Objective:To analyze the difference of human papillomavirus (HPV) typing and viral load between male and female patients with condyloma acuminatum, and to explore the correlation with the disease condition and prognosis of patients with condyloma acuminatum of different genders.Methods:A total of 123 male and 116 female HPV-positive patients with condyloma acuminatum admitted to the Daqing Fourth Hospital and the Acheng District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Harbin from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as the study objects, and the differences in HPV typing and viral load between the two groups of patients with different genders were compared. The relationship between HPV typing and viral load and the condition and prognosis of condyloma acuminatum was analyzed.Results:The detection rate of low-risk HPV in male patients was higher than that of female patients, and the detection rate of high-risk HPV was lower than that of female patients, with statistical significance (χ 2=20.346, P<0.001; χ 2=8.880, P=0.003); The HPV infection types were mostly low-risk single infection in male patients and multiple infection in female patients (χ 2=17.651, P<0.001). The viral loads of low-risk HPV6, 11 and 81 in male patients were higher than those in female patients (all P<0.05). The viral loads of high-risk HPV16, 18, 52, 53, 58 and 66 in female patients were higher than those in male patients (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in viral load of other HPV types between male and female patients (all P>0.05). The proportion of >10 warts in male and female patients with high viral load, the proportion of warts in urethra, cervix, anal canal and other non-external genitalia and the incidence of genital herpes were significantly higher than those of same sex patients with low viral load (all P<0.05). The total treatment response rate of male and female patients with high viral load (77.4%, 72.5%) was significantly lower than that of the same sex group with low viral load (94.3%, 91.5%) (χ 2=7.637, P=0.007; χ 2=6.366, P=0.017). The total recurrence rates of male patients were high-risk single infection, multiple infection and low-risk single infection from high to low, while the total recurrence rates of female patients were multiple infection, high-risk single infection and low-risk single infection from high to low, with statistical significance (χ 2=13.989, P=0.001; χ 2=10.292, P=0.006). Conclusions:There are differences in HPV typing distribution and viral load between male and female patients with condyloma acuminatum. HPV typing and viral load are correlated with the condition and prognosis of male and female patients with condyloma acuminatum.

Objective:To analyze the difference of human papillomavirus (HPV) typing and viral load between male and female patients with condyloma acuminatum, and to explore the correlation with the disease condition and prognosis of patients with condyloma acuminatum of different genders.Methods:A total of 123 male and 116 female HPV-positive patients with condyloma acuminatum admitted to the Daqing Fourth Hospital and the Acheng District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Harbin from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as the study objects, and the differences in HPV typing and viral load between the two groups of patients with different genders were compared. The relationship between HPV typing and viral load and the condition and prognosis of condyloma acuminatum was analyzed.Results:The detection rate of low-risk HPV in male patients was higher than that of female patients, and the detection rate of high-risk HPV was lower than that of female patients, with statistical significance (χ 2=20.346, P<0.001; χ 2=8.880, P=0.003); The HPV infection types were mostly low-risk single infection in male patients and multiple infection in female patients (χ 2=17.651, P<0.001). The viral loads of low-risk HPV6, 11 and 81 in male patients were higher than those in female patients (all P<0.05). The viral loads of high-risk HPV16, 18, 52, 53, 58 and 66 in female patients were higher than those in male patients (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in viral load of other HPV types between male and female patients (all P>0.05). The proportion of >10 warts in male and female patients with high viral load, the proportion of warts in urethra, cervix, anal canal and other non-external genitalia and the incidence of genital herpes were significantly higher than those of same sex patients with low viral load (all P<0.05). The total treatment response rate of male and female patients with high viral load (77.4%, 72.5%) was significantly lower than that of the same sex group with low viral load (94.3%, 91.5%) (χ 2=7.637, P=0.007; χ 2=6.366, P=0.017). The total recurrence rates of male patients were high-risk single infection, multiple infection and low-risk single infection from high to low, while the total recurrence rates of female patients were multiple infection, high-risk single infection and low-risk single infection from high to low, with statistical significance (χ 2=13.989, P=0.001; χ 2=10.292, P=0.006). Conclusions:There are differences in HPV typing distribution and viral load between male and female patients with condyloma acuminatum. HPV typing and viral load are correlated with the condition and prognosis of male and female patients with condyloma acuminatum.

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) protein in preeclampsia(PE) model rats.

METHODSAdult SD rats were divided into PE model group (n=7) induced by endotoxin, normal pregnancy group (n=6) and non-pregnancy group (n=12) treated with an equal volume of saline. AQP4 protein expression in the brain of the rats was detected with immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting.

