Objective:To explore the correlation among SMAD4 gene polymorphisms, early life traumatic experience and their interactions with clinical feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods:Totally 484 OCD patients who met the DSM-Ⅳ diagnostic criteria and 368 health controls who met the enrollment criteria were recruited from September 2013 to September 2018. The Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) was used to assess the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, the Beck depression inventory Ⅱ (BDI-Ⅱ) was used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms, the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) was used to assess the severity of anxiety symptoms, and early trauma inventory-short form (ETI-SF) was used to assess early traumatic experience. SMAD4: rs12452684, rs2276163, rs17663887 and rs3819122 were genotyped using the Taqman genotyping technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software, and comparisons among groups were performed using chi-square test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test and analysis of covariance. Correlation was analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis, and interactions were analyzed using general linear model. Results:All sites except rs17663887 met the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (rs12452684: χ2=0.29, P=0.59; rs2276163: χ2=2.58, P=0.11; rs3819122: χ2=0.22, P=0.64).Allele, genotype frequencies of SMAD4: rs12452684, rs2276163 and rs3819122 were not statistically significant between the OCD and the health control groups ( χ2=0.02, 1.20, 0.04, all P>0.05; χ2=1.85, 3.98, 1.45, all P>0.05). The results of covariance analysis (corrected for age and gender) showed that there were significantly differences in compulsion (CC: 12.47±4.23, CT: 12.53±4.15, TT: 13.97±3.11; AA: 12.63±4.08, AC: 12.49±4.19, CC: 13.87±2.93) and total Y-BOCS scores(CC: 25.31±6.42, CT: 25.68±5.90, TT: 27.75±6.01; AA: 25.54±6.52, AC: 25.56±5.98, CC: 27.63±5.75) among the three genotypes of the SMAD4: rs2276163 and rs3819122 between the two groups ( F=3.58, 3.87, 3.48, 3.73, all P<0.05). Emotional abuse in the ETI-SF was positively correlated with obsession and total Y-BOCS scores( r=0.14, 0.14, both P<0.05). The interactions of rs2276163, rs3819122 and emotional abuse were associated with obsession scores ( F=4.65, 3.63, 2.93, all P<0.01). Conclusions:The more emotional abuse experienced in early life, the more severe obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and the interaction between the SMAD4 gene and early traumatic experience is involved in the development of OCD.

Objective:To explore the potential types of body image disorders in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to analyze the influencing factors of each category, so as to provide a basis for clinical formulation of targeted intervention programs.Methods:A total of 275 patients with PCOS who visited the outpatient clinic of the Center for Reproductive Medicine of Fenyang Hospital of Shanxi Province from April 2023 to April 2024 were selected by convenience sampling, and the general information questionnaires, Body Image Scale, Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3, and Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve were used to conduct a cross-sectional survey. The potential profile analysis of body image disorders in PCOS patients was carried out, and the influencing factors of different categories were explored by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 260 patients with PCOS were surveyed in this study, and 113 patients (43.5%) were aged 25-35 years old. The score of the Body Image Scale for PCOS patients was 11.00 (7.25, 14.00) points, the score of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 was (44.80 ± 4.65) points, and the score of Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve was (5.80 ± 1.43) points. PCOS patients were divided into three potential categories: low body image impairment group (37.3%, 97/260), intermediate body image level-high cognitive impairment group (38.1%, 99/260), and high body image impairment group (24.6%, 64/260). Body mass index, acne, alopecia, reproductive history, course of disease, whether medical staff have carried out detailed education, social media attention and internalization, and family care were the influencing factors of potential types of body image disorders in PCOS patients ( OR values were 0.339-19.099, all P<0.05). Conclusions:There is obvious group heterogeneity in patients with PCOS body image disorders, and medical staff should formulate targeted interventions according to the characteristics and influencing factors of each category to improve patients′ lifestyle, reduce the level of body image disorders.

