ObjectiveTo analyze the infection status of main respiratory pathogens in influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Anji County, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, and to provide a reference for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of respiratory infections. MethodsThroat swab samples were collected from 520 ILI cases in an influenza sentinel surveillance hospital in Anji County of Zhejiang Province from December 2023 to November 2024. Multiplex real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) was used to detect 18 pathogens and their subtypes, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A virus (Flu A), influenza A (H1N1) virus, influenza A (H3N2) virus, influenza B virus (Flu B), influenza B virus Victoria lineage (BV), influenza B virus Yamagata lineage (BY), coronavirus (CoV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), adenovirus (ADV), human bocavirus (HBoV), enterovirus (EV), rhinovirus (RV), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP). ResultsThe overall positivity rate of pathogens in 520 samples was 33.65%, among which the detection rates of Flu (9.14%), ADV (7.50%), SARS-CoV-2 (6.15%), and EV (3.65%) were relatively high. There were statistically significant differences in the overall positivity rate of pathogens by age and season (all P<0.05). The highest overall positivity rate was observed in the 5‒14 years old group (42.77%), and the overall positivity rate in winter (53.08%) was significantly higher than that in other seasons. ConclusionFrom 2023 to 2024, the main respiratory pathogens detected in ILI cases in Anji County were Flu, ADV, SARS-CoV-2, and EV. The epidemic characteristics showed age and seasonal specificity, so it is necessary to strengthen prevention and control for high-risk populations and epidemic seasons in a targeted manner.

Objective: To investigate the incidence, characteristics, and influencing factors of resolution discrepancies within the minipool (MP) testing model across Chinese blood station laboratories in 2024. Methods: A nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted, including 334 blood station laboratories that reported nucleic acid reactive data among enzyme immunoassay non-reactive samples. Of these, 296 laboratories adopted the pool resolution model, with a total of 12 536 273 samples tested. Systematic analysis was performed on resolution data, focusing on the MP-NAT reactivity rate, the pool resolution concordance rate, and the resolution discrepancy rate. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on reagent types, viral targets, and Ct values. Potential causes were further explored through laboratory surveys and re-examination of raw amplification curves. Results: In 2024, the national average MP-NAT reactivity rate was 0.15%. The overall pool resolution concordance rate was 57.86%, which showed a gradual decline as Ct values increased across all reagents. The national average resolution discrepancy rate was 0.081‱(102/12 536 273), with 17.91%(53/296) of laboratories reporting at least one discrepancy. Nine reagent types were associated with these events, exhibiting reagent-specific patterns. For Reagent A2, the predominant discrepancy was HBV reactive pools resolving as HIV (36.36%); for Reagent D1, HBV pools frequently resolved as HCV (38.89%); and for Reagent E, the most common pattern was HIV pools resolving as HBV (48.00%). These resolution discrepancies were strongly associated with high Ct values: the median pool Ct for HBV exceeded 38, while those for HCV and HIV both exceeded 40. Investigations across 16 laboratories revealed that most discrepant samples exhibited “tailing” amplification curves, with some cases linked to cross-contamination or reagent batch-specific issues. Conclusion: While the incidence of resolution discrepancies in the MP-NAT model remains low in China, variations exist across different reagents and laboratories. These discrepancies are closely associated with low viral load, reagent performance, and laboratory operational practices.

Childhood simple obesity has become a significant public health issue in China. Modern medicine primarily relies on lifestyle interventions and often suffers from poor long-term compliance， while pharmacological options are limited and associated with potential adverse effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） has a long history in the prevention and management of this condition， demonstrating eight distinct advantages， including systematic theoretical foundation， diversified therapeutic approaches， definite therapeutic efficacy， high safety profile， good patient compliance， comprehensive intervention strategies， emphasis on prevention， and stepwise treatment protocols. Additionally， TCM is characterized by six distinctive features： the use of natural medicinal substances， non-invasive external therapies， integration of medicinal dietetics， simple exercise regimens， precise syndrome differentiation， and diverse dosage forms. By combining internal and external treatments， TCM facilitates individualized regimen adjustment and holistic regulation， demonstrating remarkable effects in improving obesity-related metabolic indicators， regulating constitutional imbalance， and promoting healthy behaviors. However， challenges remain， such as inconsistent operational standards， insufficient high-quality clinical evidence， and a gap between basic research and clinical application. Future efforts should focus on accelerating the standardization of TCM diagnosis and treatment， conducting multicenter randomized controlled trials， and fostering interdisciplinary integration， so as to enhance the scientific validity and international recognition of TCM in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

