OBJECTIVE To promote the application of drones in emergency rescue and related fields， expand “low-altitude+ medical” rescue services， and advance the standardization of “low-altitude+medical” distribution services. METHODS The Consensus on Low-altitude Transport and Delivery Services for Emergency Medicines via Drones （2025 Edition） （hereinafter referred to as the Consensus） was jointly initiated by the Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring， Chinese Pharmacological Society and the Expert Committee on Precision Medication of the Guangdong Pharmaceutical Association. Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital served as the leading unit， organizing 53 multidisciplinary experts nationwide to participate in drafting and reviewing. A nominal group technique was employed to discuss and finalize the consensus outline， resulting in a preliminary draft. Delphi method was employed， and 11 external review experts were invited to conduct the evaluation. After the experts’ opinions were analyzed and integrated， the Consensus was finalized. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The finalized Consensus includes its purpose， principles， and applicable scenarios， basic requirements， and operational procedures for low-altitude transport and delivery of emergency medications； distribution requirements and precautions for controlled substances， fragile medications， and temperature-sensitive medications； and recommendations for emergency medications supplies suitable for the low-altitude transportation and distribution. The release of this Consensus is expected to provide guidance and support for the standardization of “low-altitude+medical” distribution services and the application of low-altitude economy in the healthcare sector.

Objective To observe MRI manifestations of radiation myelopathy(RM).Methods Nine patients who developed RM due to radiotherapy after tumor resections were retrospectively enrolled,and clinical and imaging data were analyzed.Results Non-contrast enhanced MRI showed spinal cord swelling and thickening in all 9 cases,which could involve C1-T5 level,presented as low signals on T1WI and high signals on T2WI.The length of spinal cord edema was 30-178 mm,with a median of 90 mm.Lateral spinal cord involvements were detected in 8 cases,gray matter involvements were found in 9 cases,while posterior spinal cord involvements were noticed in 7 cases.Enhanced scanning was performed in 4 cases,and RM lesions presented as moderate"nodule"or"strip"like enhancements with length of 19-53 mm,and their distribution consistent with tumor resection areas.Four patients underwent MRI follow-up,the ranges of spinal cord edema gradually decreased or expanded at first and then decreased.Conclusion RM mainly presented as spinal cord thickening and edema on MRI,with low signals on T1WI and high signals on T2WI.Moderately"nodule"or"strip"like enhancements could occur in some lesions,with distribution consistent with surgical resection areas.

