Objective:To compare the accuracy and applicability of three adult height prediction methods based on artificial intelligence-assisted bone age assessment—the Bayley-Pinneau method(BP method), the Tanner-Whitehouse 3 method(TW3 method), and China 05 method—in girls.Methods:This bidirectional cohort study collected clinical data and 690 posteroanterior X-ray images of the left hand from 278 female children who underwent pubertal development assessments at Shenzhen Children′s Hospital between January 2014 and December 2020, with follow-up until adult height was reached. Adult height prediction was performed using BP, TW3, and China 05 methods on artificial intelligence-assisted bone age assessment.Results:The BP and TW3 methods overestimated adult height by(1.7±3.7) cm and(2.6±3.0) cm, respectively, while the China 05 method underestimated adult height by(2.3±3.5) cm. The proportion of PAH within±5 cm of FAH were 80.0% for the TW3 method, 77.0% for the BP method, and 74.2% for the China 05 method, with significant differences among them( P=0.038). Analysis of cases with prediction deviations>10 cm and subgroup comparisons revealed that the TW3 and BP methods were more likely to overestimate adult height in girls aged 6.0-<8.0 years, with delayed bone age, or in the prepubertal stage(all P<0.001). The China 05 method was more prone to underestimate adult height in those with advanced bone age( P<0.001). All three methods showed significantly greater prediction errors(absolute difference between PAH and FAH) in girls with early puberty compared to those with normal pubertal development(all P<0.05). Conclusions:The TW3 and BP methods tend to overestimate adult height in girls, while the China 05 method tends to underestimate it. Caution is warranted when predicting adult height, particularly in girls under 8 years of bone age, with delayed or advanced bone age, and those with early puberty.

Objective:To explore the relationship between life events, anxiety, depression, and behavior problems in adolescents.Methods:From September to October 2022, the cluster sampling method was used to select 5 341 adolescents from 4 middle schools in Xinxiang urban area.The subjects and their parents were investigated by the adolescent self-rating life events check list (ASLEC), generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7), patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), and child behavior checklist (CBCL). SPSS 27.0 software was used for Spearman correlation analysis, and AMOS 28.0 software was used to construct the structural equation model.Results:The scores of anxiety, depression, and behavioral problems were 1 (0, 4), 1 (0, 4), and 3 (0, 10). The total score of life events was 5 (1, 13), and the dimensions scored as follows: interpersonal conflict 1 (0, 4), academic pressure 2 (0, 5), punishment 0 (0, 2), loss 0 (0, 0), health and adaptation problem 0 (0, 1), and others 0 (0, 2). There were positive correlations between life events and its dimensions, depression, anxiety and behavioral problems ( r=0.28-0.69, all P<0.01). In the overall population, anxiety and depression played parallel mediating roles in the impact of life events on behavior problems. Life events could positively predict anxiety ( β=0.68, P<0.01), and anxiety could positively predict behavior problems ( β=0.04, P=0.02). Life events could positively predict depression ( β=0.77, P<0.01), and depression could positively predict behavior problems ( β=0.18, P<0.01). The standardized total effect size of the impact of life events on behavioral problems was 0.622 (95% CI=0.564-0.675). The standardized direct effect size and indirect effect size were 0.460 (95% CI=0.374-0.539) and 0.162 (95% CI=0.108-0.218), accounting for 74.0% and 26.0%of the total effect, respectively. After stratification by gender, the results for male adolescents were consistent with the overall population, while the mediating effect of anxiety was not significant in the female adolescents. Conclusion:Life events can lead to anxiety and depression in adolescents, thereby increasing the risk of behavior problems.

Objective:To explore the relationship between life events, anxiety, depression, and behavior problems in adolescents.Methods:From September to October 2022, the cluster sampling method was used to select 5 341 adolescents from 4 middle schools in Xinxiang urban area.The subjects and their parents were investigated by the adolescent self-rating life events check list (ASLEC), generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7), patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), and child behavior checklist (CBCL). SPSS 27.0 software was used for Spearman correlation analysis, and AMOS 28.0 software was used to construct the structural equation model.Results:The scores of anxiety, depression, and behavioral problems were 1 (0, 4), 1 (0, 4), and 3 (0, 10). The total score of life events was 5 (1, 13), and the dimensions scored as follows: interpersonal conflict 1 (0, 4), academic pressure 2 (0, 5), punishment 0 (0, 2), loss 0 (0, 0), health and adaptation problem 0 (0, 1), and others 0 (0, 2). There were positive correlations between life events and its dimensions, depression, anxiety and behavioral problems ( r=0.28-0.69, all P<0.01). In the overall population, anxiety and depression played parallel mediating roles in the impact of life events on behavior problems. Life events could positively predict anxiety ( β=0.68, P<0.01), and anxiety could positively predict behavior problems ( β=0.04, P=0.02). Life events could positively predict depression ( β=0.77, P<0.01), and depression could positively predict behavior problems ( β=0.18, P<0.01). The standardized total effect size of the impact of life events on behavioral problems was 0.622 (95% CI=0.564-0.675). The standardized direct effect size and indirect effect size were 0.460 (95% CI=0.374-0.539) and 0.162 (95% CI=0.108-0.218), accounting for 74.0% and 26.0%of the total effect, respectively. After stratification by gender, the results for male adolescents were consistent with the overall population, while the mediating effect of anxiety was not significant in the female adolescents. Conclusion:Life events can lead to anxiety and depression in adolescents, thereby increasing the risk of behavior problems.