Digital and intelligent technologies serve as the core engine driving the inheritance of the essence and the innovation while upholding the fundamentals of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）. Currently， the digital and intelligent transformation of TCM has undergone four developmental stages， exhibiting inherent characteristics such as long-term inevitability， objective standardization， and ecological evolution. By introducing quantitative metrics， digital and intelligent technologies have achieved breakthroughs in TCM knowledge inheritance and innovation， clinical diagnosis and treatment， and herbal medicine supply. The practical applicability of methodological innovations has been empirically validated， though significant disparities exist in technological adaptability and application depth across different fields. Overall， the digital and intelligent transformation of TCM remains in its nascent stage， grappling with multiple structural challenges：weak data foundations， inadequate technological adaptability， incomplete institutional frameworks， shortages of multidisciplinary talent， lagging policies and regulations， and urban-rural digital divide. In order to foster sustainable development and modernization of TCM， this paper establishes a six-dimensional collaborative governance framework of encompassing data， technology， organization， institutions， environment and ethics， which is rooted in data governance and digital governance theories. Future efforts should center on standardization， integration， and ecosystem development to build a data and technology foundation. Focus should be placed on deepening innovation and application of key TCM-specific technologies， while simultaneously strengthening interdisciplinary talent cultivation， improving institutional mechanisms and policy frameworks， and increasing support for rural areas. By adopting a people-centered and technology-empowered approach， we can overcome developmental constraints and unleash the powerful driving force of digital and intelligent technologies for the inheritance of TCM.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the status of microbial contamination in the environment of respiratory tract specimens sampling rooms and observe the association of the factors such as design and layouts of the sampling rooms with the potential risk of infections in the environment so as to provide scientific bases for optimizing the construction standards of fever clinics of the medical institutions.METHODS The sampling rooms of fever clinic were chosen from 10 tertiary or above medical institutions of Hangzhou,and the samples were collected from the key sites such as air,object surfaces and hands of health care workers.The respiratory tract pathogens in the sam-ples were detected by FilmArray full-automatic medical PCR analysis system,and the pathogens in the samples were detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS).The data including the areas,windows,mechanical ventilation facilities,physical partitions,frequencies and modes of disinfection and daily amounts of diagnosis and treatment of the 10 sampling rooms were investigated,and the univariate analysis was performed for their association with the microbial contamination of environment.RESULTS The isolation rate of respiratory tract pathogens was 10.00％(4/40),respiratory syn-cytial virus,human rhinovirus and adenovirus were dominant among the respiratory tract pathogens.The isolation rate of bacteria was 71.88％(23/32),Staphylococcus ho minis and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the major species of opportunistic pathogens isolated.The result of univariate analysis indicated that both the presence of windows(P=0.012)and mechanical ventilation facilities(P=0.047)were associated with the potential risk of infections in the environment(P＜0.05);while the factors such as the areas of sampling rooms,physical parti-tions,disinfection modes and daily amounts of diagnosis and treatment were not remarkably associated with the potential risk of infections in the environment.CONCLUSION It is an effective way to physically separate the air-flow from other areas or fix the mechanical ventilation facilities to create proper airflow during the construction of fever clinic sampling rooms so as to reduce the potential risk of infections in the environment of sampling rooms.