RESULTSThe blood pressure in PE model rats (135∓9 mmHg) was significantly higher than that in normal pregnancy rats (116∓8 mmHg) and non-pregnancy rats (112∓6 mmHg) (P<0.02). The rats in PE model group showed obvious proteinuria compared with the other two groups (3.8∓0.5 vs 2.6∓0.6 and 2.3∓0.4, P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that AQP4 protein was localized primarily around the brain parenchymal blood vessels. Western analysis revealed a significantly elevated AQP4 protein expression in PE model group (39.6∓4.9) compared with that in normal pregnancy group (26.5∓4.3) and non-pregnancy group (9.7∓2.1) (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe up-regulation of AQP4 protein around the intraparenchymal blood vessels of the brain may play a role in the development of eclampsia.

Animals ; Aquaporin 4 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Blood Pressure ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Pre-Eclampsia ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To study the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) protein in preeclampsia(PE) model rats. Methods Adult SD rats were divided into PE model group (n=7) induced by endotoxin, normal pregnancy group (n=6) and non-pregnancy group (n=12) treated with an equal volume of saline. AQP4 protein expression in the brain of the rats was detected with immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. Results The blood pressure in PE model rats (135 ± 9 mmHg) was significantly higher than that in normal pregnancy rats (116 ± 8 mmHg) and non-pregnancy rats (112 ± 6 mmHg) (P<0.02). The rats in PE model group showed obvious proteinuria compared with the other two groups (3.8 ± 0.5 vs 2.6 ± 0.6 and 2.3 ± 0.4, P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that AQP4 protein was localized primarily around the brain parenchymal blood vessels. Western analysis revealed a significantly elevated AQP4 protein expression in PE model group (39.6 ± 4.9) compared with that in normal pregnancy group (26.5 ± 4.3) and non-pregnancy group (9.7 ± 2.1) (P<0.01). Conclusion The up-regulation of AQP4 protein around the intraparenchymal blood vessels of the brain may play a role in the development of eclampsia.

Objective To study the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) protein in preeclampsia(PE) model rats. Methods Adult SD rats were divided into PE model group (n=7) induced by endotoxin, normal pregnancy group (n=6) and non-pregnancy group (n=12) treated with an equal volume of saline. AQP4 protein expression in the brain of the rats was detected with immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. Results The blood pressure in PE model rats (135 ± 9 mmHg) was significantly higher than that in normal pregnancy rats (116 ± 8 mmHg) and non-pregnancy rats (112 ± 6 mmHg) (P<0.02). The rats in PE model group showed obvious proteinuria compared with the other two groups (3.8 ± 0.5 vs 2.6 ± 0.6 and 2.3 ± 0.4, P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that AQP4 protein was localized primarily around the brain parenchymal blood vessels. Western analysis revealed a significantly elevated AQP4 protein expression in PE model group (39.6 ± 4.9) compared with that in normal pregnancy group (26.5 ± 4.3) and non-pregnancy group (9.7 ± 2.1) (P<0.01). Conclusion The up-regulation of AQP4 protein around the intraparenchymal blood vessels of the brain may play a role in the development of eclampsia.

Objective To analyze the cause and clinical characteristics of maternal cardiac arrest.Methods The data of all cases of maternal cardiac arrest from January 2005 to December 2009 in Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College was retrospectively studied.Results ( 1 ) A total of 41 maternal cardiac arrests (6 in prenatal period,2 in the first stage of labor,7 in the third stage of labor,26 in postpartum period ) were included.All patients regained spontaneous circulation after basic life support.Twelve (29％) mothers survived.Twelve cardiac arrests occurred in the hospital,and the totaldelivery number from January 2005 to December 2009 was 17101,with occurrence rate of 1:1425.(2) Thecauses of arrest were hemorrhagic shock (12,29％),amniotic fluid embolism (7,17％),severepreeclampsia/eclampsia (7,17％),septic shock (6,15％),cardiac disease (2,5％),unidentified cause (2,5％ ) and other occasional causes.(3) Thirty-seven (90％) in-hospital maternal cardiac arrest occurred in operation room (16,39％ ),ICU (7,17％ ),maternity wards (6,15％ ),delivery room (5,12％ ) and the emergency room (3,7％ ).Three (7％) arrest occurred out of hospital and one in the ambulance.Matemal survival rate was 2/3 in the emergency room,8/16 in the operation room,1/5 in the maternity wards,and 1/6 in the delivery room.No mother survived in ICU,ambulance or out of hospital.(4) Five of the 12 survived women showed ischemic encephalopathy after cardiac arrest and one of them developed cerebral infarction in the right corona radiate.(5) In 4 of the 8 cases of cardiac arrest in pregnancy,perimortem caesarean section (PMCS) was performed.In the four PMCS,2 mothers and 2 children survived.In the 4 cases that PMCS was not carried out,no infant survived.Conclusions Hemorrhagic shock,severe preeclampsia and eclampsia,amniotic fluid embolism are the major obstetric causes of maternal cardiac arrest.Septic shock and cardiac diseases are the major non-obstetric causes.Cardiac arrests occurred in emergency room and operation room has a higher maternal survival rate than those occurred in the delivery room and maternity wards.Timely PMCS may ensure the optimal outcome for mothers and fetuses.