Objective To observe MRI manifestations of radiation myelopathy(RM).Methods Nine patients who developed RM due to radiotherapy after tumor resections were retrospectively enrolled,and clinical and imaging data were analyzed.Results Non-contrast enhanced MRI showed spinal cord swelling and thickening in all 9 cases,which could involve C1-T5 level,presented as low signals on T1WI and high signals on T2WI.The length of spinal cord edema was 30-178 mm,with a median of 90 mm.Lateral spinal cord involvements were detected in 8 cases,gray matter involvements were found in 9 cases,while posterior spinal cord involvements were noticed in 7 cases.Enhanced scanning was performed in 4 cases,and RM lesions presented as moderate"nodule"or"strip"like enhancements with length of 19-53 mm,and their distribution consistent with tumor resection areas.Four patients underwent MRI follow-up,the ranges of spinal cord edema gradually decreased or expanded at first and then decreased.Conclusion RM mainly presented as spinal cord thickening and edema on MRI,with low signals on T1WI and high signals on T2WI.Moderately"nodule"or"strip"like enhancements could occur in some lesions,with distribution consistent with surgical resection areas.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of vasa previa (VP) with low-lying placenta (LP).Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted on pregnant women with VP who delivered at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from January 2015 to August 2021. According to the status of LP, these cases were classified into VP with LP (VP+LP) and VP without LP (VP-LP) group. The cases diagnosed with placenta previa (PP, n=128) during the same period were collected as control. Maternal-fetal clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared among the three groups using t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-square test (or Fisher's exact test). Results:During the study period, 116 VP cases were diagnosed, accounting for 0.085% (116/136 450) of all deliveries. Apart from one case of intrauterine death caused by non-VP reasons in the third trimester, there were 64 in the VP+LP group and 51 in the VP-LP group. VP+LP cases accounted for about 2.9% (64/2 219) of all the cases with PP or LP. The proportions of multiparae and women with a history of cesarean section were significantly higher in the VP+LP group than in the VP-LP group [62.5% (40/64) vs 39.2% (20/51), χ 2= 6.17, P=0.013; 31.3% (20/64) vs 13.7% (7/51), χ 2= 4.85, P=0.028]. Besides, a rare type of VP (type Ⅲ) was only found in the VP+LP group (9.4%, 6/64). The median gestational age at first diagnosis by prenatal ultrasound was significantly larger in the VP+LP group than in the VP-LP group [28.3 (23.6-31.7) vs 23.9 (23.3-25.9) weeks, Z=2.61, P=0.007]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of antepartum hemorrhage between the two groups. In contrast, the amount of postpartum hemorrhage was significantly increased in the VP+LP group [550 (436-732) vs 420 (300-540) ml, Z=3.37, P=0.001]. Compared with the VP-LP group, the VP+LP group showed a lower incidence of lower neonatal Apgar score (<7 at 5 min) and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy [0.0%(0/64) vs 6.9%(4/58), 0.0%(0/64) vs 8.6% (5/58), Fisher's exact test, both P<0.05]. No neonatal death was reported in the VP+LP and VP-LP groups. No significant difference in the incidence of antepartum hemorrhage was found between the VP+LP group and the PP group. Still, the median time at delivery was earlier [36.0 (34.3-36.9) vs 37.0 (35.7-37.3) weeks, Z=3.79, P<0.001], and the incidence of abnormal fetal heart rate was higher [10.9% (7/64) vs 3.1% (4/128), Fisher's exact test , P=0.044] in the VP+LP group. Furthermore, the neonatal NICU admission rate and the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome were significantly higher in the VP+LP group than in the PP group [36.4% (24/66) vs 12.1% (16/132), χ 2= 16.04, P<0.001; 25.8% (17/66) vs 12.1% (16/132), χ 2= 5.89, P=0.015]. Conclusions:For VP+LP cases, there might be an additional type (type Ⅲ VP). Patients with VP+LP would have more blood loss within 24 h after delivery and a higher risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. Intensive attention should be paid to those diagnosed with LP during the third trimester to identify any VP.

Objective:To investigate the application values of bone marrow morphology, bone marrow immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and cytogenetic testing in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.Methods:A total of 280 patients with multiple myeloma who were newly diagnosed in Tianjin KingMed Diagnosis Center from September 2018 to August 2019 were collected. The bone marrow biopsy was carried out according to the routine method, and bone marrow morphology, bone marrow immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry immunophenotyping, FISH and cytogenetic testing were performed. The detection results of each method were compared.Results:In 280 patients, the bone marrow immunohistochemistry results showed that the median ratio of plasma cells was higher than those of bone marrow morphology (20 cases, 0.675 vs. 0.300) and flow cytometry (47 cases, 0.650 vs. 0.147), and the differences were statistically significant ( Z = -3.883, P < 0.01; Z = -5.947, P < 0.01). Flow cytometry results showed that the positive rates of CD38, CD138, κ, λ, CD56 and CD19 were 100.0% (280/280), 100.0% (280/280), 57.5% (161/280), 42.5% (119/280), 62.1% (174/280) and 19.3% (54/280); bone marrow immunohistochemistry results showed that the positive rates of CD38, CD138, κ, λ and CD56 were 98.9% (277/280), 98.2% (275/280), 57.5% (161/280), 42.5% (119/280) and 62.1% (174/280); there was no statistical difference between the two detection methods in the detection coincidence rate of the same detection index (all P > 0.05). Among patients who underwent FISH detection, the detection rate of gene abnormalities was 69.9% (93/133); the detection rate of abnormalities by direct fluorescence in situ hybridization (D-FISH) was 42.9% (57/133); the detection rate of abnormalities by CD138 immunomagnetic sorting myeloma cells (MACS)-FISH was 82.7% (110/133). Among patients who underwent G-band karyotyping, the detection rate of abnormal karyotype was 38.5% (85/221). FSIH, especially MACS-FISH, had a higher detection rate of cytogenetic abnormalities than G-band karyotyping, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 65.697, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The comprehensive application of bone marrow morphology, bone marrow immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, FISH (especially MACS-FISH), cytogenetic testing and other detection methods is more helpful for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma, and may be useful for prognostic judgment.