Objective:To establish a genomic nucleic acid mass spectrometry detection platform for allelic risk associated with Alzheimer's disease.Methods:Whole blood samples of 61 patients diagnosed as Alzheimer's disease in the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from December 28th, 2023 to 31st, March 2024 were collected and deoxynucleic acid (DNA) was extracted, including 22 males and 39 females, aged (67.36 ± 8.18) years old. After screening out 17 risk gene loci in Chinese population, multiplex polymerase chain reaction primers, single-base extension primers and Sanger sequencing primers were designed. Ten samples were used for primer optimization and debugging through Sanger sequencing and time-of-flight mass spectrometry to establish a detection system. The remaining samples were genotyped using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and verified by Sanger sequencing for accuracy evaluation. Five samples were selected for gradient dilution and then subjected to time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection to evaluate the detection limit. Three clinical samples, one case of Escherichia coli and one case of Staphylococcus aureus genomic DNA samples were selected for cross-reaction research. The anti-interference ability of the detection system was evaluated against hemolysis, chylous substances and conventional anticoagulants in the samples. Two samples, one wild and one homozygous mutation sample with representative peak shapes, were selected to evaluate the anti-interference ability. Four samples containing the common genotypes of all gene loci in the system were selected and repeated 10 times to evaluate the precision.Results:The minimum intensity of single-base extension primers on mass spectrometry is greater than half of the maximum intensity. All 17 risk gene loci screened were successfully typed. The time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection results of 1,037 loci from 61 samples showed that the genotyping detection rate was 100%. The genotypes of the 20 DNA samples were completely consistent with the results of Sanger sequencing, with an accuracy rate of 100%. The mass spectrometry detection results of five samples after gradient dilution indicated that the low detection limit was 5 ng of DNA. The reaction system has a strong anti-interference ability against hemolysis of samples, chylous substances, conventional anticoagulants and DNA cross-contamination. Homologous allele interference and no cross-reaction between the bacterial genome and 17 gene loci do not affect the risk genome detection results. The results of 10 repeated mass spectrometry tests on 4 samples showed that the precision was 100%.Conclusion:The genomic detection system of Alzheimer's disease risk has been successfully established to provide an auxiliary mean for disease diagnosis and risk assessment.

Objective Based on multi-dimensional bioinformatics technology,the molecular pathological mechanism of acute hypotension is systematically analyzed.Methods Integrate the gene expression profile of the Gene Expression Omnibus database(GSE2401),use limma package(R software)to screen differential genes,and optimize targets through data dimensionality reduction(log2(FC)＞1,P＜0.05);Further combine Gene Ontology,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and gene set enrichment analysis pathway enrichment and STRING-Cytoscape(MCODE,CytoHubba plug-in)to build a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network to mine core genes;realize the full-chain analysis of"differential gene-functional pathway-PPI network".Results 676 differential genes(304 upregulated,372 downregulated),ribosome structural components(Rps8,Rps27,Rpl35,etc.)and multiple pathways such as forkhead box protein and cyclic adenosine monophosphate were found to coordinate the regulation of acute hypotension.Conclusion This study uses a low-cost and efficient bioinformatics analysis framework to reveal the association between ribosomal dysfunction,changes in insulin signal efficacy and blood pressure regulation,providing new ideas for targeted therapy.