Objective Screening OSAHS patients on pregnancy with Modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale( Epworth sleepiness scale,ESS)and to assess its effect. Methods 22 patients underwent the pregnancy,and pregnancy with OSAHS( mild in 23 cases,22 cases of moderate and severe in 19 cases)group were 64 people, By ESS and modified ESS score, EP and modified EP values was derived. The neck circumference ( NC), body mass index (BMI) was measured. Conduct of polysomnography ( PSG), apnea hypopnea index ( AHI ) and lowest oxygen saturation ( LSaO2 )ESS and modified ESS correlation with the AHI was analyzed and ROC curves was drawn. Results The EP value of pregnancy with mild OSAHS group has no significant difference between normal pregnancy group( P ＞ 0.05) ;the rest of pregnancy OSAHS group modified EP, EP values and the normal pregnancy group were significantly different ( all P＜0.05) ;modified EP, EP, NC, BMI values positively correlated with the AHI value, the correlation coefficient r were :0.876,0.748,0.671,0.670 ( all P ＜ 0.001 ) ;modified EP, EP, NC, BM I of the A UC values were 0.901,0.819,0.750, 0.779; when the modified EP = 8.5, had higher sensitivity ( 84.4% ) and specificity ( 90.9% ).Conclusion Modified ESS on pregnancy OSAHS patients had better clinical value of screening.

Objective To analyse the causes and clinical characteristics of re-exploration after peripartum hysterectomy due to postpartum hemorrhage. Methods Clinical data was analysed retrospectively including 88 critically ill obstetric patients who underwent peripartum hysterectomy due to postpartum hemorrhage in the Obstetric Critical Care Center of Guangzhou from January 1999 to July 2009, which were divided into re-explored group (n= 14) and non-re-explored group (n=74)depending on whether the patient underwent re-exploration after peripartum hysterectomy. The main demographic data and clinical details were compared between the two groups, including mode of delivery, indication and type of hysterectomy, interval from hysterectomy to re-exploration, surgical intervention, complications, blood loss, blood transfusion,Glasgow Coma Score(GCS), the need for mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit stay and hospital stay. Results Fourteen out of the 88 (15.91%) patients underwent re-exploration due to internal bleeding after peripartum hysterectomy.Removal of cervical stump was performed in five patients and stump hemostasis in eight cases.Significant difference was found between the re-exploration and non-re-explored group on thepercentage of patients complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation(92.9% vs 43.2%,x2=11.598,P=0.001) and amniotic fluid embolism (28.6% vs 2.7%, x2 =8.663, P=0.003).0.000], blood transfusion [(8163.6± 3903.1 ) ml vs (2958.8± 2323.0) ml, P = 0.000], intensive care unit admission rate (100.0% vs 41.9%, x2 = 15.909, P= 0.000), the need for mechanical ventilation (100.0% vs 24.3%,P=0.000), the number of patients with GCS≤8 score (71.4% vs 25.7% ,x2 = 9.179, P = 0.002 ), the number of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( 71.4% vs 14.9%, x2 = 17.735, P = 0.000), intensive care unit stay [ ( 11.4 ± 10.0 ) d vs ( 1.3 ± 2.3 ) d, P =0.000] and hospital stay[(24.0±13.1) d vs (12.7±7.0) d, P=0.000]. Allof the 14 cases were clinical recovered before discharge. Conclusions The rate of re-exploration after peripartum hysterectomy is not low, and internal bleeding is the most common causes. The re-exploration after peripartum hysterectomy might be associated with coagulopathy and the mode of hysterectomy, and patients may experience more severe complications.

