Objective:To develop an Arteriovenous Fistula Physical Examination Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Scale for Hemodialysis Nurses and test its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the theory of knowledge, attitude, and practice, a preliminary scale draft was formed through a literature review, three rounds of Delphi expert consultation, and a pre-survey. Using convenience sampling, 311 hemodialysis nurses were selected for a survey from December 2022 to February 2023 for item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and reliability testing. Another survey was conducted on 260 hemodialysis nurses from February to June 2023 for confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity testing.Results:The Arteriovenous Fistula Physical Examination Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Scale for Hemodialysis Nurses included three subscales and five dimensions, with a total of 33 items. The content validity index at the item level was 0.867 to 1.000, and the content validity index at the scale level was 0.992. After exploratory factor analysis, two, one, and two common factors were extracted from the knowledge, attitude, and practice subscales, with cumulative variance contribution rates of 70.114%, 75.192%, and 67.467%, respectively.Confirmatory:factor analysis showed that the model fitted well. The Cronbach's α coefficients of the three subscales were 0.929 to 0.943, the half reliability coefficients were 0.861 to 0.903, and the retest reliability coefficients were 0.824 to 0.874. Conclusions The Arteriovenous Fistula Physical Examination Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Scale for Hemodialysis Nurses has good reliability and validity and can be used to evaluate the physical examination ability of hemodialysis nurses for arteriovenous fistula.

To study the technical principles and case analysis of typical fault of fully automatic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)analyzer,in order to improve the usage effect of the analyzer.The microparticle enzyme immunoassay(MEIA)analysis technique was used to complete the ELISA test.The main calibration,standard calibration,qualitative calibration and calibration solution correction were used as the calibration methods of the ELISA analyzer to improve the analytic precision of ELISA.By analyzing the cases of typical faults encountered during the use of the fully automatic ELISA analyzer,such as washing machine,startup initialization alarm,boot disk,sampling arm and filter,the corresponding solutions of fault were proposed to provide reference for the maintenance and management of the fully automatic ELISA analyzer at later stage.

Objective:To investigate the radiosensitizing effect of silencing breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (shBRCA1) expression on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer bearing nude mice by 3′-deoxy-3′- 18F-fluorothymidine ( 18F-FLT) microPET/CT imaging. Methods:Twenty-four BALB/c nude mice were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 in each group) according to the random number table method, namely negative control (NC) group, NC+ radiotherapy group, shBRCA1 group and shBRCA1+ radiotherapy group. 18F-FLT microPET/CT imaging was performed before and 24 h after radiotherapy. The changes of SUV max before and after radiotherapy were compared among 4 groups, and the total proliferative volume (TPV) of tumors in each group after treatment was also analyzed. The expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Data were analyzed by paired t test, one-way analysis of variance, least significant difference t test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results:Breast cancer cells targeting the BRCA1 were constructed. Before radiotherapy, the differences of SUV max among the NC group, NC+ radiotherapy group, shBRCA1 group and shBRCA1+ radiotherapy group were not statistically significant (1.034±0.137, 1.031±0.152, 1.028±0.169 and 1.026±0.156; F=0.00, P=0.999). Twenty-four hours after the end of the four times of radiotherapy, the differences of SUV max among the 4 groups were statistically significant (1.367±0.100, 0.781±0.079, 1.306±0.213 and 0.597±0.129; F=44.77, P<0.001), with lower SUV max in the shBRCA1+ radiotherapy group compared with the NC+ radiotherapy group ( t=2.98, P=0.014). The SUV max of the NC+ radiotherapy group and shBRCA1+ radiotherapy group were reduced compared with those before radiotherapy ( t values: 5.82, 5.44, P values: 0.002, 0.003), while SUV max of the NC group and shBRCA1 group increased compared with those before radiotherapy ( t values: -4.47, -3.98, P values: 0.007, 0.011). TPV was smaller in the shBRCA1+ radiotherapy group compared with that in the NC+ radiotherapy group (0.48±0.03 vs 0.61±0.07; F=25.36, t=3.82, P=0.003). Immunohistochemical assays showed that Ki-67 was less expressed in the shBRCA1+ radiotherapy group than that in the NC+ radiotherapy group (0.286±0.072 vs 0.476±0.093; F=15.73, t=3.61, P=0.007). Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between Ki-67 expression and SUV max ( r=0.83, P<0.001). Conclusion:18F-FLT microPET/CT imaging can evaluate the radiosensitizing effect of shBRCA1 expression on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer bearing nude mice.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of comprehensive rehabilitation nursing based on guided education and training on rehabilitation treatment in school-age children with drug-resistant epilepsy undergoing epileptogenic focus resection.Methods:Fifty movement disorders school-age children with drug-resistant epilepsy undergoing epileptogenic focus resection in Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2017 to December 2019 were enrolled in this study. The child patients were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the order of admission, with 25 cases in each group, and the control group was from January 2017 to June 2018 while the observation group was from July 2018 to December 2019. In the control group, routine nursing after epileptogenic focus resection and functional exercise were conducted. The observation group was treated with comprehensive rehabilitation nursing based on guided education and training. On the third day after operation, the day of discharge respectively, the motor function and activity of daily living of the two groups were evaluated. The satisfaction of children′s parents on nursing was compared between the two groups.Results:The scores of motor function on the third day after operation and the day of discharge were (57.0 ± 6.8), (73.0 ± 5.4) points respectively in the observation group, and those in the control group were (55.0 ± 5.6), (65.6 ± 5.9) points. There were significant differences intra group comparison ( t=-9.26, -6.48, both P<0.05). The activity of daily living scores on the third day after operation and the day of discharge were (45.2 ± 5.9), (74.2 ± 8.3) points respectively in the observation group, and those in the control group were (44.0 ± 5.8), (60.2 ± 7.6) points. There were significant differences intra group comparison ( t=-14.33, -8.51, both P<0.05). There were significant differences between the scores of motor function and the ability of daily living scores on the day of discharge in the observation group and the control group ( t values were -4.65, -6.25, both P<0.05). The satisfaction of children′s parents on nursing in the observation group and the control group were 96.0% (24/25), 72.0% (18/25) respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups ( χ 2=8.78, P<0.05). Conclusions:Rehabilitation nursing based on guided education and training can improve motor function and ability of daily living in movement disorders school-age children with drug-resistant epilepsy undergoing epileptogenic focus resection, promote the functional recovery of children after surgery and increase the satisfaction of children′s parents on nursing.

