Objective Under the"Key Information Infrastructure Security Protection Requirements for Information Secu-rity Technology"(hereinafter referred to as"Security Protection Requirements"),this study aims to construct a security protec-tion system for medical information systems and improve their security protection capabilities.Methods Starting from the char-acteristics and security requirements of medical information systems,combined with the standard"Security Protection Require-ments",this study discusses and analyzes the construction of six aspects of security protection capabilities:identification,securi-ty protection,detection and evaluation,monitoring and warning,active defense,and event handling,and implements protection for key information infrastructure in medical institutions from both software and hardware aspects.Results A practical,system-atic,and normalized security protection system for medical information systems has been constructed to achieve comprehensive protection of medical information systems.Conclusion Under the requirements of"Security Protection Requirements",it is crucial to establish a comprehensive security protection system for medical information systems and implement the protection of key information infrastructure in medical institutions from both software and hardware aspects.This provides a scientific basis and practical guidance for network security protection in the medical industry.

Objective Under the"Key Information Infrastructure Security Protection Requirements for Information Secu-rity Technology"(hereinafter referred to as"Security Protection Requirements"),this study aims to construct a security protec-tion system for medical information systems and improve their security protection capabilities.Methods Starting from the char-acteristics and security requirements of medical information systems,combined with the standard"Security Protection Require-ments",this study discusses and analyzes the construction of six aspects of security protection capabilities:identification,securi-ty protection,detection and evaluation,monitoring and warning,active defense,and event handling,and implements protection for key information infrastructure in medical institutions from both software and hardware aspects.Results A practical,system-atic,and normalized security protection system for medical information systems has been constructed to achieve comprehensive protection of medical information systems.Conclusion Under the requirements of"Security Protection Requirements",it is crucial to establish a comprehensive security protection system for medical information systems and implement the protection of key information infrastructure in medical institutions from both software and hardware aspects.This provides a scientific basis and practical guidance for network security protection in the medical industry.

Objective To monitor the antifungal resistance of clinical isolates of Candida spp.in the East China region.Methods MALDI-TOF MS or molecular methods were used to re-identify the strains collected from January 2018 to December 2022.Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method.The susceptibility test results were interpreted according to the breakpoints of 2022 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)documents M27 M44s-Ed3 and M57s-Ed4.Results A total of 3 026 strains of Candida were collected,65.33％of which were isolated from sterile body sites,mainly from blood(38.86％)and pleural effusion/ascites(10.21％).The predominant species of Candida were Candida albicans(44.51％),followed by Candida parapsilosis complex(19.46％),Candida tropicalis(13.98％),Candida glabrata(10.34％),and other Candida species(0.79％).Candida albicans showed overall high susceptibility rates to the 10 antifungal drugs tested(the lowest rate being 93.62％).Only 2.97％of the strains showed dose-dependent susceptibility(SDD)to fluconazole.Candida parapsilosis complex had a SDD rate of 2.61％and a resistance rate of 9.42％to fluconazole,and susceptibility rates above 90％to other drugs.Candida glabrata had a SDD rate of 92.01％and a resistance rate of 7.99％to fluconazole,resistance rates of 32.27％and 48.24％to posaconazole and voriconazole non-wild-type strains(NWT),respectively,and susceptibility rates above 90％to other drugs.Candida tropicalis had resistance rates of 29.55％and 26.24％to fluconazole and voriconazole,respectively,resistance rates of 76.60％and 21.99％to posaconazole and echinocandins non-wild-type strains(NWT),and a resistance rate of 2.36％to echinocandins.Conclusions The prevalence and species distribution of Candida spp.in the East China region are consistent with previous domestic and international reports.Candida glabrata exhibits certain degree of resistance to fluconazole,while Candida tropicalis demonstrates higher resistance to triazole drugs.Additionally,echinocandins resistance has emerged in Candida albicans,Candida glabrata,Candida tropicalis,and Candida parapsilosis.

BackgroundMost of the researches on continuous nursing education is from the perspective of patients， and there is a lack of studies on the impact of continuous nursing education on patient caregivers， and the care quality of caregivers is closely related to postoperative rehabilitation status of the patients. ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of continuous nursing education on anxiety relief of caregivers of patients with all-robot coronary artery bypass surgery， and to provide references for improving caregivers' anxiety and promoting patients' recovery. MethodsA total of 120 caregivers of patients with all-robot coronary artery bypass surgery at the First and Sixth Center of 301 Chinese PLA General Hospital were included from January 1， 2021 to December 31， 2022. The caregivers were randomly divided into study group and control group with 60 cases in each group by systematic random sampling method. Before the patient discharge from the hospital， all caregivers received routine nursing education. The study group received continuous nursing education for 4 weeks after patient discharged. Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS） was used to evaluate the two groups before and one month after discharge. ResultsOne month after discharge， SAS score in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group ［（57.77±14.08） vs. （70.19±13.60）， t=-4.913， P<0.01］， and the proportion of SAS score above 60 in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group （41.67% vs. 75.00%， χ²=-13.714， P<0.01）. ConclusionContinuous nursing education may help reduce the level of anxiety in caregivers of patients with all-robot coronary artery bypass surgery.

Objective To investigate the prevalence rates of healthcare-associated infection(HAI) and community-associated infection(CAI) in hospitalized patients in Wuhan City, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HAI.Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 33 hospitals in Wuhan City, all hospitalized patients were surveyed by bedside investigation and medical record reviewing, SPSS 16.0 software was used for data analysis.Results A total of 36 222 hospitalized patients were investigated, of whom 1 116 (3.08%) had HAI, 6 968 (19.24%) had CAI.The prevalence rate of HAI was highest in hospitals with ≥900 beds(3.40%), and the prevalence rate of CAI was highest in hospitals with<300 beds (43.70%).Of departments, general intensive care unit had the highest prevalence rate of HAI(32.88%), department of respiratory diseases had the highest prevalence rate of CAI (78.34%).A total of 699 pathogens were isolated from patients with HAI, the top three were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.03%), Acinetobacter baumannii (16.31%) and Staphylococcus aureus (12.88%), a total of 1 149 pathogens were isolated from patients with CAI, the top three were Escherichia coli (14.45%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.23%), and Mycoplasma (10.01%).The main infected sites of both HAI and CAI were the lower respiratory tract, accounting for 48.24% and 45.15% respectively.Conclusion HAI and CAI have different characteristics, it is necessary to take targeted measures according to key departments and key sites, so as to reduce the occurrence of HAI effectively.

Objective To provide scientific evidence to identify and confirm severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) by laboratory detection.Methods Multiple clinical specimens were collected serially and systematically from the 4 suspected SARS patients, which occurred between Dec.2003 to Jan.2004 in Guangdong Province. The samples were tested by serologic and molecular methods.Results IgM or IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV were detectable after 6—8 days of the onset in four patients. The four-fold or greater rising in antibodies was clearly detected in three of the four patients, while the fourth patient’s seroconversion was from negative to positive. The results analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA), immunoflourescence assay (IFA), and neutralization test were highly correlated. SARS-CoV RNA was just detected in 3 throat swab specimens from case 1 by real-time PCR. M, N and S genes were amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from the positive samples. Sequencing results showed that they were SARS-CoV gene segments, and most closely matched SARS-CoV gene sequences were isolated from civet cats in Guangdong Province. Nevertheless, SARS-CoV was not isolated from any samples of the 4 patients.Conclusion Based on these results, the 4 reported cases were laboratorily confirmed as SARS cases.