Objective:To explore the value of X-ray signs with applying low dose of contrast agent to confirm successful puncture in direct shoulder MR arthrography.Methods:In total 669 patients who underwent shoulder MR arthrography in Peking University Third Hospital from January 2016 to August 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received the anterior approach puncture in shoulder arthrography. X-ray films were taken after 1-2 ml contrast agent was injected. Six X-ray signs of contrast agent distribution were recorded. MR arthrography findings were used to confirm whether the puncture was success. Kappa analysis was used to verify the consistency between each 2 signs. The accuracy rate of each X-ray sign to confirm the successful puncture was calculated. X-ray signs were paired to define the best diagnostic index of successful puncture.Results:Successful puncture was performed in arthrographies for all 669 cases .The displaying rates of six signs were as follows. Contrast agent distribution at overlapping humeral head away from the needle was 66.8% (447/669), in axillary recess was 64.7% (433/669), in glenohumeral space was 93.9% (628/669), in subscapular bursa was 69.8% (467/669), in sheath of long head tendon of biceps brachii (LHBT) was 1.9% (13/669), between LHBT and supraspinatus tendon was 17.2% (115/669). Consistency of each 2 signs was poor (Kappa<0.2), in which the poorest consistency was found between contrast agent overlapping humeral head away from the needle and contrast agent in glenohumeral space (Kappa=-0.115). With combining the above 2 signs, the accuracy rate for defining successful puncture was 100% (669/669).Conclusion:In direct shoulder arthrography by anterior approach, X-ray signs with low dose of contrast agent can be regard as the method to confirm successful puncture. The accuracy rate of the signs of contrast agent distribution at overlapping humeral head away from the needle or in glenohumeral space to define a successful puncture is 100%.

Objective To explore the clinical feature,genetic variant and clinical outcome of patients with cblA-type methylmalonic acidemia (MMA).Methods Clinical manifestations,therapeutic schedule and prognosis of 12 patients with cblA-type MMA were analyzed.MMAA gene variants were analyzed for all patients and their parents.Results Vomiting,dyspnea and drowsiness were the major clinical features of cblA-type MMA.Eleven patients were vitamin B12-responsive.After treatment,the blood level of propionylcarnitine,ratio of propionylcarnitine/acetylcarnitine,urine level of methylmalonic acid and methylcitric acid have decreased significantly (P＜0.05).Follow-up study showed that 8 patients (66.7％)had normal development,while the rest (33.3％) remained to have various level of mental or movement delay.Fourteen MMAA gene variants were detected,with c.365T＞C (p.L122P) being the most common (29.2％).Six novel variants,including c.54delA (p.A19Hfs * 43),c.275G＞A (p.G92V),c.456delT (p.G153Vfs* 8),c.667dupA (p.T223Nfs* 4),c.1114C＞T (p.Q372X) and c.1137_1138delCA (p.F379Lfs * 27) were found.Conclusion The main clinical manifestations of patients with cblA-type of MMA include vomiting,dyspnea and drowsiness.Most patients are vitamin B12-responsive.c.365T＞C is a potential hot spot variant of MMAA gene in China.

