression levels of the self-renewal marker (PCNA), apoptosis markers (cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9), and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway markers (p-GSK3β, GSK3β, β-catenin, and Wnt) were analyzed using Western blot. Results Compared with the control group, after neogambogic acid treatment, the viability of SW480 and HCT116 cells decreased (P<0.05), the spheroid forming ability and the clone numbers of CRC-CSCs decreased (P<0.001, P<0.01) but the cell apoptosis rate increased (P<0.01), and cell cycle was arrested in G₀/G₁ phase. Moreover, neogambogic acid downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of relative markers of CRC-CSCs (CD133, CD44, ALDH1, Oct4, and Nanog), PCNA, p-GSK3β, β-catenin, and Wnt (P<0.05) and upregulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and GSK3β (P<0.01). Conclusion Neogambogic can inhibit the stem cell properties of colorectal cells via inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. As a result, neogambogic acid may be an attractive agent against colorectal cancer.

Objective To investigate the role of the O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene-3′ untranslated region (UTR) microRNA-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (miRSNP) (rs7896488 G>A) in affecting miR-4297-targeted modulation of MGMT in senescence of lung cells with polymorphic genotypes induced by fractionated low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR). Methods i) MiRSNPs were predicted and screened using bioinformatics, and DNA from two types of lung cells, A549 cells and human bronchial epithelioid cells (HBE cells), was extracted for target gene sequencing. After co-transfection of pGL3c-MGMT-3′UTR-rs7896488 G>A reporter gene recombinant plasmid, pRL-TK Vector with micrON mimic NC #22 or micrON hsa-miR-4297 mimic (set up as the mimic NC group and the miR-4297 mimic group) in these two types of lung cells, dual luciferase reporter gene assay was performed. The relative expression of MGMT mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the relative expression of MGMT protein was detected by Western blotting. ii) These two types of lung cells were randomly divided into the control group and irradiation group, which received either 0 or 100 mGy X-rays irradiation seven times. After irradiation, the cells were transfected with either micrON mimic NC #22 or micrON hsa-miR-4297 mimic, resulting in mimic NC + control group, miR-4297 mimic + control group, mimic NC + irradiation group, and miR-4297 mimic + irradiation group. Cells were collected for senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining, and the relative expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand-1 (CXCL-1) proteins was detected via Western blotting. Results i) The rs7896488 G>A was the miRSNP located in the conserved binding region targeted by miR-4297 in the MGMT gene 3′UTR. A549 cells were the rs7896488 GG wild-type homozygous genotype, while HBE cells were the rs7896488 GA heterozygous mutant genotype. In the miR-4297 mimic group, A549 and HBE cells carrying the rs7896488 G allele showed significantly lower dual-luciferase activity compared with that in the mimic NC group (both P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in dual-luciferase activity between the two groups in both A549 and HBE cells carrying the rs7896488 A allele (both P>0.05). The relative expression levels of MGMT mRNA and MGMT protein of A549 cells in the miR-4297 mimic group were lower than those in the mimic NC group (both P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in MGMT mRNA and MGMT protein of HBE cells between these two groups (both P>0.05). ii) The relative activity of SA-β-Gal and the relative expression of MMP-9 and CXCL-1 proteins of A549 cells in the miR-4297 mimic+irradiation group were higher than those in the mimic NC + control group, the miR-4297 mimic + control group, and the mimic NC + irradiation group (all P<0.05). The relative activity of SA-β-Gal and the relative expression of MMP-9 and CXCL-1 proteins of HBE cells in the miR-4297 mimic + irradiation group were higher than those in the mimic NC + control group and the miR-4297 mimic + control group (all P<0.05), while there was no significant difference compared with those in the mimic NC + irradiation group (all P>0.05). Conclusion MGMT-3′UTR-miRSNP rs7896488 G>A plays a role in LDIR-induced senescence of lung cells with different polymorphic genotypes by affecting miR-4297-targeted regulation of MGMT.