Objective:To investigate the prognoses of pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients with leptomeningeal metastases (LM) and explore their influencing factors.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed. The clinical data, imaging features and treatment plans of pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients with LM admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to June 2021 were collected. Overall survival (OS) was used as the prognostic evaluation criterion and patients were divided into good prognosis group (OS≥6 months) and poor prognosis group (OS<6 months) accordingly. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors for prognoses of pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients with LM. These patients were grouped according to different Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scores and different treatment methods, and survival curves were drawn to compare their OS.Results:A total of 173 pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients with LM were enrolled in the study, including 75 with good prognosis and 87 with poor prognosis. There were significant differences in the KPS scores, pulmonary adenocarcinoma lesion controlled status, giving third generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy or not, giving systemic chemotherapy and/or whole brain radiotherapy or not between the two groups ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that KPS scores and pulmonary adenocarcinoma lesion controlled status were independent influencing factors for prognoses ( OR=4.186, 95%CI: 1.583-11.070, P=0.004; OR=4.198, 95%CI: 1.499-11.760, P=0.006). Survival curves showed median OS of 8.2 months for all patients ( 95%CI: 6.5-9.8). The OS in patients with low-risk(KPS scores≥60) was significantly higher than that in patients with high-risk(KPS scores<60), that in patients accepted TKI treatment was significantly higher than that in patients not accepted TKI treatment, and that in patients accepted TKI and systemic chemotherapy was significantly higher than that in patients accepted TKI alone ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Patients with high KPS scores and controlled pulmonary adenocarcinoma can have relatively good prognosis; TKI treatment and combination therapy may prolong OS of these patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of G-CSF-mobilized autologous stem cells in the prevention of radiation pulmonary injury.Methods Mice were divided into control group,irradiation group and treatment group.Mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis was established by exposing chest to a single dose of 14 Gy.Animals in the treatment group received recombinant human G-CSF (250 μg/kg daily for 5 d) before the irradiation in order to mobilize autologous stem cells in vivo.The general condition and mortality were documented after radiation injury.The pathological study with histological scoring,Masson staining and Sirius red staining with polarized light analysis were used to identify lung injury and the potential benefit of stem cell mobilization.Results Local chest irradiation of a single dose of 14 Gy was a suitable dose to create radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.The death rate was 37.5％,which mainly happened around 11 weeks after injury.In contrast,all of the animals in G-CSF treated group survived.The ratio of lung to body mass was significantly increased in both irradiation group and treatment group (F =23.20,P＜0.05) around 3 months after the injury,with a higher ratio in irradiation group than that in treatment group (P＜0.05).Histological scoring for alveolar inflammation at 3 months after injury revealed statistically significant difference in irradiation group and treatment group compared with control group (F=11.93,P＜ 0.05).At this time point,the pathological observation showed lung tissue degeneration and necrosis with alveolitis and interstitial inflammation,as well as fibroblasts proliferation and focal collagen deposition in alveolar septa.At 4 month after the injury,the inflammation ininterstitial tissue was receded,but fibrosis and collagen deposition were significantly increased.In addition,at 3 and 4 months afterinjury,the pulmonary fibrosis was aggravated in irradiation group (F=28.73,16.85,P＜0.05),and significantly alleviated in the treatment group (P＜0.05).The similar results were confirmed in collagen content analysis (IOD) by Sirius red staining and image analysis (F =17.70,17.79,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Autologous mobilization of stem cells could prevent the death of radiation-injured animals possibly by alleviating early lung injury and interstitial inflammation as well as the late pulmonary fibrosis,suggesting a therapeutic potential of autologous stem cell mobilization in radiation pulmonary fibrosis.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that causes major illnesses and disabilities worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of AR has increased progressively over the last few decades in more developed countries and currently affects up to 40% of the population worldwide. Likewise, a rising trend of AR has also been observed over the last 2–3 decades in developing countries including China, with the prevalence of AR varying widely in these countries. A survey of self-reported AR over a 6-year period in the general Chinese adult population reported that the standardized prevalence of adult AR increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2011. An increasing number of original articles and imporclinical trials on the epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, management and comorbidities of AR in Chinese subjects have been published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades, and substantially added to our understanding of this disease as a global problem. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Chinese subjects have also been published, they have not been translated into English and therefore not generally accessible for reference to non-Chinese speaking international medical communities. Moreover, methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in China have not been standardized entirely and some patients are still treated according to regional preferences. Thus, the present guidelines have been developed by the Chinese Society of Allergy to be accessible to both national and international medical communities involved in the management of AR patients. These guidelines have been prepared in line with existing international guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AR in China.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Comorbidity ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Diagnosis* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic*