Objective To explore the clinical manifestations, treatment and outcomes of patients with c. 482G>A ( p. R161Q ) variant of MMACHC gene in cblC type methylmalonic acidemia ( MMA ) . Methods The clinical manifestations, mass spectrometry results, genotypes, treatment and outcomes of 75 patients with cblC type MMAcarryingc.482G>A(p.R161Q)variantwereretrospectivelyanalyzed.Results Ofthe75patients,57(76％) were from newborn screening and one of them had an onset. Among the rest 18 unscreened patients, 2 were diagnosed after their full sisters' or brothers' diagnosis, the others were clinical patients. There were 17 clinical patients, with the medium age of onset 12 years old (10 days～26 years old). 12 late onset patients (70.6％) presented with poor academic performance, memory loss, poor expression, and decreased exercise capacity, while 5 early onset patients (29.4％) presented with convulsion and delay of development. All patients were vitamin B12-responsive. The levels of blood propionylcarnitine, the ratio of propionylcarnitine to acetylcarnitine, urinary methylmalonic acid and methyldecanoic acid, and plasma homocysteine were significantly decreased after treatment (P< 0.01). All patients diagnosed from newborn screening had normal development. However, only 3 clinical patients had a rather normal outcomes and the others remained different levels of intelligence and ( or ) motor dysfunction after treatment. Conclusion The c.482G>A ( p. R161Q) variant of MMACHC gene is associated with late onset cblC type MMA. Patients with this variant have a better response to hydroxycobalamin than other variants. The outcome of patients diagnosed from the newborn screening is good. When symptoms occur, the disability rate is often high. Therefore, newborn screening is a recommended method to prevent this disease.

Objective To study the correlations among lumbosacral anatomical structure variations and herniation of intervertebral disc.Methods Through analyzing lumbar CT images of 684 patients with lumbocrural pain between 15 to 24 years old, the anatomical variations of spondylolysis, scoliosis deformity, lumbosacral transitional vertebra, subfissure, lumbosacral angle and others (including vertebral muscles beside, spines, transverse process on both sides) were observed, and the correlations among these anatomical variations and herniation of intervertebral disc were analyzed.Results The correlations among these above mentioned anatomical variations and herniation of intervertebral disc were 93.6%,92.3%,87.5%,81.3%,72.1%,53.3% respectively.In 91.4% of patients, the lumbosacral anatomical structure variations suffered herniation of intervertebral disc at the same time.But only 36.2% of patients suffered herniation of intervertebral disc without lumbosacral anatomical structure variations.Conclusion Lumbosacral anatomical structure variation is the main reason of herniation of intervertebral disc on teenagers.CT examination,which can reflect the correlation between them.

Objective To explore the features of resting state brain activity of hypertension and hypertension co-morbid depression by resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology based on the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF). Methods Thirty patients with hypertension co-morbid depression group (HD), 30 patients with hypertension group (H), and 30 normal controls group (NC) were selected. The demographic data and clinical features of all groups were collected. All participants underwent the fMRI and the resting state data of whole brain were analyzed by ALFF method. Results Four clusters with statistically significant differences in one-way analysis of variance in ALFF between the three groups including the left cerebellum, right thalamus, left superior temporal gyrus, and left superior medial frontal gyrus (F=14.99,15.90,11.52,12.64,all P<0.05, AlphaSim corrected). Group H showed more decreased ALFF in right thalamus than group NC(MNI coordinates (x, y, z):6,-15, 12;F=-3.96). Compared group HD with group NC, decreased ALFF was found in left cerebellum (MNI coordinates (x, y, z):-48,-63,-27;F=-4.87), right thalamus(MNI coordinates (x, y, z):6,-15, 9;F=-5.20) and increased ALFF in left superior medial frontal gyrus(MNI coordinates (x, y, z):-24, 36, 42, F=5.08). Compared group HD with group H, decreased ALFF was found in the left superior temporal gyrus(MNI coordinates (x, y, z):-54,-12, 12; F=-4.32), increased ALFF in right superior frontal gyrus(MNI coordinates (x, y, z):18, 36, 48;F=3.99)and left superior frontal gyrus(MNI coordinates (x, y, z):-15, 48, 42;F=3.57;all P<0.05, AlphaSim corrected). Conclusion Abnormal resting-state brain activity emerge in regulatory areas in patients with hypertension co-morbid depression,which is more seriously than ones with hypertension, and early positive and effective control of blood pressure may alleviate damage to brain function.