Objective To investigate the effects of fractionated low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) on the ferroptosis in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells as well as the associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), biological processes, and signaling pathways. Methods HBE cells were exposed to different single doses of X-ray irradiation (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mGy) for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. The change in cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Cells were irradiated with 0, 25, 50, and 100 mGy X-rays 5 times, with 48 h between each irradiation and a dose rate of 50 mGy/min. Cells were harvested 24 h after irradiation for the measurement of the expression of ferroptosis-related genes SLC7A11 and GPX4 at the mRNA and protein levels, cellular iron content, and the expression of FTH1 and FTL mRNAs. High-throughput sequencing was used to screen for the DEGs in each dose group, followed by Gene Ontology-Biological Process (GO-BP) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Results Compared with the control group, single-dose LDIR significantly increased cell proliferation at 75 mGy after 24 h (P < 0.05), at 50, 75, and 100 mGy after 48 h (P < 0.05), and at 75 and 100 mGy after 72 h (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, at the end of the fifth fractionated LDIR, SLC7A11 and GPX4 mRNAs decreased at all doses (P < 0.05), SLC7A11 protein decreased at all doses, GPX4 protein decreased at 25 and 100 mGy, iron content increased at all doses, and FTH1 and FTL mRNAs decreased at all doses (P< 0.05). Sequencing analysis identified 248, 30, and 291 DEGs and 10, 2, and 9 ferroptosis-associated genes at the three doses compared to the control. Gene Ontology-Biological Process analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in biological processes such as response to lipids, cell death, and response to unfolded proteins. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, lipids and atherosclerosis, ferroptosis, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and FoxO signaling pathway. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in ferroptosis, fatty acid degradation, and glutathione metabolism. Conclusion Fractionated low-dose radiation induced ferroptosis in HBE cells, and DEGs were predominantly enriched in biological processes and signaling pathways related to inflammation, ferroptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Objective: To design HBV DNA proficiency testing and system comparison samples with different concentration gradients, analyze their detection results in PCR detection systems, evaluate the nucleic acid detection capabilities of laboratories and differences between detection systems, and put forward suggestions for continuous quality improvement to participating laboratories. Methods: Three groups of randomly numbered proficiency testing samples (with HBV DNA reference concentrations of <2, 7.5, and 30 IU/mL respectively) were taken as the detection objects. Using nucleic acid test data from 11 provincial blood station laboratories as the source, the samples were grouped by detection system and laboratory successively, and statistical analysis was conducted. Results: Statistical analysis of the detection data of the three groups of samples based on detection systems and laboratories showed that from low to high concentration, the coincidence rate between the detection results of different detection systems and laboratories and the expected results showed an increasing trend: 38.89%, 85.90%, and 100.00%; the same system exhibited certain differences in performance among different laboratories. Conclusion: Through this proficiency testing and system comparison, it is found that there are certain differences in the detection capabilities of different laboratories and different nucleic acid test systems. Blood station laboratories should standardize processes, strengthen quality management and data analysis on the basis of being familiar with the detection performance of their detection systems, and at the same time strengthen the control of laboratory interference factors to continuously improve the nucleic acid detection capabilities of blood station laboratories.