Objective To investigate the role of the BNIP3-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in mediating the inhibitory effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction(BYHWT)on mitochondrial autophagy in human synovial fibroblasts from rheumatoid arthritis patients(FLS-RA)cultured under a hypoxic condition.Methods Forty normal Wistar rats were randomized into two groups(n=20)for daily gavage of BYHWT or distilled water for 7 days to prepare BYHWT-medicated or control sera.FLS-RA were cultured in routine condition or exposed to hypoxia(10％O2)for 24 h wigh subsequent treatment with IL-1β,followed by treatment with diluted BYHWT-medicated serum(5％,10％and 20％)or control serum.AnnexinV-APC/7-AAD double staining and T-AOC kit were used for detecting apoptosis and total antioxidant capacity of the cells,and the changes in ROS,ATP level,mitochondrial membrane potential and Ca2+homeostasis were analyzed.The changes in mRNA and protein expressions of BNIP3,PI3K and AKT and mRNA expressions of LC3,Beclin-1 and P62 were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Results Treatment with BYHWT-medicated serum dose-dependently lowered apoptosis rate of IL-1β-induced FLS-RA with hypoxic exposure.The treatment significantly decreased T-AOC concentration,increased ROS production,autophagosome formation and ATPase levels,and lowered mitochondrial membrane potential and Ca2+level in the cells.In IL-1β-induced FLS-RA with hypoxic exposure,treatment with BYHWT-medicated serum significantly increased BNIP3 protein expression,decreased the protein expressions of PI3K and AKT,increased the mRNA expressions of BNIP3 and P62,and lowered the mRNA expressions of PI3K,AKT,LC3 and Beclin-1 without significantly affecting Beclin-1 protein expression.The cells treated with 5％and 10％BYHWT-medicated serum showed no significant changes in LC3 expression.Conclusion BYHWT inhibits mitochondrial autophagy in IL-1β-induced FLS-RA with hypoxic exposure possibly by inhibiting BNIP3-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential mechanism of the Jianpi Yishen Huatan Formula （健脾益肾化痰方，JPYSHF） in treating squamous cell lung cancer through the LncRNA ALAL-1/USP4/HDAC2 signaling pathway. MethodsForty Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a control group and high-， medium-， and low-dose JPYSHF group with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the JPYSHF groups were administered JPYSHF concentrated liquid at doses of 45， 30， and 15 g/（kg·d） via intragastric gavage， respectively， while the control group received 10 ml/（kg·d） of normal saline， once daily for 10 consecutive days before preparation of drug containing serum. Human lung squamous carcinoma SK-MES-1 cells were divided into a control group and low-， medium-， and high-dose JPYSHF-medicated serum groups. The control group was cultured with 10% saline-containing serum， while the JPYSHF groups were cultured with 10% low-， medium-， or high-dose medicated serum. After 48 hours of incubation， flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis rates， and a cell scratch assay was performed to evaluate migration areas at 0 h and 24 h to calculate migration rate. Additional SK-MES-1 cells were divided into control serum， JPYSHF-medicated serum （low-， medium-， high-） dose， LncRNA-silenced group （transfected with ALAL-1 siRNA）， USP4-inhibited group （treated with 35 μmol/L PR-619， a deubiquitinase inhibitor）， and HDAC2-inhibited group （treated with 60 μmol/L Vorinostat）. After 24 and 48 hours of culture， cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay； LncRNA ALAL-1， USP4， and HDAC2 mRNA levels were quantified by qPCR after 24 hours； USP4 and HDAC2 protein levels were measured by Western Blot after 48 hours. ResultsCompared with the control serum group， the total apoptosis rate of cells in middle- and high-JPYSHF-medicated serum group significantly increased， and the cell migration rate of cells in the low-， middle- and high-JPYSHF-medicated serum group significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The cell migration rate of the low-， medium- and high-JPYSHF-medicated serum groups decreased with the increase of concentration in a concentration-dependent manner （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the control serum group at the same time， the cell viability at 24 h and 48 h significantly decreased in all groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the low-JPYSHF-medicated serum group at the same time， the cell viability at 24 h and 48 h also decreased in the high-JPYSHF-medicated serum group and the LncRNA silencing group （P＜0.05）. Compared with the control serum group， the expression of USP4 and HDAC2 mRNA reduced in the low- and medium-dose JPYSHF-medicated serum groups and the USP4 inhibitor group， and the expression of LncRNA ALAL-1， USP4 and HDAC2 mRNA reduced in the high-dose JPYSHF-medicated serum group and LncRNA-silencing group， and HDAC2 mRNA expression reduced in the HDAC2 inhibitor group. USP4 and HDAC2 protein levels were reduced in cells of all groups except for USP4 protein level in HDAC2 inhibitor group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionJPYSHF-medicated serum inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of human lung squamous carcinoma cells， and its mechanism of action may be related to its inhibition of the LncRNA ALAL-1/USP4/HDAC2 pathway， with best effect at a high concentration.

As a key member of the insulin-like growth factor family， insulin-like growth factor-‍Ⅰ （IGF-‍Ⅰ） is mainly synthesized in the liver and is widely distributed in the human body， and it is involved in the physiological processes such as cell proliferation， differentiation， metabolism， and apoptosis. Studies have shown that the level of IGF-‍Ⅰ is negatively correlated with the severity of liver cirrhosis， and IGF-‍Ⅰ mainly affects the progression of liver cirrhosis by inhibiting liver fibrosis， promoting DNA damage repair， and regulating lipid metabolism. Monitoring of IGF-‍Ⅰ level is expected to provide an evaluation indicator for improving the prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis， and stimulating the action pathway of IGF-‍Ⅰ or regulating its expression level may become a new method for the treatment of liver cirrhosis. This article reviews the research advances in IGF-‍Ⅰ in liver cirrhosis， in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cirrhosis.