The cardioprotective effects of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDIs) are at odds with the deleterious effects of HDAC depletion. Here, we use HDAC3 as a prototype HDAC to address this contradiction. We show that adult-onset cardiac-specific depletion of HDAC3 in mice causes cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction on a high-fat diet (HFD), excluding developmental disruption as a major reason for the contradiction. Genetically abolishing HDAC3 enzymatic activity without affecting its protein level does not cause cardiac dysfunction on HFD. HDAC3 depletion causes robust downregulation of lipid oxidation/bioenergetic genes and upregulation of antioxidant/anti-apoptotic genes. In contrast, HDAC3 enzyme activity abolishment causes much milder changes in far fewer genes. The abnormal gene expression is cardiomyocyte-autonomous and can be rescued by an enzyme-dead HDAC3 mutant but not by an HDAC3 mutant (Δ33-70) that lacks interaction with the nuclear-envelope protein lamina-associated polypeptide 2β (LAP2β). Tethering LAP2β to the HDAC3 Δ33-70 mutant restored its ability to rescue gene expression. Finally, HDAC3 depletion, not loss of HDAC3 enzymatic activity, exacerbates cardiac contractile functions upon aortic constriction. These results suggest that the cardiac function of HDAC3 in adults is not attributable to its enzyme activity, which has implications for understanding the cardioprotective effects of HDIs.

A total of 120 medical students were surveyed to investigate the current status of communication between medical students and old patients and the awareness of medical laws. The questionnaire shows many students don't have enough knowledge of communication skills and medical laws. Furthermore, the most important reason of the medical disputes is the lack of communication between doctors and patients so the cultivation of communication skills and legal knowledge should be strengthened.

Jinyingzi is the dry ripe fruit of Rosa leav gata Michx.. It contains mainly tannic acid, malic acid, citric acid, vitamin C and saponins. Its effect on urinary sy stem was studied on mouse Pollakiuria model by severing hypogastric nerve. Results showed that the water extract of R. laevigata can decrease the frequency and prolong the interval of urination and increase the quantity of eacn urination. The said extract can inhibit the automatic contraction of isolated rabbit jejunal smooth muscle and antagonize the spasmodic contraction arouscd by acetylcholine and barium chloride of isolated rabbit jejunal smoothmusele, and isolated vesical smooth muscle of mouse, and antagonize reaction of contractility aroused by noradrenalin on isolated thoracic aorta strips of rabbit. All of the the three inhibitions of smooth muscle contraction showed signicant dose-response curve.