AIM: To investigate the effects of Conbercept on various optical coherence tomography(OCT)biomarkers in patients with retinal vein occlusion-related macular edema(RVO-ME), and to analyze the correlation of these biomarker changes with visual prognosis.METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 57 patients(57 eyes)with RVO-ME, including 25 patients(25 eyes)with central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)and 32 patients(32 eyes)with branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO), were enrolled in this study. All the patients received intravitreal injection of conbercept once a month, three times in total. The preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), and changes in OCT biomarkers, including central macular thickness(CMT), the length of disorganization of the retinal inner layers(DRIL), the number of hyperreflective dots(HRD), the area of intraretinal fluid(IRF), the area of subretinal fluid(SRF), and the length of ellipsoid zone(EZ)disruption were compared. Furthermore, the relationship of these changes with BCVA was analyzed.RESULTS:Compared with the baseline, at 3 mo post-treatment, BCVA(LogMAR)was improved, CMT was decreased, the length of DRIL was shortened, the number of HRD was reduced, the area of IRF was decreased, the area of SRF was reduced, and the length of EZ disruption was shortened(all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between the changes in CMT, the length of DRIL, the number of HRD, the area of IRF, the area of SRF and the change in BCVA before and after treatment(P>0.05). However, the change in the length of EZ disruption was positively correlated with the change in BCVA(rs=0.34, P=0.011), and the R2 value of the fitting curve between the change in the length of EZ disruption and the change in BCVA was 0.113(P=0.011). When comparing the pre- and post-treatment changes in BCVA, the length of DRIL, the number of HRD, the area of IRF, the area of SRF, and the length of EZ disruption between patients in the CRVO group and BRVO group, no significant differences were observed(all P>0.05). In contrast, a significant difference was found in the change in CMT between the two groups(P=0.002).CONCLUSION:Conbercept effectively improves multiple OCT biomarkers in patients with RVO-ME. Repair of EZ disruption is a key driver of visual recovery, and its stability may serve as a novel indicator for personalized decision-making in anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.

Objective: To identify the risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH) in maintenance peritoneal dialysis(MPD) patients and to develop and validate a nomogram-based risk-prediction model. Methods: A total of 168 hospitalized MPD patients from the Department of Nephrology were enrolled.Body-fluid composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis,and pulmonary-artery systolic pressure(PASP) was assessed by echocardiography.Patients were randomly allocated into a training set and a validation set at 1:1 ratio.Variables with P< 0. 05 in multivariable Logistic regression in the training set were incorporated to construct a nomogram .The validation set was used to test the model ’s predictive performance . ROC curves , calibration curves , and decision-curve analysis were applied to evaluate accuracy , consistency , and clinical usefulness of the model . Results: Dialysis vintage ( OR : 1 . 038 , 95% CI: 1 . 008 - 1 . 069 , P = 0. 012) , hemoglobin level ( OR : 0. 961 , 95% CI: 0. 929 - 0. 994 , P = 0. 021) , and extracellular water/intracellular water ratio (E/I) (OR : 1 . 069 , 95% CI: 1 . 024- 1 . 115 , P = 0. 002) were independent risk factors for PAH . ROC analysis yielded area under curve as 0. 867 (95% CI: 0. 782 - 0. 953) and 0. 808 (95% CI: 0. 714 - 0. 902) in the training and validation sets , respectively .Calibration plots showed that the predicted curves for both the training and validation sets closely overlapped with the ideal reference line , indicating that the nomogram risk-prediction model had good predictive performance . Decision-curve analysis demonstrated that , within threshold ranges of 0. 13 - 0. 76 ( training set ) and 0. 20 - 0. 76 (val- idation set ) , clinical net benefit was substantial when interventions were guided by the nomogram . Conclusion Dialysis vintage , hemoglobin level , and fluid-overload index (E/I) are independent risk factors for PAH in MPD patients . The nomogram based on these parameters reliably predicts PAH risk and may aid clinical decision-making.

With the rapid development of science and technology and the wide application of electronic products, the number of patients with high myopia is gradually increasing. Meanwhile, owing to the continuous optimization of surgical skils and the continuous advancement in materials of posterior chamber intraocular lens and manufacturing processes, implantable collamer lens(ICL)V4c implantation has gradually become one of the main surgeries for the treatment of high myopia. In the rapid era of social information, people pay more attention to the long-term efficacy after ICL V4c implantation, they not only want clear vision, but also the pursuit of visual comfort and durability. Therefore, this paper will specifically discuss the research progress of the post-implantation efficacy of ICL V4c with at least 2 a of follow-up observation within 3 a, aiming to review the latest research progress on the long-term efficacy of ICL V4c implantation from the three dimensions of visual quality, safety, efficacy and stability and possible surgical complications after ICL V4c implantation.