Objective To study the clinical characteristics of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (CAEBV) in children and to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of CAEBV.Methods Clinical data,laboratory serology,pathological examination,treatment and follow-up results of 10 cases with CAEBV infection who were treated in Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University from January 2008 to January 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.Results CAEBV major manifestations were continuous or intermittent fever,hepatomegaly,splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy,and others,including general fatigue,cough,hematemesis,diarrhea,skin rash,jaundice,sore throat,muscle joint pain,and so on.And with liver dysfunction,hematologic abnormality,and so on.All patients in anti-EB virus capsid antigen IgG (EBVCA-IgG)antibodies and EBEA-IgG antibodies had positive,while all patients in EBVCA-IgM antibodies had negative.The median load of EBV-DNA detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in the peripheral blood was 7.15× 105 copies/ml.Six of 10 cases CAEBV patients presented a poor clinical course,1 case died from intracranial hemorrhage,2 cases from respiratory failure,1 case from gastrointestinal bleeding,1 case from liver failure,1 case from severe multiple pathogens infection,rest 3 cases showed an improvement and 1 cases had a recurrence.Conclusion CAEBV infection has varieties of clinical features,with poor prognosis and high mortality.If the patients had unexplained fever,hepatomegaly,splenomegaly and lymphadenectasis,we should be timely detect virology and histopathological to diagnosis as early as possible.

Objective To analyze the trend in caesarean section rate and puerpera characteristics in hospital,and provide valuable information for maternal and child health policy making and clinical practice.Methods A total of 12 041 women who delivered in the affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University from October 1,2010 to September 30,2016 were selected.Based on Robson classification system,changes in the rate of caesarean delivery as well as its relationship with two-child policy and infant sex ratio were analyzed.Results The overall caesarean section rate gradually decreased from 66.9％ to 44.2％ during the past six years.Respectively,the caesarean section rate in primiparae with singleton term babies decreased to 32.1％ and the rate in multiparas without uterine scar decreased to 14.2％,and the rate in premature delivery decreased to 22.9％,the differences were significant (P＜0.01).The proportion of vaginal delivery (R1,R3),multiparas with uterine scar (R5) and twins pregnancy (R8) increased,the differences were significant (P＜0.01).The annual overall newly-born sex ratio ranged from 110:100 to 128:100.In group R1,more babies were girls,the proportion was stable,more women with premature delivery and multiparas had boy babies,but the boy babies by multiparas without uterine scar obviously decreased in the last 2 years.Conclusions Primiparae with singleton head birth,multipara without uterine scar and women with premature deliveries are the key population in the effort of reduction of caesarean section rate.The caesarean section rate and proportion were unstable in multiparas with uterine scar,breech deliveries and twin deliveries.The application of Robson classification system can improve the comparability of the surveillance data.

Objective To evaluate the applied values of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in acute ischemic stroke.Methods Totally 40 patients with acute ischemic stroke were included within 72 hours after symptom onset.They adopted multimodal magnetic resonance imaging examination,including regular magnetic resonance imaging sequence (T1WI,T2WI),time of flight MR angiography (TOF-MRA),diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI).Furthermore,12 of the 40 patients received dynamic susceptibility contrast enhanced perfusion weighted imaging (DSCPWI) examination.Results Of the 40 patients,12 ones had positive results for multiple lesions of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) by SWI,and the detection rate was 30％.There were 24 patients showed susceptibility vessel sign (SVS) in SWI,and the susceptibility rate was 60％.In the 12 patients received DSC-PWI examination simultaneously,there were 7 cases had the anomaly range by SWI larger than that by DWI while similar to that by DSC-PWI.Conclusion SWI can show SVS and CMBs clearly,estimate ischemic penumbra,know intracranial conditions completely and supply reliable basis for individualized treatment.