Objective:To explore the correlation among SMAD4 gene polymorphisms, early life traumatic experience and their interactions with clinical feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods:Totally 484 OCD patients who met the DSM-Ⅳ diagnostic criteria and 368 health controls who met the enrollment criteria were recruited from September 2013 to September 2018. The Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) was used to assess the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, the Beck depression inventory Ⅱ (BDI-Ⅱ) was used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms, the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) was used to assess the severity of anxiety symptoms, and early trauma inventory-short form (ETI-SF) was used to assess early traumatic experience. SMAD4: rs12452684, rs2276163, rs17663887 and rs3819122 were genotyped using the Taqman genotyping technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software, and comparisons among groups were performed using chi-square test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test and analysis of covariance. Correlation was analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis, and interactions were analyzed using general linear model. Results:All sites except rs17663887 met the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (rs12452684: χ2=0.29, P=0.59; rs2276163: χ2=2.58, P=0.11; rs3819122: χ2=0.22, P=0.64).Allele, genotype frequencies of SMAD4: rs12452684, rs2276163 and rs3819122 were not statistically significant between the OCD and the health control groups ( χ2=0.02, 1.20, 0.04, all P>0.05; χ2=1.85, 3.98, 1.45, all P>0.05). The results of covariance analysis (corrected for age and gender) showed that there were significantly differences in compulsion (CC: 12.47±4.23, CT: 12.53±4.15, TT: 13.97±3.11; AA: 12.63±4.08, AC: 12.49±4.19, CC: 13.87±2.93) and total Y-BOCS scores(CC: 25.31±6.42, CT: 25.68±5.90, TT: 27.75±6.01; AA: 25.54±6.52, AC: 25.56±5.98, CC: 27.63±5.75) among the three genotypes of the SMAD4: rs2276163 and rs3819122 between the two groups ( F=3.58, 3.87, 3.48, 3.73, all P<0.05). Emotional abuse in the ETI-SF was positively correlated with obsession and total Y-BOCS scores( r=0.14, 0.14, both P<0.05). The interactions of rs2276163, rs3819122 and emotional abuse were associated with obsession scores ( F=4.65, 3.63, 2.93, all P<0.01). Conclusions:The more emotional abuse experienced in early life, the more severe obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and the interaction between the SMAD4 gene and early traumatic experience is involved in the development of OCD.

Objective:To explore the potential types of body image disorders in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to analyze the influencing factors of each category, so as to provide a basis for clinical formulation of targeted intervention programs.Methods:A total of 275 patients with PCOS who visited the outpatient clinic of the Center for Reproductive Medicine of Fenyang Hospital of Shanxi Province from April 2023 to April 2024 were selected by convenience sampling, and the general information questionnaires, Body Image Scale, Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3, and Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve were used to conduct a cross-sectional survey. The potential profile analysis of body image disorders in PCOS patients was carried out, and the influencing factors of different categories were explored by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 260 patients with PCOS were surveyed in this study, and 113 patients (43.5%) were aged 25-35 years old. The score of the Body Image Scale for PCOS patients was 11.00 (7.25, 14.00) points, the score of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 was (44.80 ± 4.65) points, and the score of Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve was (5.80 ± 1.43) points. PCOS patients were divided into three potential categories: low body image impairment group (37.3%, 97/260), intermediate body image level-high cognitive impairment group (38.1%, 99/260), and high body image impairment group (24.6%, 64/260). Body mass index, acne, alopecia, reproductive history, course of disease, whether medical staff have carried out detailed education, social media attention and internalization, and family care were the influencing factors of potential types of body image disorders in PCOS patients ( OR values were 0.339-19.099, all P<0.05). Conclusions:There is obvious group heterogeneity in patients with PCOS body image disorders, and medical staff should formulate targeted interventions according to the characteristics and influencing factors of each category to improve patients′ lifestyle, reduce the level of body image disorders.