A 67-year-old female patient with erythrodermic psoriasis showed no significant improvement in rash after 2 weeks of treatments with acitretin, ebastine, etc., with the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score of 72 points (the highest value). Secukinumab 300 mg once a week was given by subcutaneous injection, which was changed to 300 mg once a month after 5 weeks of medication. After 5 weeks of treatment(medication 5 times), the patient′s PASI improvement rate was 75%, but the patient developed alopecia areata and her eyebrows fall off. After 6 months of treatment, the PASI improvement rate was 100%, but the patient developed alopecia totalis and her eyebrows completely disappeared. During the 9-month follow-up, the patient did not stop taking medication or received hair loss treatment. No psoriasis rash recurred and her hair loss was not improved.

A 67-year-old female patient with erythrodermic psoriasis showed no significant improvement in rash after 2 weeks of treatments with acitretin, ebastine, etc., with the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score of 72 points (the highest value). Secukinumab 300 mg once a week was given by subcutaneous injection, which was changed to 300 mg once a month after 5 weeks of medication. After 5 weeks of treatment(medication 5 times), the patient′s PASI improvement rate was 75%, but the patient developed alopecia areata and her eyebrows fall off. After 6 months of treatment, the PASI improvement rate was 100%, but the patient developed alopecia totalis and her eyebrows completely disappeared. During the 9-month follow-up, the patient did not stop taking medication or received hair loss treatment. No psoriasis rash recurred and her hair loss was not improved.

Objective:To compare the accuracy and applicability of three adult height prediction methods based on artificial intelligence-assisted bone age assessment—the Bayley-Pinneau method(BP method), the Tanner-Whitehouse 3 method(TW3 method), and China 05 method—in girls.Methods:This bidirectional cohort study collected clinical data and 690 posteroanterior X-ray images of the left hand from 278 female children who underwent pubertal development assessments at Shenzhen Children′s Hospital between January 2014 and December 2020, with follow-up until adult height was reached. Adult height prediction was performed using BP, TW3, and China 05 methods on artificial intelligence-assisted bone age assessment.Results:The BP and TW3 methods overestimated adult height by(1.7±3.7) cm and(2.6±3.0) cm, respectively, while the China 05 method underestimated adult height by(2.3±3.5) cm. The proportion of PAH within±5 cm of FAH were 80.0% for the TW3 method, 77.0% for the BP method, and 74.2% for the China 05 method, with significant differences among them( P=0.038). Analysis of cases with prediction deviations>10 cm and subgroup comparisons revealed that the TW3 and BP methods were more likely to overestimate adult height in girls aged 6.0-<8.0 years, with delayed bone age, or in the prepubertal stage(all P<0.001). The China 05 method was more prone to underestimate adult height in those with advanced bone age( P<0.001). All three methods showed significantly greater prediction errors(absolute difference between PAH and FAH) in girls with early puberty compared to those with normal pubertal development(all P<0.05). Conclusions:The TW3 and BP methods tend to overestimate adult height in girls, while the China 05 method tends to underestimate it. Caution is warranted when predicting adult height, particularly in girls under 8 years of bone age, with delayed or advanced bone age, and those with early puberty.