Objective To compare and analyze the efficacy and safety of 5-needle injection and standard 20-needle injection in the treatment of overactive bladder with botulinum toxin type A.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 48 patients with overactive bladder who received intravesical injection of botulinum toxin type A in the Department of Urology,Hangzhou Third People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2022,and they were divided into two groups according to the number of injections,with 24 patients in each group.The observation group received 5-needle injection,and the control group received standard 20-needle injection.Average daily frequency of urination,international consultation on incontinence questionnaire-overactive bladder,international consultation on incontinence questionnaire-overactive bladder(ICIQ-OAB)score,overactive bladder(OAB-Q)score,visual analogue scale(VAS),patient generated index(PGI-I)score,complication rate and willingness to repeat injection were recorded before and after treatment in two groups,respectively.Results There were no significant differences in age,gender,course of disease,average daily frequency of urination before treatment and baseline data of each score between the two groups,which were comparable.All patients completed treatment,and compared with before treatment,the mean daily frequency of urination,ICIQ-OAB and OAB-Q were improved after treatment(P<0.05),there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).There were no significant differences in scores and incidence of complications between the two groups after treatment(P>0.05).However,patients in the observation group were more willing to receive another injection(P<0.05).Conclusion The efficacy and safety of 5-needle vesical injection of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of overactive bladder is similar to that of standard 20-needle injection,which is more easily accepted by patients,and is a safe and effective alternative to standard technique.

Objective:A warming fixation device for premature infants was made and its clinical application effect was discussed.Methods:The warming fixation device for premature infants was designed and used in clinic. Sixty premature infants admitted to the neonatal ward of Baoding Hospital, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from January to June 2022 were selected as the control group, and 60 premature infants admitted from July to December 2022 were selected as the experimental group. In the control group, umbilical vein catheterization or central vein catheterization were performed using Astro Boy heating box, restraint band or artificial restraint. The preterm infants in the experimental group were radiated into the Astro Boy warm box with self-designed preterm warming fixation device for catheterization. The time of catheterization, the number of limb protrusion, the number of participants in catheterization operation, and the body temperature from 20 minutes of catheterization operation to the end of catheterization operation were recorded in the two groups. The frequency of hypothermia (< 36.5?℃) was calculated, and the differences in various indexes between the two groups were compared.Results:① The warming fixation device for premature babies consists of two parts: warm sleeping bag and soft pad. The warm sleeping bag includes 4 parts: head, arm, chest and abdomen, and lower limbs. The chest and abdomen were designed with rectangular covering cloth, which can be opened to facilitate umbilical vein puncture for premature infants. There were 3 groups of restraint belts on the rectangular soft pad, which can respectively fix the arms, chest and abdomen of the warm sleeping bag and the lower limbs. During the catheterization operation, use Velcro to secure the warm sleeping bag to the cushioned surface, and select the area of exposed skin according to the piercing site. ② There were no significant differences in gender, body weight and gestational age between the experimental group and the control group [male: 48.3% vs. 46.7%, body weight (kg): 1.86±0.06 vs. 1.82±0.06, gestational age (weeks): 31.33±0.31 vs. 32.25±0.34, all P > 0.05]. Compared with the control group, the catheterization time of experimental group was significantly shortened (minutes: 21.30±0.43 vs. 30.02±0.64, P < 0.01), the number of limb protrusion was significantly reduced (0 time: 70.0% vs. 33.3%, 1 time: 26.7% vs. 50.0%, P < 0.01), and the number of participants in catheterization operation was significantly reduced (people: 1.77±0.06 vs. 2.37±0.06, P < 0.01). The frequency of hypothermia in experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group [6.12% (6/98) vs. 26.50% (31/117), χ2 = 15.536, P < 0.01]. Conclusion:The warming fixation device for premature infants is convenient to use, which can effectively shorten the tube placement time, save human resources, and reduce the incidence of hypothermia in premature infants.