Objective:To explore the effects of the toolkit program for managing symptom clusters of adverse reactions to chemotherapy for ovarian cancer based on the comprehensive symptom management model on the symptom status, self-care ability and quality of life of ovarian cancer patients, and to provide guidance for clinical guidance on symptom management of adverse reactions to chemotherapy for ovarian cancer patients.Methods:A non-simultaneous before-and-after control was used to facilitate the selection of 45 ovarian cancer chemotherapy patients from the Department of Gynecology, Fenyang Hospital, Shanxi Province, from August 2022 to January 2023 as the control group, and 45 ovarian cancer chemotherapy patients from February to July 2023 as the experimeatal group. Routine care was used in the control group, and the experimental group used the Symptom Cluster Management Toolkit program based on the control group. Before intervention and after the end of the first, second, and third chemotherapy cycles, two groups of patients were evaluated using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Generic scale and Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale; after the end of the first, second, and third chemotherapy cycles, Adverse Reaction Events Evaluation Criteria 5.0 was used to evaluate the two groups. The symptom status, self-care ability, and quality of life between two groups of patients were compared.Results:Finally 43 cases in control group and 41 cases in experimental group were included, age of control group was (59.37 ± 8.61) years old and experimental group was (57.10 ± 9.97) years old. After intervention, at the end of the first, second, and third chemotherapy cycles were assessed for side effects, respectively: the nausea rating of the experimental group were 1 (1, 2), 1(1, 2), 2(1, 2), and the control group were 2 (1, 2), 2(1, 2), 2(1, 2); the vomiting rating of the experimental group were 1 (1, 2), 1(1, 2), 1(1, 2), and the control group were 2 (1, 2), 2(1, 2), 2(1, 2); peripheral sensory nerve disorder rating of the experimental group were 1 (1, 1), 1(1, 1), 1(1, 2), and the control group were 1 (1, 1), 1(1, 2), 2(1, 2); peripheral motor nerve disorder rating of the experimental group were 1 (1, 1), 1(1, 1), 1(1, 1), and the control group had a 1 (1, 1), 1(1, 2), 2(1, 2); the cognitive impairment rating of the experimental group were 1 (1, 1), 1(1, 1), 1(1, 1), and the control group were 1 (1, 1), 1(1, 2), 1(1, 2). All the differences were all statistically significant (Wald χ2 were from 4.41 to 6.54, all P<0.05); the control group′s self-care competence scores at the end of the first, second, and third cycles of chemotherapy for patients with ovarian cancer were (106.30 ± 13.03), (109.53 ± 13.85) and (111.95 ± 13.49) points, and (113.68 ± 11.33), (118.95 ± 11.39) and (123.66 ± 11.67) points in the experimental group, and the level of self-care ability of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group when comparing the two groups ( F = 8.61, P<0.05); and the level of quality of life at the end of the first, second, three chemotherapy cycles were (65.35 ± 7.58), (68.58 ± 7.61) and (70.95 ± 7.56) points in the control group, and (70.51 ± 5.89), (74.10 ± 5.70) and (77.00 ± 5.55) points in the experimental group, and the level of quality of life in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group in the comparison between groups ( F = 10.16, P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of the toolkit intervention program for the management of symptom clusters of adverse reactions to chemotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer can reduce the symptom load of patients, improve self-care ability, and improve the quality of life.

Objective:To develop a double-set endotracheal intubation and evaluate its effectiveness.Methods:The development of a double-set endotracheal intubation was achieved by integrating endotracheal intubation with dental pads. From November 2023 to July 2024, convenience sampling was used to select 60 patients with endotracheal intubation admitted to the ICU of the First Hospital of Jiaxing as participants. Patients were divided into an experimental group ( n=30) and a control group ( n=30) using a random number table method. Experimental group was treated with a double-set endotracheal intubation, while control group was treated with a regular endotracheal intubation. The incidence of oral mucosal membrane pressure injury and oral ulcers during endotracheal intubation, the Chinese version of the modified Beck Oral Assessment score, plaque index, and endotracheal intubation duration were compared between two groups of ICU patients. Results:The duration of endotracheal intubation in experimental group was shorter than that in control group ( P<0.05), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The number of cases with oral mucosal membrane pressure injury and oral ulcers in experimental group, as well as the Chinese version of the modified Beck Oral Assessment score, were lower than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the plaque index between two groups ( P>0.05) . Conclusions:Double-set endotracheal intubation can effectively improve the efficiency of intubation in ICU patients, reduce the local pressure on oral tissues caused by intubation, improve the oral condition of patients, and have good clinical effects.