Objective The purpose was to describe the outcomes and characteristics of the obstetric patients with concurrent eclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome (HELLP) syndrome. Methods We retrospectively collected the materials between December 1999 and December 2008 in Obstetric Critical Care Center of Guangzhou. There were 76 patients in rolled then they were divided into two groups according to with or without HELLP syndrome. All the patients were injected Magnesium Sulfate to control seizure and to prevent the recurring of seizure. We analyzed the characteristics (such as age, gestational weeks, blood pressure after seizure), complications, biochemistry markers, the rate for intensive care unit (ICU) admittion, the need for mechanical ventilation, the Glasgow coma score (GCS) when admitted into ICU, computed tomography scan (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),death rate of maternal and others, then compared between the two groups. Results ( 1 ) General data:There were 17 patients admitted with both eclampsia and HELLP syndrome, and 59 patients admitted eclampsia without HELLP syndrome. The incidence of eclampsia with HELLP syndrome was 22% (17/76).In eclampsia with HELLP syndrome group, the systolic blood pressure was higher and the rate of preterm also was higher [ (182 ± 20) mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0. 133 kPa)vs. (159± 21 ) mm Hg, P ＜ 0. 05 ]. But in regard to the age, gestational weeks, the rate of regular prenatal care and diastolic blood pressure, there were no differences between the two groups. (2) Biochemistry markers: the aspartate transaminase (AST), lanine transaminase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were significantly increased in eclampsia with HELLP syndrome group than eclampsia without HELLP syndrome group [ (879 ± 337) U/L vs. (90 ± 27)U/L, (344 ±83) U/Lvs. (43 ±11)U/L, (2245 ±294) U/L vs. (485 ±61)U/L, (14 ±9) mmol/L vs.(7 ± 3) mmol/L, ( 140 ± 92) μmol/L vs. (83 ± 28 ) μmol/L, P ＜ 0. 01, P ＜ 0. 05 ], and the platelet was lower in eclampsia with HELLP syndrome group [ (38 ± 13) × 109/L vs ( 172 ±46) × 109/L, P ＜0. 01 ].(3) Clinical outcomes: The maternal death rate was 35% (6/17) in eclampsia with HELLP syndrome patients, and significantly higher than the rate in eclampsia without HELLP syndrome group (3%, 2/59)(P ＜ 0. 05 ). There were more patients admitted to ICU and more patients who need mechanical ventilation in eclampsia with HELLP syndrome (13/17 vs. 34%, 9/17 vs. 24/, P ＜0. 05), also more patients with GCS ≤8 in eclampsia with HELLP syndrome when admitted to ICU ( 8/17 vs. 7/59, P ＜ 0. 05 ), compared to the eclampsia without HELLP syndrome group. There were more patients complicated with cerebral venous thrombosis and cerebral hemorrhage in eclampsia with HELLP syndrome group than other group (8/17 vs.7%, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Five of six patients died of cerebral hemorrhage in eclampsia with HELLP syndrome group,while other two missing cases in eclampsia without HELLP syndrome group all died of cerebral hemorrhage.The all missing cases were performed CT or MRI and seven (7/8) of them showed cerebral hemorrhage.Conclusion The incidence of concurrent eclampsia and HELLP syndrome was not rare, it happened seriously and with more mortalities, such as cerebral hemorrhage, and also the maternal mortality rate was significantly higher. It should be warning that the obstetrician should take great attention for these women,and consider life support treatment for them.

Objective To investigate the role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-2 (DDAH-2)/asymmetric dimethylarginine(ADMA)in pathophiology of preeclampsia by detecting expression of DDAH-2 in placenta and serum plasma ADMA.Methods From Jan.2004 to Jan.2005,30 preeclampsia patients(PE group)were chosen in the Third Affiliated Hospital.Guangzhou Medical College matched with 10 normal third trimester women as control(control group).The placental DDAH-2 mRNA expression was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR)and the plasma concentration of ADMA WSB determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results(1)The level of ADMA in PE group was significantly higher that than of control group[(18.0±7.2)mg/L vs.(10.3±1.7)mg/L,P<0.01].The expression level of ADMA in preeclampsia occurring before 34 gestatinal weeks WaS significantly higher than that of preeclampsia occurring after 34 gestational weeks[(22.0±7.0)ms/L vs.(12.7±2.8)mg/L,P<0.01].(2)The Placental DDAH-2 mRNA expression in preeclampsia patients was remarkably lower than that of control group[1×10(5.23±0.45)copy/μlvs.1×10(5.65±0.08)copy/μl,P<0.01].The Placental DDAH-2 mRNA in preeclampsia occurring before 34 gestatinal weeks was significantly lower than that of preeclampsia occurring after 34 gestational weeks [1×10(5.02±0.46)copy/μl vs.1×10(5.61±0.19)copy/μl,P<0.01].Conclusion Our results suggested that low expression of DDAH-2 in placenta and increased serum ADMA level might confer the susceptibility to preeclampsia.