Objective:Peritoneal dialysis(PD)-associated peritonitis is a common and major complica-tion of PD and the most common cause of technical failure of PD.The presence of bacterial biofilm may be an important factor leading to refractory or recurrence of peritonitis.To investigate the formation and characteristics of bacterial biofilms on PD catheters after peritonitis-associated catheter removal.Methods:The patients with maintenance PD who were regularly followed up in the Peking University People's Hospital from June 2007 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients who with-drew from PD because of peritonitis and removed the PD catheter in our hospital and underwent the scan-ning electron microscope examination of the catheter were selected.The general information of the pa-tients,the electron microscope results of the PD catheter and the bacterial culture results of the PD fluid were summarized.Results:(1)A total of 18 patients were included,11 were female(accounting for 61.1％).The average age of the patients was(59.1±11.5)years,and the average duration of dialysis was(80.1±47.4)months.Primary kidney diseases were predominantly chronic glomerulonephritis(55.6％),followed by diabetic nephropathy(27.8％),and others(16.6％).The reasons for cathe-ters removal in 18 patients were refractory peritonitis in 11 cases,recurrent peritonitis in 5 cases,and fungal peritonitis in 2 cases.(2)16 of the 18 patients(88.9％)had catheter bacterial biofilm,and the bacterial biofilm forms were all cocci.Some were arranged in grape-like shapes,and their diameters ranged from about 500 nm to 1 000 nm.The bacterial culture results of peritoneal dialysis fluid showed that the three most common pathogens were Escherichia coli,methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA),and Staphylococcus epidermidis.(3)Among the 18 patients enrolled,13 patients(72.2％)had peritonitis in the past.The causative bacteria of peritonitis in 9 patients were cocci,including coagu-lase-negative Staphylococci(Staphylococcus suis,Staphylococcus surface,Staphylococcus xylosus,Staphy-lococcus warneri),Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus(Streptococcus salivarius and Aerococus viridans).Conclusion:Bacterial biofilm formation on the inner surface of PD catheter is common in peritonitis-asso-ciated catheter removal patients.Not all PD catheters removed due to peritonitis have bacterial biofilms.Bacterial biofilms and peritonitis pathogens may not be consistent.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of virtual reality on upper limb function in stroke patients through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). MethodsFrom September, 2021 to March, 2023, 80 stroke patients in the Fuzhou Second General Hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 40) and experimental group (n = 40). Both groups received routine rehabilitation, while the experimental group received virtual reality training additionally, for four weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE) and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) before treatment, after treatment and after four-week follow-up; and they were scaned with DTI to measure the fractional anisotropy (FA) and relative anisotropy (RA) of cerebral peduncle and posterior limb of inner capsule of the affected side before and after treatment. ResultsTwo cases dropped in each group. The FMA-UE and ARAT scores increased in both groups after treatment and follow-up (F > 2.790, P < 0.001), and increased more in the experimental group than in the control group (t > 2.297, P < 0.05). FA and RA in the posterior limb of inner capsule increased in both groups after treatment (t > 21.013, P < 0.001), and increased more in the experimental group (t > 2.006, P < 0.05). The d-value of FA of the posterior limb of internal capsule before and after treatment (ΔFA) was positively correlated with the d-value of FMA-UE score (r > 0.362, P < 0.05) in both groups, the ΔFA of the posterior limb of internal capsule was positively correlated with the d-value of ARAT score (r = 0.459, P < 0.01). ConclusionVirtual reality training can promote the recovery of upper limb function in stroke patients, which may associate with the conductivity of posterior limb of inner capsule.

【Objective】 To analyze the contributing factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and the correlation between bone mineral density and physical growth, in order to provide new clues for the prevention and early intervention of ADHD. 【Methods】 A total of 116 children with ADHD were included into the observation group from June 2020 to June 2022, while another 80 healthy children in the same period were included as the control group.Clinical data of the two groups were compared, and the factors influencing ADHD in children were analyzed using multivariate Logistic regression. Children with ADHD were further divided into boys group and girls group based on gender. Bone mineral density (BMD) and physical growth (height and body weight) of the two groups were measured, and the correlation between the two was analyzed. 【Results】 In the observation group, the proportion of boys, maternal bad behaviors during pregnancy, their educational level below high school, critical parenting, and parental stress index were significantly higher compared to the control group (χ²=14.430, 5.689, 5.630, 6.738, t=6.936, P<0.05). Additionally, family environment score was significantly lower than that in the control group (t=6.328, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that factors including boys (OR=3.298, 95%CI: 1.759 - 6.184), maternal bad behaviors during pregnancy (OR=2.730, 95%CI: 1.169 - 6.375), maternal education level of senior high school or below (OR=2.032, 95%CI: 1.127 - 3.663), critical parenting (OR=2.349, 95%CI: 1.223 - 4.513), and parental stress index (OR=1.089, 95%CI: 1.055 - 1.124) were positively correlated with ADHD in children (P<0.05), while family environment score was negatively related to ADHD (OR=0.868, 95%CI: 0.820 - 0.919, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in BMD, height and body weight between boys and girls in ADHD group (P>0.05). Pearson correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation of BMD with height and body weight (r=0.409, 0.317, P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 The development of ADHD in children is associated with gender, maternal bad behavior during pregnancy, family parental style and so on. Bone mineral density is closely related to physical growth in children with ADHD, clinical interventions can be implemented to prevent or early intervene ADHD.