Objective:To explore the effects of the toolkit program for managing symptom clusters of adverse reactions to chemotherapy for ovarian cancer based on the comprehensive symptom management model on the symptom status, self-care ability and quality of life of ovarian cancer patients, and to provide guidance for clinical guidance on symptom management of adverse reactions to chemotherapy for ovarian cancer patients.Methods:A non-simultaneous before-and-after control was used to facilitate the selection of 45 ovarian cancer chemotherapy patients from the Department of Gynecology, Fenyang Hospital, Shanxi Province, from August 2022 to January 2023 as the control group, and 45 ovarian cancer chemotherapy patients from February to July 2023 as the experimeatal group. Routine care was used in the control group, and the experimental group used the Symptom Cluster Management Toolkit program based on the control group. Before intervention and after the end of the first, second, and third chemotherapy cycles, two groups of patients were evaluated using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Generic scale and Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale; after the end of the first, second, and third chemotherapy cycles, Adverse Reaction Events Evaluation Criteria 5.0 was used to evaluate the two groups. The symptom status, self-care ability, and quality of life between two groups of patients were compared.Results:Finally 43 cases in control group and 41 cases in experimental group were included, age of control group was (59.37 ± 8.61) years old and experimental group was (57.10 ± 9.97) years old. After intervention, at the end of the first, second, and third chemotherapy cycles were assessed for side effects, respectively: the nausea rating of the experimental group were 1 (1, 2), 1(1, 2), 2(1, 2), and the control group were 2 (1, 2), 2(1, 2), 2(1, 2); the vomiting rating of the experimental group were 1 (1, 2), 1(1, 2), 1(1, 2), and the control group were 2 (1, 2), 2(1, 2), 2(1, 2); peripheral sensory nerve disorder rating of the experimental group were 1 (1, 1), 1(1, 1), 1(1, 2), and the control group were 1 (1, 1), 1(1, 2), 2(1, 2); peripheral motor nerve disorder rating of the experimental group were 1 (1, 1), 1(1, 1), 1(1, 1), and the control group had a 1 (1, 1), 1(1, 2), 2(1, 2); the cognitive impairment rating of the experimental group were 1 (1, 1), 1(1, 1), 1(1, 1), and the control group were 1 (1, 1), 1(1, 2), 1(1, 2). All the differences were all statistically significant (Wald χ2 were from 4.41 to 6.54, all P<0.05); the control group′s self-care competence scores at the end of the first, second, and third cycles of chemotherapy for patients with ovarian cancer were (106.30 ± 13.03), (109.53 ± 13.85) and (111.95 ± 13.49) points, and (113.68 ± 11.33), (118.95 ± 11.39) and (123.66 ± 11.67) points in the experimental group, and the level of self-care ability of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group when comparing the two groups ( F = 8.61, P<0.05); and the level of quality of life at the end of the first, second, three chemotherapy cycles were (65.35 ± 7.58), (68.58 ± 7.61) and (70.95 ± 7.56) points in the control group, and (70.51 ± 5.89), (74.10 ± 5.70) and (77.00 ± 5.55) points in the experimental group, and the level of quality of life in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group in the comparison between groups ( F = 10.16, P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of the toolkit intervention program for the management of symptom clusters of adverse reactions to chemotherapy in patients with ovarian cancer can reduce the symptom load of patients, improve self-care ability, and improve the quality of life.

Objective:To develop a double-set endotracheal intubation and evaluate its effectiveness.Methods:The development of a double-set endotracheal intubation was achieved by integrating endotracheal intubation with dental pads. From November 2023 to July 2024, convenience sampling was used to select 60 patients with endotracheal intubation admitted to the ICU of the First Hospital of Jiaxing as participants. Patients were divided into an experimental group ( n=30) and a control group ( n=30) using a random number table method. Experimental group was treated with a double-set endotracheal intubation, while control group was treated with a regular endotracheal intubation. The incidence of oral mucosal membrane pressure injury and oral ulcers during endotracheal intubation, the Chinese version of the modified Beck Oral Assessment score, plaque index, and endotracheal intubation duration were compared between two groups of ICU patients. Results:The duration of endotracheal intubation in experimental group was shorter than that in control group ( P<0.05), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The number of cases with oral mucosal membrane pressure injury and oral ulcers in experimental group, as well as the Chinese version of the modified Beck Oral Assessment score, were lower than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the plaque index between two groups ( P>0.05) . Conclusions:Double-set endotracheal intubation can effectively improve the efficiency of intubation in ICU patients, reduce the local pressure on oral tissues caused by intubation, improve the oral condition of patients, and have good clinical effects.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between 18F-FDG PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters and the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) histopathologic classification, including histological subtypes, proliferation activity, and somatic mutations. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 419 patients (150 males, 269 females; median age, 59.0 years;age range, 23.0–84.0 years) who had undergone surgical removal of stage IA–IIIA lung adenocarcinoma and had preoperative PET/CT data of lung tumors. The maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax), background-subtracted volume (BSV), and background-subtracted lesion activity (BSL) derived from PET/CT were measured. The IASLC/ATS/ERS subtypes, Ki67 score, and epidermal growth factor/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EGFR/ALK) mutation status were evaluated. The PET/CT semiquantitative parameters were compared between the tumor subtypes using the Mann–Whitney U test or the Kruskal–Wallis test. The optimum cutoff values of the PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters for distinguishing the IASLC/ATS/ERS subtypes were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The correlation between the PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters and pathological parameters was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: SUVmax, BSV, and BSL values were significantly higher in invasive adenocarcinoma (IA) than in minimally IA (MIA), and the values were higher in MIA than in adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) (all p < 0.05). Remarkably, an SUVmax of 0.90 and a BSL of 3.62 were shown to be the optimal cutoff values for differentiating MIA from AIS, manifesting as pure ground-glass nodules with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Metabolic-volumetric parameters (BSV and BSL) were better potential independent factors than metabolic parameters (SUVmax) in differentiating growth patterns. SUVmax and BSL, rather than BSV, were strongly or moderately correlated with Ki67 in most subtypes, except for the micropapillary and solid predominant groups. PET/CT parameters were not correlated with EGFR/ALK mutation status. Conclusion As noninvasive surrogates, preoperative PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters could imply IASLC/ATS/ERS subtypes and Ki67 index and thus may contribute to improved management of precise surgery and postoperative adjuvant therapy.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that causes major illnesses and disabilities worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of AR has increased progressively over the last few decades in more developed countries and currently affects up to 40% of the population worldwide. Likewise, a rising trend of AR has also been observed over the last 2–3 decades in developing countries including China, with the prevalence of AR varying widely in these countries. A survey of self-reported AR over a 6-year period in the general Chinese adult population reported that the standardized prevalence of adult AR increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2011. An increasing number of original articles and imporclinical trials on the epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, management and comorbidities of AR in Chinese subjects have been published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades, and substantially added to our understanding of this disease as a global problem. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Chinese subjects have also been published, they have not been translated into English and therefore not generally accessible for reference to non-Chinese speaking international medical communities. Moreover, methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in China have not been standardized entirely and some patients are still treated according to regional preferences. Thus, the present guidelines have been developed by the Chinese Society of Allergy to be accessible to both national and international medical communities involved in the management of AR patients. These guidelines have been prepared in line with existing international guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AR in China.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Comorbidity ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Diagnosis* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic*